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cmti10ë{F‘ÿ)or–¡rp›ÿp¹ersonal“r˜e˜asons,‘ÏA¸\ndr˜e˜as“Egler“de˜cide˜d“to“r˜etir˜e“fr˜om“authorship“of“this“work.‘- Never-ޤ ™štherless,‘¯he– &has“done“an“imp›ÿp¹ortant“work“ab˜out“that,‘¯and“I‘ de˜cide˜d“to“ke˜ep“his“name“on“this“ rstŽ¡p‘ÿp¹age.‘ vó|Œ-ø ó3 cmcsc10ë|D.‘"ùT‘ÿ ¸aÁ´upinŽŽŽŒ‹* × ý%ÿ쎠Á þïqO’ ‹•ë{If–êêyou“ar‘ÿp¹e“not“familiar“with“T‘þ"RŸ[wEŽ‘)¡X“at“al‘Flޤ ™š’ò^ÖI–êêwould“r–ÿp¹e“c“ommend–êêto“ nd“another“softwar‘ÿp¹eŽ¡’#9¶p›ÿp¹ackage–êêto“do“music˜al“typ˜esetting.Ž¡’/‚¢Setting–êêup“T‘þ"RŸ[wEŽ›)¡X“and“MusiXT‘þ"RŸ[wEŽ˜XŽ¡’!D:on–êêyour“machine“and“mastering“itŽ¡’Œóis–êêan“awesome“job“which“gobbles“upŽ¡’$ôa–êêlot“of“your“time“and“disk“sp–ÿp¹ac“e.ŽŸ™š’IE2But,–êêonc‘ÿp¹e“you“master“it...ŽŸ™š’vë|Hans‘"ùKuykensŽŸ™š‘™ÏóKñ`y ó3 cmr10»Although–¦fone“of“the“authors“conš²!tested“that“pMÞoin˜t“once“the“common“w˜ork“had“bMÞegun,Ž¡‘’KMusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X–¦fmaš²!y“bMÞe“freely“copied,“duplicated“and“used.‘ÝÝHo˜w˜ev˜er,“since“it“is“in˜tended“to“bMÞe“aŽ¡‘ •ëvfreew•²!are‘Cm»y“ou–¦fare“not“allo•²!w“ed–¦fto“sell“it,“and“the“fee“yš²!ou“ma˜y“ask“for“distributing“it“m˜ust“bMÞeŽ¡‘;limited–¦fto“mainš²!tenance,“suppMÞort“and“duplication“costs.‘ÝÝY‘ÿeou“ma˜y“tak˜e“parts“of“it“to“include“inŽ¡‘ 7¬other–¦fpacš²!k‘ÿdDages,“but“no“pac˜k‘ÿdDages“called“MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“ma˜y“bMÞe“distributed“under“this“name“ifŽ¡‘Ñ7di erenš²!t–¦ffrom“the“original“distribution“(except“ob˜vious“bug“corrections“or“text“fon˜tŽ¡‘~'Šadaptations–¦ffor“spMÞeci c“implemen²!tations).ŽŸ™š‘VíMusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X–¦fmaš²!y“bMÞe“included“in“further“commercial“pac˜k‘ÿdDages,“pro˜vided“that“no“fee“is“c˜hargedŽ¡’±Hþfor–¦fMusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“itself.ŽŽŽŒ‹ × ý%ÿì Á ýµÈØëiCon–ÿ8õten“tsŽŸCU»ó}ò"V ó3 cmbx10ë}1Ž‘lÏWhat–2is“MusiXT‘ý期nîEŽ‘™œX“?’8e>5ŽŽ¤b†‘lÏ»1.1Ž‘)œ1MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X–¦fprincipal“features‘ß0‘¼É.ŽŽ–„=‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ‘ªC5ŽŽ¡‘)œ11.1.1Ž‘N×Music–¦ftš²!ypMÞesetting“is“t˜w˜o-dimensional‘ç’‘¼É.ŽŽ–„=‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ‘ªC5ŽŽ¡‘)œ11.1.2Ž‘N×The–¦fspacing“of“the“notes‘¹‘¼É.ŽŽ–„=‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ‘ªC6ŽŽ¡‘)œ11.1.3Ž‘N×Music–¦ftok²!ens,“rather“than“a“ready-made“generator‘m‘¼É.ŽŽ–„=‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ‘ªC7ŽŽ¡‘)œ11.1.4Ž‘N×BeamsU<‘¼É.ŽŽ–„=‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ‘ªC8ŽŽ¡‘)œ11.1.5Ž‘N×Setting–¦fan²!ything“on“the“score‘]•‘¼É.ŽŽ–„=‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ‘ªC8ŽŽ¡‘lÏ1.2Ž‘)œ1A–¦fsimple“example‘鑼É.ŽŽ–„=‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ‘ªC8ŽŽ¡‘lÏ1.3Ž‘)œ1The–¦fthree“pass“system‘¦Ê‘¼É.ŽŽ–„=‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ“‘¼É.ŽŽ‘ªC9ŽŽ¡‘)œ11.3.1Ž‘N×External–¦fexecutable“ó~ßêspacing–ÞþdošMÞes“not“dep˜end“only“on“the“lo˜cal“notes,›í#but“also“on“the“con²!text,˜at“least“in“theޤ ™š‘8>same‘¦fbar.ŽŸ)@‘ BS2.ŽŽŽ‘8>in–¦fthe“case“of“pšMÞolyphonic“m²!usic,“exceptions“can“easily“b˜e“found.‘ÝÝHere“is“an“example:ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’èºŸÝ33‰ff‰&T¤‰ff‰&T¡‰ff‰&T¡‰ff‰&T¡‰ff‰&TŽŽ’躟ñ33„33ffŽŽ’躟ìó' >QÇmusix20ÒGŽŽŽŸæ£×’±»êÇ4ŽŸ ’±»ê4ŽŽŽŽŽ’Ìu„Ÿä€„‰šff‘ùÌÎÒŽ–ùÌΟ‰š„‰šff™šŸïvfŽ‘™–Ÿ„™šff™šŸðffŽ‘fbŸæff„™šff“Ž‘ÌÊŸ)š„©šff™šŸñVfŽŽ’&¨¨Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸám‘8>»where–J3it“can“bšMÞe“clearly“seen“that“the“half“notes“at“b˜eats“2“and“3“m²!ust“b˜e“spaced“as“if“theyŽ¡‘8>wš²!ere–ZÓquarter“notes“since“they“o˜v˜erlap,‘‡îwhic˜h“is“ob˜vious“only“bMÞecause“of“the“presence“ofŽ¡‘8>the–¦findication“of“the“ëvmeter‘o»4/4.Ž©ÅWSo–þ´the“tš²!ypMÞesetter“has“to“tak˜e“care“of“go•MÞo“d–þ´readable“spacings“on“his“o˜wn.‘¥÷Therefore,‘ >w˜e“preferredŽ¡to–¦fproš²!vide“the“comp•MÞoser/t˜yp“esetter–¦fwith“a“set“of“macros“whic˜h“can“bMÞe“found“in“2.3.2.ŽŸ(DhÅ1.1.3Ž‘)@Music–€tok ens,“rather“than“a“ready-made“generatorŽŸ_»The–¦ftokš²!ens“pro˜vided“b˜y“MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“are:ަ‘Lþóz!",š ó3 cmsy10ëzŽŽŽ‘8>»the–¦fnote“sym²!bMÞols“ëvwithout“stem»;ޤ)@‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»the–¦fnote“sym²!bšMÞols“ëvwith“stems,“and“ho˜oks“for“eigh²!th“notes“and“shorter‘É)»;Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»the–¦findication“of“bšMÞeam“b˜eginnings“and“b˜eam“ends;Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»the–¦findication“of“bMÞeginnings“and“ends“of“ties“and“slurs;Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»the–¦findication“of“acciden²!tals;Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»the‘´?ornamenš²!ts:‘ùarpMÞeggios,–÷µtrills,“morden˜ts,“pinc²"‘úÔDes,“turns,“staccatos–´?and“pizzicatos,‘÷µfer-ŽŸ ™š‘8>matas,‘¦fetc.;Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»the–¦fbars,“the“meter“and“signature“c²!hanges,“etc.ަTh²!us,›äë~\wh‘¿ªa–¾Ë»proMÞduces“an“ëvA‘¾ƒ(of“nominal“frequency“222.5“Hz,˜unless“transpMÞosed)‘庻of“durationޤ ™šbšMÞeing– ¡a“ëvwhole“note‘».‘In“the“same“w•²!a“y‘ÿe,‘'oë~\wh‘¿ªh– ¡»pro˜duces“an“ëvA‘ †(445“Hz)‘4»of“duration“represen²!tedŽ¡bš²!y–=Øa“ëvwhole“note‘»,‘RÁë~\qu‘¿ªc“»proMÞduces“a“ëvC‘=½(250“Hz“appro˜x.)‘áò»whose“v‘ÿdDalue“is“a“ëvquarter“note“with“stemŽ¡upU»,‘gë~\cl‘¿ªJ›x»proMÞduces–x(a“ëvC˜(125“Hz“approš²!x.)‘õb»of“duration“equal“to“an“ëveigh˜th“note“with“stem“do˜wn»,Ž¡etc.Ž©ý„‘T‘ÿeo–‡ugenerate“quarter,–¥eighš²!th,“sixteen˜th,“etc.‘Óc˜hords,“the–‡umacro“ë~\zqŽ‘Mè»can“bšMÞe“used:‘Îeit“pro˜ducesŽ¡a–¸Áquarter“note“head,‘ýWthe“vš²!ertical“pMÞosition“of“whic˜h“is“memorized“and“recalled“when“anotherŽ¡stemmed–æ–note“(pšMÞossibly“with“a“ho˜ok)“is“co˜ded;‘&‡then“the“stem“is“adjusted“to“link“all“sim²!ultaneousŽ¡notes.‘ÝÝThš²!us,–¦fthe“pMÞerfect“C-ma‘›»jor“c˜hord,“i.e.ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’ÉH´ŸÝ33‰ff2f_¤‰ff2f_¡‰ff2f_¡‰ff2f_¡‰ff2f_ŽŽ’ÉH´Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’ÉH´ŸìÒGŽŽŽ’áȲŸö33„ffÿþ‘ø€žÌÍŽ‘ø€ŸúÌÍŽ‘ø€ŸõÌÍŽ‘þLÍžÌÍ„" šff‘ùÌΟî€ŽŽ’ûH­Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽ¦»is–w†coMÞded“ë~\zq–¿ªc\zq“e\zq“g\qu“j–w†»or,›€æin“a“more“concise“w•²!a“y‘ÿe,˜ë~\zq{ceg}\qu‘¿ªj–w†»(stem“up):‘Æmin“fact,Ž¡single–¦fnotes“are“treated.–Ó3.“.‘y™likš²!e–¦fone-note“c˜hords.ŽŽŽŒ‹ö¡ × ý%ÿì»8’ýäëvCHAPTER–¦f1.‘„CWHA‘ÿeT“IS“MUSIXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“?ŽŽ Á ýbÿìÅ1.1.4Ž‘)@BeamsŽŸuLëvBeams‘æ!»are–rŸgenerated“using“macros“whicš²!h“de ne“their“bMÞeginning“(at“the“curren˜t“horizon˜talޤ 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™š\generalmeter{\meterfrac24}%Ž¡\parindent‘¿ª0ptŽ¡\generalsignature{-3}Ž¡\startpiece\bigaccidŽ¡\NOtes\qu{ce}\en\barŽ¡\NOtes\qu{gh}\en\barŽ¡\NOtes\qu{=b}\enŽ¡\Notes\ds\cu‘¿ªg\en\barŽ¡\NOtes\qu{^f=f}\en\barŽ¡\NOtes\qu{=e}\itied0e\qu{_e}\en\barŽ¡\Notes\ttie0\Qqbu‘¿ªed{_d}c\en\barŽ¡\Notes\ibu0b{-2}\qb0{=b}\enotesŽ¡\notes\nbbu0\qb0{=a}\tqh0N\enotesŽ¡\Notes\Dqbu‘¿ªcf\en\barŽ¡\NOtes\uptext{\it–¿ªtr}\qu“e\uptext{\it“tr}\qu“d\en\barŽ¡\NOtes\qu‘¿ªc\qp\en\Endpieceަ»The–3biggest“adv‘ÿdDanš²!tage“of“using“a“3-pass“system“is“the“v˜ery“easy“and“fast“alteration“to“the“la˜y˜outŽ¡whic²!h–ªais“p•MÞossible,›ë_esp“ecially–ªaof“a“long“masterpiece,˜bš²!y“c˜hanging“only“one“parameter,‘ë_namelyŽ¡ë~\muloosenessŽ‘Dûø».›ÅThis–[÷v‘ÿdDalue“acts“analogous“to“T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X's“ë~\looseness“»command.˜F‘ÿeor“non-T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X-pMÞerts:Ž¡if–„Dyš²!ou“end“a“paragraph“and“state“ë~\looseness=-1“»somewhere“inside,‘‹then“T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B 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BS4.ŽŽŽ‘8>Adjust‘þ ë~\muloosenessŽ‘Iú˜».‘æŒHo•²!w“ev“er,‘T®Åb`ew are‘(d:‘ŽRë~\mulooseness–þ »increases“the“target“n²!um-ަ‘8>bMÞer–¡ôof“lines“bš²!y“its“v‘ÿdDalue.‘ІThis“is“of“no“serious“trouble“for“larges“pieces,‘à×but“if“y˜ou“sa˜yަ‘8>ë~\mulooseness=3–wÆ»in“a“piece“or“in“a“section“whicš²!h“only“has“3“bars“(three“in“the“m˜usicalަ‘8>sense,›òbi.e.‘ú¡t•²!w“o–¯ýë~\en“»in“the“text),˜then“ë~musixflx“»will“not“bMÞe“able“to“split“3“bars“in²!to“4ަ‘8>lines...‘wand–.Ðit“will“hopšMÞefully“result“in“a“diagnostic“b²!y“ë~musixflx»,‘Pëbut“p˜ossibly“also“in“anަ‘8>arithmetic‘¦ffault...Ž¡‘ BS5.ŽŽŽ‘8>Delete–¦fthe“ë~jobname.mx2“»and“againަ‘8>T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X–¦f=›þ,Ïëz)“ë~musixflx“»=˜ëz)“»T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X‘ ó5ëv(F‘ÿeor“hac•²!k“ers:‘ÝÝw“atc“h–¦fthe“di 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XŸü¾¼7ŽŽ‘À».Ž¡Most–¦fof“them“ha•²!v“e–¦fto“bMÞe“adjusted“to“get“things“going.ŽŸ’‰ffµ/4Ÿ LÍ‘ {ºŸü-=ëm4ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿Except–Tëƒ\hardspace“¿whic¾9h“is“an“exception“and“has“the“oppšAÇosite“purp˜ose.ޤ ‘ {ºŸü-=ëm5ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿Hard–Tv›ÿ|ralues“are“all“v˜alues“whic¾9h“are“not“scalableŽ¡‘ {ºŸü-=ëm6ŽŽŽ‘¦aëƒ\endpiece–T¿has“the“same“meaningŽ¡‘ {ºŸü-=ëm7ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿Most–D™examples“proš¾9vided“b˜y“D.“ó„Œ-ø cmcsc10ë„T‘ÿ6faÌÌupin“¿in“MusicT‘þuAŸïÿEŽ›˜ŸX's“distribution“can“bAÇe“run“with“MusiXT‘þuAŸïÿEŽ˜X“without“seriousŽŸ problems...‘pHo•¾9w“ev“er,–Tthey“will“ev•¾9en“tually›Tha“v“e˜to˜bAÇe˜corrected˜for˜the˜sak“e˜of˜compatibilit“y‘ÿ:«.ŽŽŽŒ‹ J± × ý%ÿìëv1.4.‘„CSOME‘¦fHIGHLIGHTS’6)V»13ŽŽ Á ýbÿì‘Some– ™µv‘ÿdDalues“are“m•²!uc“h– ™µmore“impMÞortan²!t“than“in“MusicT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X,‘ ‡namely“ë~\elemskip»,ޤ ™šë~\afterruleskip–'ï»and“ë~\beforeruleskip».‘ bxThe“ratio“bšMÞet•²!w“een–'ïthem“is“esp˜ecially“v²!ery“imp˜or-Ž¡tanš²!t–Yif“y˜ou“use“ë~\muloosenessŽ‘K®»often“to“adjust“the“n˜um˜bMÞer“of“lines:‘·1all“of“them“are“m˜ultiplied“b˜yŽ¡the–¦fsame“factor“in“eac²!h“section.ŽŸ!ÆZÅ1.3.3Ž‘)@MusiXT‘ý¿áŸªªEŽ‘ìSX's‘€la wsŽŸ*k‘ BS»1.ŽŽŽ‘8>Nev•²!er›äÈha“v“e˜a˜line˜that˜doMÞesn't˜ nish˜either˜with˜a˜con“trol˜sequence˜or˜with˜a˜ë~%˜»inside˜ofŽ¡‘8>ë~\startpiece...\stoppieceŽŸÅW‘kø‡Ç!!!‘32MusiXT‘ýL¨Ÿ32EŽ‘èdX–ffforgivŒÌes“NOTHING“!!!ŽŸ^ñ‘8>»(a–ùÚspace“in“the“default“fon²!t“(using“plain-T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X)“causes“3.33pt“of“unrecorded“space,‘\but“thereŽ¡‘8>is–¦fonly“ëz“»1pt“of“glue“in“MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X)Ž©à‘ BS2.ŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\off–K»mš²!ust“bMÞe“used“with“relativ˜e“v‘ÿdDalues,‘´Àlik˜e“ë~\noteskip»,‘´Àë~\elemskip»,Ž¡‘8>ë~\after[before]ruleskipަ‘ BS»3.ŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\qsk–@˜»and“ë~\hqsk“»are“no²!w“scalable,‘Tôe.g.‘»îë~\qsk“»doMÞesn't“mean“exactly“one“note“head“width“(itŽ¡‘8>depMÞends–¦fon“ë~\elemskip“»and“ë~flex_factor»)ަ‘ BS4.ŽŽŽ‘8>T‘ÿeext–ûÄof“songs“and“anš²!y“non-MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“text“m˜ust“bšMÞe“put“in“zero“b˜o•²!xes,‘lik“e‘ûÄë~\zcharnote»,Ž¡‘8>ë~zchar»,–Κë~rlap»,“ë~lrlap»,“ë~llap»,“ë~uptext»,“ë~zsong...».‘¤ÁHo•²!w“ev“er,‘ΚspMÞeci c–“]features“are“no²!w“pro-Ž¡‘8>vided,–¦fnamely“ë~\hardlyrics“»and“ë~\hsong“»(see“2.20.7,“p.“67).ަ‘ BS5.ŽŽŽ‘8>Don't–ö©touc²!h“either“ë~\noteskip“»with“hard“v‘ÿdDalues,‘Ïor“ë~\after[before]ruleskip“»at“all“insideŽ¡‘8>of‘¦fë~\startpiece–¿ª(\debutmorceau)“...“\stop[end]piece“(\susp[fin]morceau)ŽŸ&ôÇ1.4Ž‘$æcSome‘ffhighlighŒÌtsŽŸV\Å1.4.1Ž‘)@SignaturesŽ©*j»Signatures–ƒùcan“bMÞe“stated“either“for“all“instrumenš²!ts,‘»^for“example“b˜y“ë~\generalsignatureŽ‘f>C{-2}Ž¡»whicš²!h–¦fsets“t˜w˜o“ ats“on“eac˜h“sta ,“or“separately“for“eac˜h“instrumen˜t.ŽŸÚ«‘Thš²!us,‘ the‘ö*ë~\generalsignatureŽ‘i¦ž»can–ö*bMÞe“partly“o˜v˜erridden“b˜y“ë~\setsignŽ‘1óz2{1}“»whic˜h“puts“oneŽ¡sharp–Y·on“the“sta s“of“ëvinstrumenš²!t“n˜um˜bMÞer‘"à»2.‘÷ÑOf“course,‘†Œthe“curren˜t“signature“ma˜y“c˜hange“atŽ¡anš²!y–¦ftime“as“w˜ell“as“the“meters“and“clefs.ŽŸ!ÆZÅ1.4.2Ž‘)@T‘þàransp`ositionަ»An– ­impšMÞortan²!t“question“is:‘›ëv\can“MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“transp˜ose“a“score“?"».‘±JThe“answš²!er“is“no˜w“99.5“%“ëvy˜ess‚».Ž¡If––fact,‘!there“is“an“inš²!ternal“register“named“ë~\transposeŽ‘A}лthe“default“v‘ÿdDalue“of“whic˜h“is“zero,‘!butŽ¡it– -maš²!y“bMÞe“set“to“an˜y“reasonable“pMÞositiv˜e“or“negativ˜e“v‘ÿdDalue.‘1In“that“case,‘&Þit“o sets“all“sym˜bMÞolsŽ¡pitcš²!hed–ÔRwith“letter“sym˜bMÞols“b˜y“that“n˜um˜bMÞer“of“pitc˜h“steps.‘g¢Ho˜w˜ev˜er,‘Íit“will“neither“c˜hangeŽ¡the–xÌsignature“nor“the“loMÞcal“accidenš²!tals,‘­eand“if“{“for“example“{“y˜ou“transpMÞose“a“piece“writtenŽ¡in–Šmóy  b> ó3 cmmi10ëyC‘Rî»bš²!y“1“pitc˜h,‘ÃoMusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“will“not“kno˜w“whether“y˜ou“w˜an˜t“it“in“ëyDšMÞ[»,‘Ãoin“ëyD‘ØK»or“in“ëyD˜]».‘‰òThisŽ¡mighš²!t–^—bMÞecome“tric˜ky“if“acciden˜tals“oMÞccur“within“the“piece,‘Œ£whic˜h“migh˜t“ha˜v˜e“to“bMÞe“con˜v˜ertedŽ¡in²!to›°3 ats,–²¦naturals,“sharps˜or˜double˜sharps,“depMÞending˜on˜the˜new˜c•²!hosen˜signature.‘ûDT‘ÿeo˜a“v“oidŽ¡this›+§trouble,‘L÷ëvrelativ•²!e‘È®»acciden“tals˜ha“v“e˜bMÞeen˜implemen“ted,‘L÷the˜actual˜output˜of˜whic“h˜depMÞendsŽ¡on–¦fthe“pitcš²!h“of“this“acciden˜tal“and“on“the“curren˜t“signature.ŽŽŽŒ‹] × ý%ÿì»14’øj‚ëvCHAPTER–¦f1.‘„CWHA‘ÿeT“IS“MUSIXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“?ŽŽ Á ýbÿìÅ1.4.3Ž‘)@Selecting–€sp`ecial“instrumen t“scoresŽŸíÉ»Another–”oquestion“is:‘¹ïëv\can“I‘”2write“an“orc²!hestral“score“and“extract“the“separate“scores“for“in-ޤ ™šdividual–âjinstrumenš²!ts“?"‘‘ê»The“answ˜er“is“95“%“ëvy˜ess‚»:‘Uæin“fact,‘1ky˜ou“can“de ne“y˜our“o˜wn“macrosŽ¡ë~\mynotes...\enotes»,‘±ë~\myNotes...\enotes–{±»with“as“manš²!y“argumen˜ts“as“there“are“in“the“or-Ž¡c²!hestral–ÔLscore“(hopMÞefully“this“is“less“than,›þQor“equal“to“9,˜but“T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B XpMÞerts“knoš²!w“ho˜w“to“w˜ork“around)Ž¡and–pcš²!hange“its“de nition“depMÞending“on“the“selected“instrumen˜t“(or“insert“a“test“depMÞenden˜t“onŽ¡the–dv‘ÿdDalue“of“some“selection“register).‘ô×But“the“limitation“is“that“the“n•²!um“bMÞering–dof“instrumen²!tsŽ¡ma•²!y›®”c“hange,‘° so˜that˜ë~\setsign3˜»ma“y˜ha“v“e˜to˜bMÞecome˜ë~\setsign1˜»if˜instrumen“t˜3˜is˜alone.‘öhBut,Ž¡in–¦fturn,“this“is“not“a“serious“problem“for“a•²!v“erage–¦fT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“wizard“appren²!tices.ŽŸ!Å1.4.4Ž‘)@V‘þàariable–€sta “and“note“sizesŽŸíÉ»Although–çÎthe“standard“sta “size“is“20pt,‘ø'MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“allo²!ws“scores“of“16pt“and“24pt“sta “sizes.Ž¡In–ŽÄaddition,‘“~anš²!y“instrumen˜t“ma˜y“ha˜v˜e“a“spMÞecial“sta “size“(usually“smaller“than“the“o˜v˜erall“sta 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X“macros:ޤôÁ‘ë~\input‘¿ªmusixtexŸü¾¼1ŽŽŽ¡»whic•²!h›V„ma“y˜bMÞe˜follo“w“ed˜b“y˜ë~\input‘¿ªmusixadd˜»in˜the˜case˜y“ou˜ha“v“e˜more˜than˜six˜instrumen“ts˜orŽ© ™šmore–¦fthan“6“sim²!ultaneous“bMÞeams“or“ties“or“slurs.Ž¡‘After– ïthat,‘ß‘yš²!ou“ma˜y“write“a“complete“b•MÞo“ok– ïof“T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“pro˜vided“that“y˜ou“do“not“use“ë~&“»as“aަtabulation–vcš²!haracter“(its“ë~\catcodeŽ‘6<»has“bMÞeen“c˜hanged)“inside“the“m˜usic“score“and“that“y˜ou“doަnot›ß½o•²!v“erwrite˜MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X's˜de nitions.‘‰âThis˜means˜that˜no˜spMÞecial˜macros˜ha“v“e˜bMÞeen˜designedަto–help“y²!ou“write“titles,›/½author“names,˜commen²!ts,˜literature“excerpts,˜etc.,˜unless“y²!ou“use“LŸýûó‘üÙ¼AŽŽ‘ÈG»T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B Xަwith–¦fthe“ë~musixtex“»st²!yle.ŽŸ'‰'Ç2.2Ž‘$æcBefore–ffyŒÌou“bs3egin“to“write“notesŽŸ‰ Å2.2.1Ž‘)@W‘þàarnings–€for“the“non“T‘ý¿áŸªªEŽ‘ìSXp`ertŽŸ]‘8>»When–WIT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“reads“a“parameter,‘ƒit“inputs“one“ëvtok²!en».‘ð…This“means“ëvone‘ôP» 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vIt“acts“lik˜e“ë~\ql“»for“stemŽ© ™š‘3,Ibuilding.Ž¡‘8>ë~\zcuŽ‘26æë},‘2ë~\zccuŽ‘ ðßë},‘2ë~\zcccuŽ‘&°‰ë},‘2ë~\zccccuŽ‘0¢Àë}:ŽŽ’½êŒ»eigh²!th,–F®...,“note–& with“stem“up“but“no“spacing.‘^ŠItަ‘3,Iacts–¦flik²!e“ë~\cu“»for“stem“building.Ž¡‘8>ë~\zclŽ‘26æë},‘2ë~\zcclŽ‘ 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ŽŽ‘»)“at“pitc˜h“ëyp“»with“no“spacing“after.Ž¡‘8>ë~\zlongaŽ‘G¨qëyp‘2ë}:ŽŽ‘ZNv»longa–¦fnote“(Ÿý€Ò'ŽŽ‘»)“at“pitc²!h“ëyp“»with“no“spacing“after.Ž¡‘8>ë~\zmaximaŽ‘Mhëyp‘2ë}:ŽŽ‘` »maxima–¦fnote“(Ÿý€Ò$ŽŽ‘»)“at“pitc²!h“ëyp“»with“no“spacing“after.ŽŸ'&(Å2.5.5Ž‘)@Single–€(spacing)“stemless“notesŽŸþ,»Although–Ïnot“standard“in“real“mš²!usic“scores,‘ú#one“ma˜y“need“to“ha˜v˜e“stemless“quarter“and“half“noteަheads––1pšMÞosted“in“the“same“w•²!a“y––1as“whole“notes.‘ØvThis“can“b˜e“done“with“the“follo²!wing“commands:ŽŸ`ã‘8>ë~\nhŽ‘0©Éëyp‘2ë}:ŽŽ‘COλhalf–¦fnote“head“at“pitc²!h“ëyp».Ž¡‘8>ë~\nqŽ‘0©Éëyp‘2ë}:ŽŽ‘COλquarter–¦fnote“head“at“pitc²!h“ëyp».ŽŸ!Ĉ‘As–¦fan“example,“the“sequence:ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’–âUŸÝ33‰ff—3¤‰ff—3¡‰ff—3¡‰ff—3¡‰ff—3ŽŽ’–âUŸñ33„33ffŽŽ’–âUŸìÒGŽŽŽ’¯bSŸö33„ffÿþ‘ø€žÌÍŽ‘ÿŸîLÍŽŽ’ÈâNŸñ33„33ffŽŽ’ÏȵŸö33„ffÿþ‘ø€žÌÍŽ‘ þŸîLÍŽŽ’õH®Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’ü/Ÿö33„ffÿþ‘ø€žÌÍŽ‘ÿŸýLÍŽ‘ýŸúÌÍŽ‘ûŸøLÍŽŽ’-¯ Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸ/»w²!as–¦fcoMÞded“as:ŽŸ`ä‘8>ë~\notes\nq–¿ªc\nq“j\enotes\barreަ‘8>\Notes\nh–¿ªc\nh“j\enotes\barreަ‘8>\notes\nq‘¿ª{cdef}\enotesŽŸ`ã‘»In–¦fcase“of“spMÞecial“need,“non“spacing“v‘ÿdDarianš²!ts“ha˜v˜e“bMÞeen“pro˜vided,“namely“ë~\znhŽ‘Kt»and“ë~\znqŽ‘¥».ŽŽŽŒ‹û3 × ý%ÿìëv2.6.‘„CBEAMS’xí»25ŽŽ Á ýbÿìÅ2.5.6Ž‘)@P• oin“ted‘€notesŽŸ†ó»One–³Tsimple“w•²!a“y–³Tof“doing“consists“in“putting“ë~\pt‘¿ªëypŽ‘%笻to“get“a“ëvdot‘ðT»after“the“normal“note“headޤ ™šat–øpitcš²!h“ëyp».‘Ô/Th˜us“a“quarter“note“with“one“pMÞoin˜t“can“bšMÞe“co˜ded“ë~\pt–¿ªh\qu“h»,‘ with›øt•²!w“o˜pMÞoin“ts˜asŽ¡ë~\pptŽ‘þ¨\qu›¿ªh–¦f»and“with“three“pMÞoin²!ts“as“ë~\ppptŽ‘ d¸\qu˜h».ŽŸtŽ‘A‘#Msimpler›#¯w•²!a“y˜of˜doing˜consists˜in˜using˜compact˜macros,–ƒnamely:‘Øpë~\whpޑ׻,“ë~\whppŽ‘"AS»,“ë~\zwpŽ‘©»,Ž¡ë~\zwppŽ‘¾R»,‘µ‚ë~\hupŽ–´*»,‘µ‚ë~\huppŽ› sÔ»,‘µ‚ë~\hlpŽ“»,‘µ‚ë~\hlppŽ˜»,‘µ‚ë~\zhpŽ“»,‘µ‚ë~\zhppŽ˜»,‘µ‚ë~\qupŽ“»,‘µ‚ë~\quppŽ˜»,‘µ‚ë~\qlpŽ“»,‘µ‚ë~\qlppŽ˜»,‘µ‚ë~\zqpŽ“»,‘µ‚ë~\zqppŽ˜»,‘µ‚ë~\cupŽ“»,Ž¡ë~\cuppŽ‘¾R»,‘¦fë~\clpŽ‘¥»,‘¦fë~\clppŽ– d¸»,‘¦fë~\qbpŽ‘Kt»and‘¦fë~\qbppŽ“».‘ÝÝWhere–¦fall“ë~\z...p“»are“useful“in“c²!hords.Ž©tŽ‘Y‘ÿeou–æVmaš²!y“also“in˜trošMÞduce“p˜oin²!ted“notes,‘öResp˜ecially“in“groups“b²!y“co˜ding“a“ëvp˜erio˜d‘T¨»b˜efore“(notŽ¡after)–¦fthe“letter“represenš²!ting“the“pitc˜h:‘ÝÝë~\qu{.a.^b.c}“»whic˜h“is“equiv‘ÿdDalen˜t“to:ޤO‚‘8>ë~\pt{a}\qu{a}\pt{b}\sh{b}\qu{b}\pt{c}\qu{c}Ž¡»Finally‘ÿe,‘µÆpšMÞoin²!ted–²³notes“can“also“b˜e“pro˜duced“without“spacing“after,›µÆusing“ë~\zhupŽ‘ q»,˜ë~\zhlpŽ– t»,˜ë~\zqupŽ“»,ޤ ™šë~\zqlpŽ‘¾R»,‘®&ë~\zcupŽ– lx»,‘®&ë~\zclpŽ“»,‘®&ë~\zqbpŽ“»,›®&and–¬™the“same“with“t•²!w“o–¬™ë~p»'s“for“double-pMÞoin²!ted“notes,˜lik²!e“ë~\zhuppŽ‘&*•»,Ž¡ë~\zhlppŽ‘"}ü»,‘¦fë~\zquppŽ–&$b»,‘¦fë~\zqlppŽ“»,‘¦fë~\zcuppŽ“»,‘¦fë~\zclppŽ‘)ÊÈ»and‘¦fë~\zqbppŽ“».ަ‘If›AÎt•²!w“o˜v“oices˜share˜one˜sta ,‘h¨the˜pMÞoin“ts˜of˜the˜lo“w“er˜v“oice˜are˜lo“w“ered,‘h¨if˜the˜note˜is˜on˜aŽ¡note–¦fline.‘ÝÝTherefore“y²!ou“can“use“ë~\lptŽ‘Ktëyp“»and“ë~\lpptŽ‘$ ëyp».ŽŸ%8GÇ2.6Ž‘$æcBeamsŽŸL»Beams–tCare“not“automatically“handled,›§ºbut“they“m²!ust“bMÞe“declared“explicitely‘ÿe,˜ëvbMÞefore‘J»the“ rstŽ¡spacing–¦fnote“in•²!v“olving–¦fthem“is“coMÞded.‘ÝÝTwš²!o“kinds“of“macros“are“pro˜vided:ŽŸ*w‘ BS1.ŽŽŽ‘8> xed–¢™slopšMÞe“b˜eams“ha•²!v“e–¢™an“arbitrary“slop˜e“cš²!hosen“b˜y“the“user“in“the“range“-45%“to“+45%Ž¡‘8>(b•²!y›¦fm“ultiples˜of˜5%);ŽŸO‚‘ BS2.ŽŽŽ‘8>semi-automatic–HfbšMÞeams“ha•²!v“e–Hftheir“slop˜e“computed“knoš²!wing“the“n˜um˜bMÞer“of“ë~\noteskipŽ‘:MÆ»o˜v˜erŽ¡‘8>whicš²!h–&%they“are“suppMÞosed“to“extend,‘Fand“kno˜wing“the“initial“and“ nal“pitc˜h“of“the“notesŽ¡‘8>they–¦fare“suppMÞosed“to“link.ŽŸ ‹Å2.6.1Ž‘)@Fixed–€slopš`e“b˜eamsޤ†óë}2.6.1.1Ž‘0E[Beam‘2initiationŽ¡‘8>ë~\ibuŽ‘6isëynps‘2ë}:ŽŽ‘TÄ »initiates–G7an“ëvuppšMÞer“b˜eam“»3“horizon²!tal“line“spacings“ab˜o•²!v“e–G7the“pitc²!h“ëyp“»;‘fñëymޤ ™š‘3,I»is–€}its“reference“n•²!um“bMÞer,‘ˆwhic“h›€}m“ust˜bMÞe˜in˜the˜range˜[0-5]˜([0-8]˜if˜ë~musixadd˜» leŽ¡‘3,Ihas–¦fbšMÞeen“ë~\input»);“ëys“»is“the“slop˜e“of“the“b˜eam.Ž©*wëys–e$»is“an“in²!teger“in“the“range“[-9,9].‘ëys–H»=“1–e$means“a“slopšMÞe“of“5%,‘”Óëys–H»=“9–e$means“a“slop˜e“of“45%,Ž¡ëys–Ë„»=“ëz»3–means“a“slopšMÞe“of“-15%,‘7 etc.‘9With“usual“spacings“a“slop˜e“of“2“or“3“is“ t“for“ascendingŽ¡scales.‘ÝÝA–¦fslopšMÞe“of“6“to“9“is“ t“for“ascending“arp˜eggios.ަ‘8>ë~\iblŽ‘6isëynps‘2ë}:ŽŽ‘TÄ »initiates–ša“ëvlo•²!w“er–šbšMÞeam“»3“horizon²!tal“line“spacings“b˜eloš²!w“the“pitc˜h“ëyp».‘„šOtherŽ¡‘3,Iparameters–¦fas“abMÞo•²!v“e.ޤO‚‘8>ë~\ibbuŽ‘<)ëynps‘2ë}:ŽŽ‘Zƒµ»initiates–¦fa“ëvdouble“uppšMÞer“b˜eam“»(same“parameter“meaning).Ž¡‘8>ë~\ibblŽ‘<)ëynps‘2ë}:ŽŽ‘Zƒµ»initiates–¦fa“ëvdouble“lo•²!w“er–¦fbMÞeam“»(same“parameter“meaning).Ž¡‘8>ë~\ibbbuŽ‘AèÇëynps‘2ë}:ŽŽ‘`C_»initiates–¦fa“ëvtriple“uppšMÞer“b˜eam“»(same“parameter“meaning).Ž¡‘8>ë~\ibbblŽ‘AèÇëynps‘2ë}:ŽŽ‘`C_»initiates–¦fa“ëvtriple“lo•²!w“er–¦fbMÞeam“»(same“parameter“meaning).Ž¡‘8>ë~\ibbbbuŽ‘G¨qëynps‘2ë}:ŽŽ‘f »initiates–¦fa“ëvquadruple“uppšMÞer“b˜eam“»(same“parameter“meaning).Ž¡‘8>ë~\ibbbblŽ‘G¨qëynps‘2ë}:ŽŽ‘f »initiates–¦fa“ëvquadruple“lo•²!w“er–¦fbMÞeam“»(same“parameter“meaning).ŽŽŽŒ‹Ò × ý%ÿì»26’’óëvCHAPTER–¦f2.‘„CPRA²!CTICAL“USEŽŽ Á ýbÿì‘»Notes–w”bšMÞelonging“to“b˜eams“are“co˜ded“in“the“form“ë~\qbŽ‘.&ëynp“»where“ëyn“»is“the“b˜eam“n•²!um“b˜er–w”and“ëypޤ ™š»the–ÝZpitc²!h“of“the“note“head.‘‚ºMusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“adjusts“the“length“of“the“note“stem“to“link“the“bMÞottomŽ¡of–¦fthe“c²!hord“to“a“bMÞeam.ŽŸ$2ë}2.6.1.2Ž‘0E[Beam‘2terminationŽŸî»Beam–¾Htermination“is“also“not“automatic.‘%„The“termination“of“a“givš²!en“bMÞeam“m˜ust“bMÞe“explicitelyŽ¡declared›¦fëvb•MÞefore‘Cm»co“ding˜the˜last˜spacing˜note˜connected˜to˜that˜b“eam.ޤ׿‘8>ë~\tbuŽ‘6isëyn‘2ë}:ŽŽ‘J°»terminates–¦fuppšMÞer“b˜eam“n•²!um“b˜er–¦fëyn“»at“curren²!t“p˜osition.ŽŸx‘8>ë~\tblŽ‘6isëyn‘2ë}:ŽŽ‘J°»terminates›¦flo•²!w“er˜bMÞeam˜n“um“bMÞer˜ëyn˜»at˜curren“t˜pMÞosition.Ž¡ë~\tbuŽ‘¹‹»and‘ºãë~\tblŽ‘tn»terminate–ºãbMÞeams“of“anš²!y“m˜ultiplicit˜y‘ÿe.‘TTherefore“32-th“notes“hanging“on“a“tripleŽŸ ™šbMÞeam–¦fare“initiated“bš²!y“ë~\ibbbuŽ‘)ÊÈëynps“»and“terminated“b˜y“ë~\tbuŽ‘Ktëyn».ŽŸY ‘Since–’bšMÞeams“usualy“ nish“with“a“ë~\qb“»to“link“the“last“note,‘ɯshorter“macros“ha•²!v“e–’b˜een“pro²!vided:ŽŸ—T‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\tqbŽ‘5ÝLëynp–¦f»is“equiv‘ÿdDalen²!t“to“ë~\tbl“ëynë~\qb“ëynpޤ—T‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\tqhŽ‘5ÝLëynp–¦f»is“equiv‘ÿdDalen²!t“to“ë~\tbu“ëynë~\qb“ëynpŽ¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\ztqbŽ‘;œöëynp–¦f»is“equiv‘ÿdDalen²!t“to“ë~\tbl“ëynë~\zqb“ëynp“»(no“spacing“after)Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\ztqhŽ‘;œöëynp–¦f»is“equiv‘ÿdDalen²!t“to“ë~\tbu“ëynë~\zqb“ëynp“»(no“spacing“after)ŽŸ$2ë}2.6.1.3Ž‘0E[Beams–2of“increasing“m•¦tultiplicit“yŽŸî»It–Ó…is“also“pšMÞossible“to“co˜de“b˜eams“whose“m•²!ultiplicit“y–Ó…is“not“the“same“at“the“b˜eginning.‘e9Theޤ ™šm•²!ultiplicit“y–m|can“bšMÞe“increased“at“an²!y“p˜osition.‘ÊäF‘ÿeor“instance,‘xÞë~\nbbuŽ‘#¤¬ëyn“»whicš²!h“sets“the“m˜ultiplicit˜yŽ¡of–ÀuppšMÞer“b˜eam“n•²!um“b˜er–Àëyn“»to“2“starting“at“the“curren²!t“p˜osition,‘‰ë~\nbbbuŽ‘)ˆÐëyn“»sets“its“m•²!ultiplicit“y‘ÀtoŽ¡3–Ú°and“ë~\nbbbbuŽ‘/óëyn“»sets“its“m•²!ultiplicit“y–Ú°to“4.‘zºë~\nbblŽ‘&¼ëyn“».–Ó3.“.“ë~\nbbbblŽ‘-ë‰ëyn–Ú°»pMÞerform“the“same“functionsŽ¡for›¦flo•²!w“er˜bMÞeams.ŽŸY ‘Note–Ãthat“the“di erence“bšMÞet•²!w“een–Ãupp˜er“and“lo•²!w“er–Ãb˜eams“do˜es“not“mainly“consist“in“the“b˜eamŽ¡b•MÞeing› ab“o•²!v“e˜or˜bMÞelo“w˜the˜note˜heads;‘Ïýrather,‘Éit˜sp•MÞeci es˜whether˜the˜abscissa˜of˜the˜b“eginningŽ¡and–ž¾the“end“of“this“bšMÞeam“is“aligned“on“the“righ²!t“(upp˜er“b˜eam)“or“on“the“left“(lo•²!w“er)‘ž¾b˜eam.Ž¡Th²!us,–¦fthe“sequence:ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’¨HºŸÝ33‰fftfT¤‰fftfT¡‰fftfT¡‰fftfT¡‰fftfTŽŽ’¨HºŸñ33„33ffŽŽ’¨HºŸìÒGŽŽŽ’ÈƒŸñ„¿¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ–™—„¿¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ“„¿¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ“„¿¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ™šŸô³‰„fj30Ž‘í™Ÿðó‰„fj$3-Ž‘Û™ Ÿí3‰„fj63*ޑə£Ÿés‰„fjH3'Ž“„¿¬ff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’H¨Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽ©Y »has–¦fbšMÞeen“co˜ded“asޤ׿‘8>ë~\Notes\ibu0h0\qb0e\nbbu0\qb0e\nbbbu0\qb0e\nbbbbu0\qb0e\tbu0\qb0e\enotesŽ¡‘»It–¦fis“quite“pšMÞossible“to“terminate“with“ë~\tbuŽ‘Kt»a“b˜eam“initiated“with“ë~\iblŽ‘¥».‘ÝÝThis“maš²!y“giv˜e:ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’±H¸ŸÝ33‰ffbfW¤‰ffbfW¡‰ffbfW¡‰ffbfW¡‰ffbfWŽŽ’±H¸Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’±H¸ŸìÒGŽŽŽ’ÉȶŸØ33„ffÿþ–ø€¤ Œy„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽ›˜©òs‡„ffÿþ“¡„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽ˜¦„ffÿþ“¡„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽ™šŸù³5„fjÿüŽ‘fcŸü@„ó5ffŽ‘í™Ÿýs5„fj)ÿùŽ‘fc„ó5ffŽ‘Û™ Ÿ35„fj;ÿöŽ‘fcŸ @T„ @Tff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’H©Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽ¦»whic²!h–¦fhas“bšMÞeen“co˜ded“asŽ¡‘8>ë~\Notes\ibl0p0\qb0p\nbbl0\qb0p\nbbbl0\qb0p\tbu0\qb0e\enotesŽŽŽŒ‹  × ý%ÿìëv2.6.‘„CBEAMS’xí»27ŽŽ Á ýbÿìë}2.6.1.4Ž‘0E[Beams–2of“decreasing“m•¦tultiplicit“yŽŸ·j»P²!artial–³termination“of“bšMÞeams“is“also“p˜ossible,‘3qb²!y“using“ë~\tbbuŽ›"븻or“ë~\tbblŽ˜»:‘–these“macros“terminateޤ ™šthe––Ýcurrenš²!t“bMÞeam“except“that“of“order“1“(eigh˜ths).‘¯Cë~\tbbbuŽ‘.Ä»or“ë~\tbbblŽ‘+«¶»terminate“the“curren˜tŽ¡bMÞeam–¦fexcept“those“of“order“1“and“2,“etc.ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’±H¸ŸÝ33‰ffbfW¤‰ffbfW¡‰ffbfW¡‰ffbfW¡‰ffbfWŽŽ’±H¸Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’±H¸ŸìÒGŽŽŽ’ÑŸñ„?¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ™šŸés‰„fj30Ž–™—„?¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘홟峉„fj$3-Ž“„?¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘Û™ Ÿáó‰„fj63*Ž“„?¬ff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’H©Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸ¥»has–¦fbšMÞeen“co˜ded“asŽ©»Û‘8>ë~\startextractŽ¡‘8>\Notes\ibbbu0h0\qb0e\tbbbu0\qb0e\tbbu0\qb0e\tbu0\qb0e\enotesŽ¡‘8>\endextractަ‘»The–Õ%macros“ë~\tbbuŽ›&hœ»and“ë~\tbblŽ˜»and“higher“order“maš²!y“also“bMÞe“in˜v˜ok˜ed“when“only“a“singleŽ¡bšMÞeam–L)is“activ²!e.‘Ï'Then,‘uša“second“b˜eam“or“third“or“...‘Ï'(upp˜er“or“lo•²!w“er–L)according“the“initiatingŽ¡prošMÞcedure)–+Wis“op˜ened“ëvone“note“width“b˜efore“the“curren²!t“p˜osition,‘Cóand“closed“immediately‘ð».‘´ØTh²!usŽ¡the–¦ffollo²!wing“sequencesŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ‘R ßÝ33‰ff>f]¤‰ff>f]¡‰ff>f]¡‰ff>f]¡‰ff>f]ŽŽ‘R ßñ33„33ffŽŽ‘R ßìÒGŽŽŽ‘q׌Ÿñ„?¬ff‘ùÌΟý€ŽŽ‘ ™˜Ÿô³‰„fj32Ž™šŸðó‰„fj30Ž‘™—„?¬ff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’ ºŸñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸçŽŽŽ’4†¦ŸÝ33‰ff>f]¤‰ff>f]¡‰ff>f]¡‰ff>f]¡‰ff>f]ŽŽ’4†¦Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’4†¦ŸìGŽŽŽ’TSoŸñ„?¬ff‘ùÌΟý€ŽŽ‘ ™˜Ÿøs‰„fj32Ž‘ ™˜Ÿô³‰„fj32Ž™šŸðó‰„fj30Ž‘™—„?¬ff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’r†Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŽŸ™Ñ»are‘¦fcoMÞded:Ÿù D‘;të~\Notes\ibu0e0\qbp0e%Ž¡‘"ºÈ\tbbu0\tbu0\qb0e\enŽŽŸù D’ÞÈ?\Notes\ibu0e0\qbpp0e%Ž¡’êG“\tbbbu0\tbbu0\tbu0\qb0e\enŽŽŽŸºâ»The–AAsame“bšMÞeha²!viour“o˜ccurs“in“the“case“of“ë~\tbbbuŽ‘&¿=»,‘gøë~\tbbblŽ‘&åô»,‘gøë~\tbbbbuŽ‘0æß»and“ë~\tbbbblŽ‘,~ç».‘®oThe“sym-Ž¡metrical–¦fpattern“is“also“pMÞossible.‘ÝÝF‘ÿeor“example:ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’ÃHµŸÝ33‰ff>f]¤‰ff>f]¡‰ff>f]¡‰ff>f]¡‰ff>f]ŽŽ’ÃHµŸñ33„33ffŽŽ’ÃHµŸìÒGŽŽŽ’ÝH²Ÿõòá„fjfeŽ’ÝH²Ÿø¬„ÿ¬ff™šŸìTŽ™šŸ35„fjfcŽ‘™—„ÿ¬ff™šŸìTŽŽŽ’H¬Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽ©¥»has–¦fbšMÞeen“co˜ded“as:ޤ°p‘8>ë~\Notes\ibbl0j0\roff{\tbbl0}\qb0j\tbl0\qbp0j\enotesŽ¡ëvREMARK:–Æ|these“cošMÞdings“ma²!y“seem“complicated.‘>In“fact,‘Îit“is“the“resp˜onsibilit²!y“of“the“user“toޤ ™šde ne–Yqmacros“whic²!h“pMÞerform“the“most“common“sequences“in“his“masterpiece.‘Ä6F‘ÿeor“example,‘hÕoneŽ¡could–¦fde ne“sets“of“four“sixteenš²!ths“b˜y“the“macro:ަ‘ë~\def\qqh#1#2#3#4#5{\ibbl0#2#1\qb#2\qb#3\qb#4\tbl0\qb#5}ަëvwhere–ßë~\notes\ibbbu0e0\roff{\tbbbu0}\qb0f\enŽ¡‘8>\notesp\tbbu0\qbp0f\enŽ¡‘8>\Notes\tbu0\qb0f\enŽ¡‘8>\notesp\ibbu0f0\roff{\tbbu0}\qbp0f\enŽ¡‘8>\Notes\qb0f\enŽ¡‘8>\notes\tbbbu0\tbbu0\tbu0\qb0f\enŽŽŽŒ‹&W × ý%ÿì»28’’óëvCHAPTER–¦f2.‘„CPRA²!CTICAL“USEŽŽ Á ýbÿìÅ2.6.2Ž‘)@Repš`eated–€pattern“b˜eamsŽŸ¢™»Note–^‘heads“hanging“on“bMÞeams“are“not“necessarily“quarter“(or“higher“order)“note“heads.‘_It“isޤ ™špšMÞossible–¦fto“hang“half“note“heads“on“b˜eams“using“ë~\hbŽ‘‹Ê»macro,“e.g.:ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’±H¸ŸÝ33‰ffbfW¤‰ffbfW¡‰ffbfW¡‰ffbfW¡‰ffbfWŽŽ’±H¸Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’±H¸ŸìÒGŽŽŽ’ËHµŸø¬„ÿ¬ff™šŸìTŽ™šŸýs5„fjfcŽ™šŸ35„fjfcŽ‘™—„ÿ¬ff™šŸìTŽŽ’õ{Ÿì„ÿ¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ™šŸðó‰„fj30Ž™šŸí3‰„fj30Ž‘™—„ÿ¬ff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’H©Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸœJ»has–¦fbšMÞeen“co˜ded“as:Ž©¡ª‘8>ë~\Notes\ibbl0j0\hb0j\tbl0\hb0j\enotesŽ¡‘8>\Notes\ibbu0g0\hb0g\tbu0\hb0g\enotesަ‘»It–¦fis“also“pMÞossible“to“writeŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’±H¸ŸÝ33‰ffbfW¤‰ffbfW¡‰ffbfW¡‰ffbfW¡‰ffbfWŽŽ’±H¸Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’±H¸ŸìÒGŽŽŽ’ËHµŸä€ Ž’ËHµŸô¿¬€Ž’ͯŸôcƒ€ŽŽ’ËHµŸø¬€Ž’ͯŸø#ƒ€ŽŽ’ÝH²Ÿß€ ŽŽ’ïH¯Ÿì Ž’õ{ŸÛÀT€Ž’÷H«ŸÛkÚ€ŽŽ’õ{ŸØT€Ž’÷H«Ÿ×«Ú€ŽŽ’H¬Ÿç ŽŽ’H©Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸœJ»whic•²!h›¦fw“as˜coMÞded˜as:ަ‘8>ë~\Notes\ibbl0j3\wh–¿ªj\tbl0\wh“l\enotesŽ¡‘8>\Notes\ibbu0g3\wh–¿ªg\tbu0\wh“i\enotesަ»Ho•²!w“ev“er,–¦fa“bšMÞetter“lo˜ok“could“b˜e“obtained“in“a“more“sophisticated“w•²!a“yŸü¾¼9ŽŽ‘À»:ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’®H¹ŸÝ33‰ffhfV¤‰ffhfV¡‰ffhfV¡‰ffhfV¡‰ffhfVŽŽ’®H¹Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’®H¹ŸìÒGŽŽŽ’ÂH·Ÿä€ Ž’ÈH¶Ÿô¿¬€Ž’ʯŸôcƒ€ŽŽ’ÈH¶Ÿø¬€Ž’ʯŸø#ƒ€ŽŽ’ÚH³Ÿß€ ŽŽ’ìH°Ÿì Ž’ò|ŸÛÀT€Ž’ôH¬ŸÛkÚ€ŽŽ’ò|ŸØT€Ž’ôH¬Ÿ×«Ú€ŽŽ’H¬Ÿç ŽŽ’H©Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸœJ»whic•²!h›¦fw“as˜simply˜coMÞded˜as:ަ‘8>ë~\Notes\loff{\zw–¿ªj}\ibbl0j3\sk\tbl0\wh“l\enotesŽ¡‘8>\Notes\ibbu0g3\wh–¿ªg\tbu0\roff{\wh“i}\enotes\qspaceަ‘»Single–¦repšMÞeated“notes“can“also“b˜e“made“|“in“a“m•²!uc“h–¦more“sophisticated“w•²!a“yŸü¾¼10ŽŽ‘ »,‘7ffor‘¦example:ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ‘_’ŸÝ33‰ffÌ£¤‰ffÌ£¡‰ffÌ£¡‰ffÌ£¡‰ffÌ£ŽŽ‘_’Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ‘_’ŸìÒGŽŽŽ‘yŸù¿¬„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽ–™—„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽ“„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽ‘Û™ Ÿ35„fj6f]Ž“„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽ‘ÏfoŸêÀT„?¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ“„?¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ“„?¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘Û™ Ÿðó‰„fj63*Ž“„?¬ff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’¾†Ÿô¿¬€±Ž’À{éŸó«3€±ŽŽ’ÁƒŸú š„‰šff™šŸïvfŽ‘fiŸá¶º€±Ž‘™™Ÿà¹K€±ŽŽ‘ffŸêvf„‰šff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’ß~Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’ç{äŸúÿ¬„¬ff™šŸî€TŽ– ™˜„¬ff™šŸî€TŽ“„¬ff™šŸî€TŽ‘ç™žŸýs5„fj$f`Ž‘ç™žŸ35„fj$f`Ž“„¬ff™šŸî€TŽ›áfl¤é€T„¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ“„¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ“„¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘癞Ÿós‰„fj$3-Ž‘ç™žŸï³‰„fj$3-Ž“„¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ÌÌŸ¬„¬ff™šŸî€TŽ“„¬ff™šŸî€TŽ“„¬ff™šŸî€TŽ‘ç™žŸýs5„fj$f`Ž‘ç™žŸ35„fj$f`Ž“„¬ff™šŸî€TŽ˜¡„¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ“„¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ“„¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘癞Ÿós‰„fj$3-Ž‘ç™žŸï³‰„fj$3-Ž“„¬ff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’D{ןò?¬€±Ž’Fâ:Ÿñ+3€±ŽŽ’D{ןõÿ¬€±Ž’Fâ:Ÿôë3€±ŽŽ’G{ÔŸú š„‰šff™šŸïvfŽ‘fiŸä6º€±Ž‘™™Ÿã9K€±ŽŽ‘fiŸàvº€±Ž‘™™ŸßyK€±ŽŽ‘ffŸêvf„‰šff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’e{ÏŸñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸœJ»whose–¦fcoMÞding“(due“to“W.“ë|Icking»)“is;ŽŸ¤Z‘8>ë~\Notes\ibl0h0\qb0{hhh}\tbl0\qb0h\bsk\bsk\bsk\bskŽ¡‘=¶:\ibu0j0\qb0{jjj}\tbu0\qb0j\enŽ¡‘8>\NOTes\loffset{0.5}{\ibl0j9}\roffset{0.5}{\tbl0}\zhl‘¿ªh%Ž¡‘=¶:\loffset{0.5}{\ibu0g9}\roffset{0.5}{\tbu0}\hu‘¿ªj\en\barŽ¡‘8>\notes\ibbl0i0\qb0{hhh}\tbl0\qb0h\bsk\bsk\bsk\bskŽ¡‘=¶:\ibbu0i0\qb0{jjj}\tbu0\qb0j%Ž¡‘=¶:\ibbl0i0\qb0{hhh}\tbl0\qb0h\bsk\bsk\bsk\bskŽ¡‘=¶:\ibbu0i0\qb0{jjj}\tbu0\qb0j\enŽ¡‘8>\NOTes\loffset{0.5}{\ibbl0k9}\roffset{0.5}{\tbl0}\zhl‘¿ªh%Ž¡‘=¶:\loffset{0.5}{\ibbu0f9}\roffset{0.5}{\tbu0}\hu‘¿ªj\enŽŸ à‰ffµ/4Ÿ LÍ‘ {ºŸü-=ëm9ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿Y‘ÿ:«ou–àÃare“suggested“to“makš¾9e“y˜our“o˜wn“macro“if“y˜ou“ha˜v˜e“to“t˜ypAÇe“man˜y“of“these,‘ëGor“bAÇetter:‘'use“a“pre-compiler.ŽŸ ‘ÑŸü-=ëm10ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿But–Tyš¾9ou“can“write“y˜our“o˜wn“macro,“thinking“of“using“ëƒ\transpose“¿to“lift“the“oblique“bAÇeams.ŽŽŽŒ‹4¼ × ý%ÿìëv2.6.‘„CBEAMS’xí»29ŽŽ Á ýbÿìÅ2.6.3Ž‘)@Beams–€across“barsŽŸpe»The–àvusual“w•²!a“y–àvmost“compšMÞosers“wrote“their“scores“w²!as“b˜eams“inside“bars,‘.ùat“least“un²!til“theޤ ™šbšMÞeginning–sÚof“the“XIX-th“cen²!tury–ÿe.‘ÍUnfortunately“,‘}ölater–sÚcomp˜osers“(ë|Brahms»,–}öë|Scriabin»,“ë|Grieg»,Ž¡etc.)›°3w•²!an“ted–ìƒto“write“bMÞeams“jumping“across“bars.˜This“is“pMÞossible“without“an²!y“problems.˜W‘ÿeeŽ¡givš²!e–¦fan“example“from“ë|Brahms»'s“In˜termezzo“op.“118,1“pro˜vided“b˜y“Miguel“ë|Filgueiras»:ŽŸzéÜŸÉŽŽŽ‘.âeŸÉÕ€¨Ž‘.âeŸÝ33‰ffg2þ¤‰ffg2þ¡‰ffg2þ¡‰ffg2þ¡‰ffg2þŽŽ‘.âeŸ¡33‰ffg2þ¤‰ffg2þ¡‰ffg2þ¡‰ffg2þ¡‰ffg2þŽŽ‘.âeŸñ33„P33ffŽŽ‘.âeŸâÒIŽŽŽ‘.âeŸ°GŽŽŽ‘@âbŸçRŽŽŽŽ‘@âbŸ«RŽŽŽŽ‘UâdŸñ>ŽŽŽ‘TbeŸœ33„ffÿþ‘÷Ÿû„ffÿþ‘ø€žÌÍŽ‘ø€Ÿ"Æg„"ùšff™šŸî†fŽŽ‘mâ`Ÿñ33„P33ffŽŽ‘wÈÆŸö33„ffÿþ‘÷Ÿ„ffÿþ–þLÍ£ÌÍ„&¿¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ› LÌŸû33„ffÿþ“¡„#Œwff‘ùÌÎŽ–™—Ÿó€„ÙDff‘ùÌÎŽ“Ÿû„¦ff‘ùÌÎŽ˜Ÿó³3„ffÿþ‘þLÍ¡„ òÝff‘ùÌÎŽ“Ÿ 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T\nextstaff\qb0{chj}\tbl0\qb0l\cl{q}\ds\enotesŽ¡\NOtes\qp\nextstaff\zq{q}\ql{j}\enotesŽ¡\endextractަ»Still–eto“bMÞe“done“manš²!ually“is“the“cut“and“prolongation“across“line“breaks,‘r%whic˜h“can“bšMÞe“easily“b˜eŽ¡done–¡1with“shifting“using“ë~\roffŽ‘$´»and/or“ë~\loffŽ‘ _ƒ»,‘¢Ÿý€„ÖÕff‘ùÌÎŽ‘)rŸ¬„ÿ¬ff™šŸìTŽ™œŸü@€²Ž‘\¥Ÿûu€²ŽŽ™œ€²Ž‘\¥Ÿÿ5€²ŽŽ“ŸûɃ„I/ff™šŸè¶ÑŽŽ‘ožŸŸñ33„33ffŽŽ‘|–Ÿì„?¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ– ¤¤ý€„Úêff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ñޤŸò@T€Ž‘ý×ßðh€ŽŽ“¡„v(ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘×ÄŸ?¬„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽ“Ÿ‚½„Âiff™šŸì=—Ž‘ñޤŸü}C€ÛŽ‘þ öžœX€ÛŽŽ“Ÿ‚¾„Å'ff™šŸð:ÙŽŽ’ÐQZŸî€„¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ–ö>Ÿý€„¾Sff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ö<öŸïÀT€­Ž‘ù)qŸî”ð€­ŽŽ‘ö<öŸìT€­Ž‘ù)qŸêÔð€­ŽŽ“Ÿø€„üûff‘ùÌÎŽ‘)rŸ¬„¬ff™šŸä€TŽ“¤¾¨„>Tff™šŸêÁ¬Ž‘ö<öŸøX€íŽ‘ù\¤ŸùÁ7€íŽŽ‘ö<öŸüAX€íŽ‘ù\¤Ÿý7€íŽŽ“¡„üüff™šŸìŽŽ’°fŸñ33„33ffŽŽ’!]Ÿì„?¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ– ¤Ÿý€„skff‘ùÌÎŽ“Ÿû„ '*ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ヮŸ÷@T€„Ž‘í×ßö¼ €„ŽŽ“Ÿ„Úêff‘ùÌÎŽ‘×ÄŸ ?¬„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽ“¤g„'+ff™šŸðØÕŽ“¡„ ªff™šŸöñVŽ‘ãƒ®Ÿý1€ÊŽ‘î öŸþ>‰€ÊŽŽ“¡„v)ff™šŸð‰×ŽŽ’y Ÿî€„ÿ¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ–ö>Ÿý€„Øff‘ùÌÎŽ“„ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ìàRŸò@T€ÃŽ‘ù)qŸòÝ•€ÃŽŽ‘ìàRŸî€T€ÃŽ‘ù)qŸï•€ÃŽŽ“Ÿ„.ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘)rŸ¬„ÿ¬ff™šŸìTŽ“£wÕ„wff™šŸðˆŽ“¡„ oVff™šŸòªŽ‘ìàRŸûPV€ÃŽ‘ù\¤Ÿûð'€ÃŽŽ‘ìàRŸÿV€ÃŽ‘ù\¤ž°'€ÃŽŽ“¡„ç+ff™šŸíÕŽŽ’Ä‘aŸñ33„33ffŽŽŽ¦»whic•²!h›¦fw“as˜simply˜coMÞded˜as:ŽŸ>‘8>ë~\Notes\Dqbu–¿ªgh\Dqbl“jh\enŽ¡‘8>\notes\Dqbbu–¿ªfg\Dqbbl“hk\en\barŽ¡‘8>\Notes\Tqbu–¿ªghi\Tqbl“mmj\enŽ¡‘8>\notes\Tqbbu–¿ªfgj\Tqbbl“njh\en\barŽ¡‘8>\Notes\Qqbu–¿ªghjh\Qqbl“jifh\enŽ¡‘8>\notes\Qqbbu–¿ªfgge\Qqbbl“jhgi\enŽŸ$/Ç2.7Ž‘$æcRestsŽŸ«Ý»Except–¦fthat“di erence“that“they“ha•²!v“e–¦fno“spšMÞeci c“pitc²!h,“rests“are“co˜ded“in“a“vš²!ery“simple“w˜a˜y‘ÿe.ŽŸÒsÅ2.7.1Ž‘)@Ordinary‘€restsŽŸæQ»F‘ÿeull–ßtbar“rests“(also“called“\pauses")“are“cošMÞded“as“ë~\pauseŽ‘']p»,‘-·with“a“p˜oin²!t“b˜ehind“as“ë~\pausepŽ‘-»;Ž¡smaller–žûrests“are“ë~\hpauseŽ‘/{œ»(of“duration“equal“to“a“ëvhalf“note‘»),‘ wwith“a“pšMÞoin²!t“b˜ehind“as“ë~\hpausepŽ‘1œK»,Ž¡ë~\qpŽ‘ »(duration–Ý equal“to“a“ëvquarter“note‘»,›êµalso“ë~\soupirŽ‘,±»),˜ë~\dsŽ‘¾»(duration“equal“to“an“ëveigh²!th“note‘»),Ž¡ë~\qsŽ‘š»(duration–ƒœequal“to“an“ëvsixteenš²!th“note‘»),‘Š‘ë~\hsŽ‘M+»(duration“equal“to“an“ëvthirt˜y“second“note‘»),‘Š‘ë~\qqsŽŽ¡»(duration–¦fequal“to“an“ëvsixt²!y“fourth“note‘»).ަ‘Long–"rests“(lasting“sev²!eral“bars)“can“bšMÞe“co˜ded“as“ë~\PAuseŽ‘+€@»and“ë~\PAUSeŽ‘&ÿ»,‘·Ñwhic²!h“resp˜ectiv²!elyŽ¡yield:ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’¥µ…ŸÝ33‰ffyŒ¾¤‰ffyŒ¾¡‰ffyŒ¾¡‰ffyŒ¾¡‰ffyŒ¾ŽŽ’¥µ…Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’¥µ…ŸìÒGŽŽŽŸæ£×’¹ˆµÇ4ŽŸ ’¹ˆµ4ŽŽŽŽŽ’òu}Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’ÕH³ŸñÒ:ŽŽŽ’ÛÝŸñ33„33ffŽŽ’ Ÿñ;ŽŽŽŽŸÒsÅ2.7.2Ž‘)@Lifted‘€restsŽŸæQ»All–­¹the“previous“rests“with“exception“of“ë~\pausepŽ‘/™»(pause“with“a“pMÞoin²!t)“and“ë~\hpausepŽ‘5X»(half“restŽ¡with–ýa“pMÞoinš²!t)“are“ëvh˜bMÞo˜xess‚»;‘:Ëthis“means“that“they“can“bMÞe“v˜ertically“o set“to“meet“pMÞolyphonic“m˜usicŽ¡requiremen²!ts–¦fusing“the“standard“T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“command“ë~\raiseŽ‘&$b».‘ÝÝF‘ÿeor“example:ŽŽŽŒ‹[Š × ý%ÿìëv2.7.‘„CRESTS’|á]»31ŽŽ Á ýbÿì‘ ÷èë~\raise‘¿ª2\Interligne\qpޤ ™š‘ ÷è\raise‘¿ª3mm\qqŽ¡Ÿê¶ó†ŽM§ ó3 cmbxsl10ë†CA¦tUTION:–Óõëvdo“not“try“to“lift“rests“(or“notes“but“this“lošMÞoks“so“silly“that...)‘f‰using“co˜dingsŽ¡likš²!e–:ë~\raise2mm\hboxŽ‘¾R{\qp}ëv.‘ XThe“reason“is“that“the“rest“sym˜bMÞol“(e.g.‘ Xë~\qpëv)“is“em˜bMÞedded“inŽ¡braces,‘]Óso–9$that“lošMÞcal“coun²!ting“of“spaces“(register“ë~\loc@skipëv)“will“b˜e“lost,‘]Óresulting“in“turn“inŽ¡o•²!v“erfull/undfull‘¬²bšMÞo“xes,–Þ£b˜eam›¬²errors,“erratif˜slurring,“etc.‘Š¡In˜general,“all˜rests˜and˜all˜notes˜shouldŽ¡b•MÞe›ʳco“ded˜at˜the˜brace˜lev²!el˜of˜the˜ë~\notes˜ëvcommand,‘ÓÆunless˜they˜are˜delib“erately˜em²!b“edded˜inŽ¡ë~\rlapŽ‘›†ëvor‘Ý4ë~\llapŽ‘"xºëvwhicš²!h–Ý4actually“o˜v˜erloMÞok“spacing“coun˜ting“but“ nally“force“no“horizon˜tal“spacing,Ž¡a–¦fbMÞehaš²!viour“whic˜h“compMÞensates“the“forgotten“spacing“coun˜t.ŽŸ-á‘»In›sáaddition,‘}ût•²!w“o˜sym“bMÞols˜ha“v“e˜bMÞeen˜pro“vided˜to˜put˜a˜ëvfull˜rest–°á»or˜a˜ëvhalf˜rest“»abMÞo•²!v“e˜or˜bMÞelo“wŽ¡the–®¤sta .‘ö—Then“the“ordinary“ë~\pause“»or“ë~\hpause“»cannot“bMÞe“used“since“there“is“a“need“for“smallŽ¡horizonš²!tal–¦fline“to“distinguish“bMÞet˜w˜een“the“full“and“the“half“rest.‘ÝÝThey“are:ŽŸVo‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\liftpauseŽ‘Zëyn–]1»(non“spacing)“to“get“a“ŸûÒ ŽŽ‘ºb»raised“from“original“pMÞosition“b²!y“ëyn“»sta “lineŽ¡‘8>in²!terv‘ÿdDals,ŽŸê¶‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\lifthpauseŽ‘^òëyn–¦f»(non“spacing)“to“get“ŸûÒ ŽŽ‘LÌ»raised“the“same“w•²!a“y‘ÿe.ŽŸ)XÊÅ2.7.3Ž‘)@Bar–€cen tered“restsŽŸ½v»Sometimes–g0it“is“necessary“to“place“a“rest“(or“other)“exactly“in“the“middle“of“a“bar.‘ üg»,‘ –ë~\centerPAUSeŽ–IŽ»,‘ –ë~\centerPAuseŽ“»,Ž¡ë~\centerpauseŽ‘Dûø»,‘¦fë~\centerhpauseŽ‘Nb».‘ÝÝF‘ÿeor‘¦fexample:ŽŸbnïŸÐ€Õ€ ŽŸÝ33‰ffÄ÷Ǥ‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷ÇŽŽŸ°33‰ffÄ÷Ǥ‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷ÇŽŽŸñ33„A33ffŽŽŸÐ€ŽŽŽŸâÒIŽŽŽŸ¿GŽŽŽ‘.ŸçSŽŽŽŽ‘.ŸºSŽŽŽŽ‘$FBŸÉ33„ffÿþ‘þLÍžÌÍ„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ–ëÆ¤û„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ‘úŸ ùš„yšff™šŸî†fŽŽ‘wñŸñ33„A33ffŽŽ‘DºÃŸâ=ŽŽŽŽ‘~;hŸÈùš„yšff™šŸî†fŽ‘¸’Ÿöf„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ëÆŸ„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ žûŸ33„ffÿþ‘þLÍžÌÍ„yšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’Ï„Ÿñ33„A33ffŽŽ’£¯ëŸâ=ŽŽŽŽ’Õ0ŸØ33„ffÿþ‘ø€Ÿ Í„@ff™š-Ž™šŸïÀŽ–×;¤€„@ff™š-Ž™šŸïÀŽ“¡„@ff™š-Ž™šŸïÀŽ“¡„@ff™š-Ž™šŸïÀŽ“¡„@ff™š-Ž™šŸïÀŽ“¡„@ff™š-Ž™šŸïÀŽ“¡„@ff™š-Ž™šŸïÀŽ‘¤Ÿò@„@ff™š(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽ’P—Ÿñ33„A33ffŽŽ’w>Ÿµ=ŽŽŽŽ’WÊŸðùš„yšff™šŸî†fŽ‘€RŸç9™„ffÿþ‘ø€ŸFg„yšff™šŸî†fŽŽ’Š—|Ÿñ33„A33ffŽŽ’nðŸµ=ŽŽŽŽ’Ä‘aŸñ33„A33ffŽŽ’§úÕŸñNŽŽ’§úÕŸÄNŽŽŽŸ$~ýë~\generalmeter\meterCŽ¡\setclef1\bassŽ¡\setstaffs1{2}Ž¡\parindent0ptŽ¡\startpiece\addspace\afterruleskipŽ¡\NOtes|\qa{cegj}\enŽ¡\def\atnextbar{\znotes\centerpause\en}\barŽ¡\NOtes|\qa{jgec}\enŽ¡\def\atnextbar{\znotes\centerpause\en}\barŽ¡\Notes\ca{`jihgfedc}\enŽ¡\def\atnextbar{\znotes|\centerpause\en}\barŽ¡\NOTes\ha{Nc}\enŽ¡\def\atnextbar{\znotes|\centerpause\en}\barŽ¡\addspace{10\elemskip}%Ž¡\def\atnextbar{\znotes\centerbar{\duevolte}|\centerbar{\duevolte}\en}\endpieceŽŽŽŒ‹ n¬ × ý%ÿì»32’’óëvCHAPTER–¦f2.‘„CPRA²!CTICAL“USEŽŽ Á ýbÿìÇ2.8Ž‘$æcPhanŒÌtom–ffnotes“and“spacing“commandsŽŸлIt–ìCmaš²!y“bMÞe“in˜teresting,‘}when“coMÞding“a“sequence“of“notes“within“a“unique“pair“ë~\notes...\enotes»,ޤ ™što–/Ÿskip“one“note“place“in“order“{“for“example“{“to“set“the“third“note“of“one“sta “at“the“sameŽ¡abscissa–as“that“of“the“second“note“of“another“sta .‘\This“can“bMÞe“done“bš²!y“inserting“ë~\skŽ‘N»whic˜hŽ¡causes–Q±a“spacing“of“one“ë~\noteskipŽ‘7«Ÿü¾¼11ŽŽ‘@³».‘Á¡Sometimes“it“is“useful“to“ëvskip“bac²!k‘ûµ»one“noteskip,‘b¢this“canŽ¡bšMÞe–¦fdone“with“ë~\bskŽ‘¥».‘ÝÝThe“spacing“of“a“half“ë~\noteskip“»can“b˜e“yielded“with“ë~\hskŽ‘¥».ŽŸAß‘If–›Ïyš²!ou“just“w˜an˜t“to“shift“a“note“or“a“sym˜bMÞol“b˜y“one“note“head“width,‘(y˜ou“ma˜y“writeŽ¡ë~\roffŽ‘¾R{ëvnote/symš²!bMÞolnRë~}–¨»(shift“righ˜t)“or“ë~\loffŽ‘ fÑ{ëvnote/sym˜bMÞolnRë~}“»(shift“left).‘ä)If“y˜ou“just“w˜an˜t“to“shiftŽ¡a–Rònote“or“a“symš²!bMÞol“b˜y“one“half“note“head“width,‘~y˜ou“ma˜y“write“ë~\hroffŽ‘&Ðî{ëvnote/sym˜bMÞolnRë~}“»(shiftŽ¡righš²!t)–¦for“ë~\hloffŽ‘&$b{ëvnote/sym˜bMÞolnRë~}“»(shift“left).‘ÝÝF‘ÿeor“example,“to“getŽŸ5¼ÌŸçŽŽŽ’ºH·ŸÝ33‰ffPfZ¤‰ffPfZ¡‰ffPfZ¡‰ffPfZ¡‰ffPfZŽŽ’ºH·Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’ºH·ŸìÒGŽŽŽ’ÚH³Ÿì Ž’Ú€Ÿì„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ–™—¤ý€„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’ H«Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸAß‘»y²!ou‘¦fcoMÞde:ޤ’j‘8>ë~\Notes\roff{\zwh–¿ªg}\qu“g\qu“h\qu“i\enotesŽ¡‘»If– yš²!ou“w˜an˜t“to“shift“notes“or“sym˜bMÞols“b˜y“more“or“less“than“one“note“head“width,‘%mthen“y˜ouޤ ™šcan–Ÿuse“ë~\roffsetŽ‘7;†»whicš²!h“has“an“additional“ rst“argumen˜t“whic˜h“is“the“n˜um˜bMÞer“of“note“headŽ¡widths–¦fthe“second“argumenš²!t“should“bMÞe“shifted“b˜y–ÿe.‘ÝÝF“or‘¦fexampleŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’ºH·ŸÝ33‰ffPfZ¤‰ffPfZ¡‰ffPfZ¡‰ffPfZ¡‰ffPfZŽŽ’ºH·Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’ºH·ŸìÒGŽŽŽ’ÝH²Ÿì Ž’Ú€Ÿì„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ–™—¤ý€„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’ H«Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸAß‘»w²!as‘¦fcoMÞded:ޤ’j‘8>ë~\Notes\roffset{1.5}{\zwh–¿ªg}\qu“g\qu“h\qu“i\enotesŽ¡ëvIMPOR–ÿeT“ANT:–8the“o set“spšMÞeci ed“or“implicitly“sp˜eci ed“in“ë~\roffëv,–¼+ë~\loffëv,“ë~\roffset‘8ëvandޤ ™šë~loffset–áÓëvdoMÞes“not“add“to“the“total“spacing“amounš²!t;‘ÿŠin“other“w˜ords“this“is“just“an“o set,‘ð®not“aŽ¡spacing.‘vØCon•²!v“ersely‘ÿe,‘¯&the–qVpMÞossible“spacing“of“commands“included“in“the“argumen²!t“of“ë~\roffëv/ë~\loffŽ¡ëvand–úrin“the“second“argumen²!t“of“ë~\roffsetëv/ë~\loffset“ëvactually“adds“to“the“total“spacing“in“thatŽ¡bar–blof“the“currenš²!t“sta .‘Ç5Therefore,‘pthe“sym˜bMÞol/note“argumen˜t“of“these“o set“commands“shouldŽ¡usually–¦fprošMÞduce“no“spacing,“i.e.‘ÝÝb˜egin“with“ë~\zëv.Ž©Aß‘Besides,‘¥"it–¤Ñis“not“advised“to“insert“sevš²!eral“consecutiv˜e“spacing“notes“in“the“ë~\roffëv/ë~\loff“ëvorŽ¡ë~\roffsetëv/ë~\loffset–¦fëvargumenš²!ts,“since“it“could“mess“up“the“global“spacing“accoun˜ting.ަ‘»T‘ÿeo–?ýinsert“spacing“of“ëvnearly‘0»one“ëvnote“head“width»,‘Tyyš²!ou“can“use“ë~\qskŽ‘>¥»(whic˜h“has“the“dra˜wbac˜k,Ž¡that–Npit“is“scalable,‘xrso“what“spacing“y²!ou“really“get“depMÞends“on“the“computed“ë~\elemskip“»fromŽ¡ë~musixflx–J‹»and“the“user“c²!hosen“v‘ÿdDalue“of“ë~\elemskip»).‘¿?The“half“of“this“spacing“can“bMÞe“forced“withŽ¡ë~\hqskŽ‘¾R».‘ÝÝNote–¦fthat“these“t•²!w“o–¦flatter“macros“m²!ust“bMÞe“used“inside“a“pair“ë~\notes...\enotes».ަ‘If–ͤyš²!ou“w˜an˜t“to“insert“additional“spacing“bšMÞefore“a“group“of“notes,‘øþesp˜ecially“to“a•²!v“oid–ͤa“collisionŽ¡with–:³an“acciden•²!tal,‘P=y“ou–:³can“write“ë~\nspaceŽ‘.³ »|“outside“the“ë~\notes...\enotes“»group“|“and“thisŽ¡will–$äproMÞduces“an“additional“spacing“of“a“half“note“head“width;‘d#in“the“same“w•²!a“y‘ÿe,‘Dƒë~\qspaceŽ‘0§ »willŽ¡yield–|Ða“spacing“of“a“note“head“width.‘aNote“that“ë~\nspace“»and“ë~\qspace“»are“\hard"“spacings,Ž¡whose–¦fgeneral“feature“is“ë~\hardspace»,“describšMÞed“b˜elo²!w.ަ‘Sometimes–pJthe“additional“space“bMÞehind“ë~\changecontextŽ‘Y[à»disturbs“the“eyš²!e“of“a“t˜ypMÞesetter,Ž¡but–¦fthis“ugly“spacing“can“bMÞe“reduced“with:ŽŸØ‰ffµ/4Ÿ L͑џü-=ëm11ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿Nev¾9er–Æšuse“ëƒ\kernŽ‘-"¿nor“ëƒ\hskipŽ‘#渿:‘~üin“fact“ëƒ\skŽ‘¹ö¿not“only“causes“a“space“but“also“records“that“space“for“correctŽŸ handling–Tof“bšAÇeams,“slurs,“trills,“o˜cta¾9viation“dashed“lines,“line-breaking,“etc.ŽŽŽŒ‹!| × ý%ÿìëv2.9.‘„CCOLLECTIVE–¦fCODING:“SEQUENCES“OF“NOTES’Ÿ»33ŽŽ Á ýbÿì‘ë~\addspaceŽ‘D¼ú{-\afterruleskipŽ‘P{L}%Ž©Ͷ‘»It–!Sshould“bMÞe“emphasized“that“all“these“spacing“commands“w²!ork“correctly‘ÿe,‘@only“when“theirޤ ™šdimension–ßargumen²!ts“are“ëvscalable“v‘ÿdDalues‘a»and“not“ xed“dimensions;‘—athe“scalable“dimensions“areŽ¡ë~\elemskipŽ‘3¼ú»,‘¦fë~\beforeruleskipŽ‘Yá\»,‘¦fë~\afterruleskipŽ‘T!²»,‘¦fë~\noteskipŽ‘; Æ»and–¦ftheir“m²!ultiples.ަ‘The–Ø.only“spacing“command“whicš²!h“can“w˜ork“with“\normal"“(that“is,‘lëvnot“scalable‘»)“dimensionsŽ¡is:ަ‘ë~\hardspaceŽ‘J|¤{ëvan²!y–¦fT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“dimensionë~}%ަ»but–¦fbšMÞoth“ë~\addspace“»and“ë~\hardspace“»can“only“b˜e“used“outside“of“ë~\notes...\enotes».ަ‘Con•²!v“ersely‘ÿe,›™a–•©more“general“spacing“is“allo•²!w“ed–•©within“the“ë~\notes...\enotes“»pairs,˜namely:ަ‘ë~\offŽ‘'þ¨{ëyDMÞë~}%ަ»where–ÀòëyD‘лis“a“ëvscalable“dimension»,›Ç•for“example“ë~\noteskip“»or“ë~\elemskip».‘-In“fact,˜if“y²!ou“loMÞok“toŽ¡the–‹YMusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“source,‘Âyš²!ou“will“ nd“that“ë~\off“»is“the“basic“con˜trol“sequence“used“to“de ne“ë~\skŽ‘ÊW»,Ž¡ë~\qskŽ‘þ¨»,‘¦fetc.ŽŸ&ª Ç2.9Ž‘$æcCollectivŒÌe–ffcos3ding:‘32sequences“of“notesŽŸÖÉ»As–Þ{seen“in“the“ë|Mozar‘ÿEt“»example,‘ 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at),›Ѷthe“sym²!bMÞol“ë~=“»(natural),˜the“sym²!bMÞol“ë~>“»(double“sharp),˜or“the“sym²!bMÞol“ë~<“»(double“ at)Ž¡within–zthe“coMÞding“of“the“note,‘‚ôe.g.:‘Ƕë~\qb{^g}“»yields“a“ëyG]».‘ÏThis“maš²!y“v˜ery“w˜ell“bMÞe“com˜bined“withŽ¡collectiv²!e–¦fcoMÞding,“e.g.:‘ÝÝë~\qu{ac^d}».ަ‘Twš²!o–ªÚsizes“are“a˜v‘ÿdDailable“for“acciden˜tals.‘ë:They“rev˜ert“to“the“small“v˜ersion“when“notes“areŽ¡suppšMÞosed–S“to“b˜e“to˜o“close“to“eacš²!h“other.‘ åcThese“t˜w˜o“sizes“can“bMÞe“forces“b˜y“coMÞding“ë~\bigflŽ‘'Ñ»,ŽŸ ¥Ä‰ffµ/4Ÿ L͑џü-=ëm12ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿Although–Tthe“compiler“compiles“it“faster.ŽŸ ‘ÑŸü-=ëm13ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿same–TbAÇeha¾9viour“as“ëƒ\skŽŽŽŒ‹"› × ý%ÿì»34’’óëvCHAPTER–¦f2.‘„CPRA²!CTICAL“USEŽŽ Á ýbÿìë~\bigshŽ‘"}ü»,–Ðetc.,“or‘ÇÄë~\smallflŽ‘1Å»,“ë~\smallshŽ‘1Íl»,“etc.‘A÷If–ÇÄone“doMÞes“not“w•²!an“t–ÇÄto“ha•²!v“e›ÇÄan“y˜small˜acciden“tals,ޤ ™šthen–èone“can“declare“ë~\bigaccidŽ›; »(con•²!v“ersely‘èë~\smallaccidŽ‘G 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d¸»,–¦fwhicš²!h“giv˜e:ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’™H¼ŸÝ33‰ff’fO¤‰ff’fO¡‰ff’fO¡‰ff’fO¡‰ff’fOŽŽ’™H¼Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’™H¼ŸìÒGŽŽŽ’¬ûíŸì\Ž’¹…Ÿì„yšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’ÄûéŸé€ZŽ’ÑŸé€„yšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’ÜûåŸç^Ž’ãH±Ÿøyš„yšff™šŸî†fŽŽ’òŸä€[Ž’ûH­Ÿõùš„yšff™šŸî†fŽŽ’ ûÝŸâ]Ž’H©Ÿóyš„yšff™šŸî†fŽŽ’+H¥Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽ¦»Besides,–¦fthe“distance“bMÞet•²!w“een–¦fnote“and“accidenš²!tal“is“in uenced“b˜yަ‘ë~\accshiftŽ‘D¼ú=ëvan²!y–¦fT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“dimensionަ»pMÞositivš²!e–¦fv‘ÿdDalues“shift“to“left,“negativ˜e“to“righ˜t,“default“is“ë~0pt».ŽŸ0~Ç2.11Ž‘,ÿüT‘þ¦franspšs3osition–ffand“o˜ctaŒÌviationŽŸ.2»An–Û{impšMÞortan²!t“feature“is“the“existence“of“a“sp˜ecial“register“ë~\transposeŽ‘?3š»the“normal“v‘ÿdDalue“of“whic²!hŽ¡is–¦f0.‘ÝÝIf“yš²!ou“sa˜yަ‘ë~\transpose=3ަ»all–·¿subsequenš²!t“pitc˜hes“spMÞeci ed“b˜y“uppMÞer“or“lo˜w˜er“case“lettersŸü¾¼14ŽŽ‘ ·Ç»will“bšMÞe“transp˜osed“3“p˜ositions.Ž¡If–yš²!ou“set“ë~\transposeŽ‘A°ª»to“7“y˜ou“ma˜y“write“y˜our“m˜usic“one“oMÞcta˜v˜e“bMÞelo˜w“its“ nal“pitc˜h.‘8µTh˜us,Ž¡yš²!ou–¦fcan“de ne“ëvoMÞcta˜viation“»macros“lik˜eަ‘ë~\def\soqu#1{\zq{#1}{\transpose=7‘¿ª\qu{#1}}}ަ»to–o(build“quarter“note“ošMÞcta•²!v“es–o(in“a“single“call.‘8#Note“that“the“o˜cta²!viated“note“is“co˜ded“withinŽ¡braces–¦fso“that“the“transpšMÞosition“is“only“lo˜cal.ަ‘ëvOcta²!viation–’n»can“also“bšMÞe“p˜erformed“in“another“w•²!a“y‘ÿe,‘–mnamely–’nusing“sp˜ecial“co˜des“to“transp˜oseŽ¡b•²!y› ±m“ultiples˜of˜7˜in“terv–ÿdDals.‘ ¿F‘ÿeor˜example˜ë~\qu{'ab}˜»is˜equiv“alen²!t˜to˜ë~\qu{hi}˜»and˜ë~\qu{`kl}Ž¡»is–}equiv‘ÿdDalenš²!t“to“ë~\qu{de}».‘aéIt“should“bMÞe“emphasized“here“that“the“ë~'“»(ëvacute“accen˜t=»)“and“the“ë~`Ž¡»(ëvgra•²!v“e›û1accen“t=»)˜ha“v“e˜cum“ulativ“e˜e ects,‘dso˜that˜ë~\qu{''A'A}˜»is˜equiv‘ÿdDalen“t˜to˜ë~\qu{ah}˜»and˜thatŽ¡the–;ë~\transpose“»parameter“is“only“reset“to“its“initial“v‘ÿdDalue“(not“necessarily“zero)“when“c²!hangingŽ¡sta –¤(or“instrumen²!t“(i.e.›×$ë~|“»or“ë~&»)“or“at“ë~\enotes».˜Since“this“ma²!y“bMÞe“confusing,‘ã˜it“is“useful“toŽ¡use–æ°the“ë~!“»pre x“to“reset“the“ë~\transpose“»register“explicitely“to“the“v‘ÿdDalue“it“had“when“en²!teringŽ¡ë~\notesŸü¾¼15ŽŽ‘ ».‘“ˆThš²!us–Çeë~\qu{!a'a}“»alw˜a˜ys“giv˜es“the“note“ë~a“»and“its“uppšMÞer“o˜cta•²!v“e–Çeë~h“ëvshifted“b²!y“the“v‘ÿdDalue“ofŽ¡ë~\transpose–°ëvat“the“bMÞeginning“of“the“curren²!t‘íë~\notes...\enotes“»group“(or“ë~\Notes...\enotes»,Ž¡etc.)‘ÝÝwhatevš²!er–¦fthe“n˜um˜bMÞer“of“previous“gra˜v˜e“and“acute“accen˜ts“oMÞccurring“in˜bMÞet˜w˜een.ŽŸÔ½‰ffµ/4Ÿ L͑џü-=ëm14ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿Pitc¾9hes–TspšAÇeci ed“with“ gures“are“absolute“and“not“transp˜osed.ŽŸ ‘ÑŸü-=ëm15ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿This–Tv‘ÿ|ralue“is“sa•¾9v“ed–Tin“another“register“named“ëƒ\normaltransposeŽ‘N®´¿.ŽŽŽŒ‹#Ï × ý%ÿìëv2.11.‘„CTRANSPOSITION–¦fAND“OCT–ÿeA‘þȈVIA“TION’ÏZd»35ŽŽ Á ýbÿìÅ2.11.1Ž‘0Tš ypical–€piano“o`cta˜v˜e“transp`ositionŽŸ4Rë}2.11.1.1Ž‘6‘/Lo•Y‹cal›2o“cta•¦tv“e˜transpY‹osition˜of˜ xed˜lengthŽŸ<3vŸçŽŽŽ’H¾ŸÝ33‰ffªfK¤‰ffªfK¡‰ffªfK¡‰ffªfK¡‰ffªfKŽŽ’H¾Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’H¾ŸìÒGŽŽŽ’§H»ŸØó F C– cmbxti10Ë8ÕŽ–ޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޑ ŽŽ’¥È¼Ÿö33„ffÿþ‘÷Ÿ„ffÿþ–þLÍ£ÌÍ„ff‘ùÌÎÒŽ›LÉŸû33„ffÿþ“ŸLÍ„€ff‘ùÌÎŽ˜Ÿý³3„ffÿþ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ‘#™”Ÿý€„yšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’7H£Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸ!í»can–¦fbšMÞe“co˜ded“asŽ©ª@‘8>ë~\startextractޤ ™š‘8>\NOTEs\octfinup{10}{3.5}\qu–¿ªa\qu“b\qu“c\qu“d\enŽ¡‘8>\endextractަ»that–is,›nAthe“dashed“line“extends“3.5ëzë~\noteskip».‘ #ìCon•²!v“ersely‘ÿe,˜lo“w“er›oMÞcta“viation˜can˜also˜bMÞeŽ¡coMÞded,–¦ffor“example:ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’ŸH»ŸÝ33‰ff†fQ¤‰ff†fQ¡‰ff†fQ¡‰ff†fQ¡‰ff†fQŽŽ’ŸH»Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’ŸH»ŸìÒGŽŽŽ’¹H¸Ÿý€Ë8>õÕŽ–>öޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޑ>뎎’¹H¸Ÿõùš„yšff™šŸî†fÒŽ–#™”Ÿ€„yšff™šŸî†fŽ“Ÿ„‰šff™šŸïvfŽŽ’%H¦Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸ!í»whic²!h–¦fis“coMÞded“asަ‘8>ë~\startextractŽ¡‘8>\NOTEs\octfindown{-5}{2.6}\ql–¿ªj\ql“i\ql“h\enŽ¡‘8>\endextractަ»If–Õa“more“sophisticated“pšMÞosting“is“w•²!an“ted,‘þúthis–Õcan“b˜e“ac•²!hiev“ed–Õrefe ning“the“macro“ë~\octnumberŽ‘ë~\startextractŽ¡‘8>\NOTEs\def\octnumber{\ppffsixteen8$^{va}$}\octfinup{10}3\qu–¿ªc\qu“d\qu“e\enŽ¡‘8>\endextractަ»orŽŸ3ŸçŽŽŽ’ŸH»ŸÝ33‰ff†fQ¤‰ff†fQ¡‰ff†fQ¡‰ff†fQ¡‰ff†fQŽŽ’ŸH»Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’ŸH»ŸìÒGŽŽŽ’¹H¸Ÿý€Ë8Ÿü¾ëovI{a‘j¬bassaŽ‘¥aÕŽ–BçŽ“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž‘BÝŽŽ’¹H¸Ÿðùš„yšff™šŸî†fÒŽ–#™”¤€„yšff™šŸî†fŽ“¡„yšff™šŸî†fŽŽ’%H¦Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸ!í»coMÞded‘¦fas:ަ‘8>ë~\startextractŽ¡‘8>\NOTEs\def\octnumber{\ppffsixteen8$^{va\,bassa}$}%Ž¡‘&·’\octfindown{-5}4\ql–¿ªl\ql“k\ql“j\enŽ¡‘8>\endextractŽŸ›ë}2.11.1.2Ž‘6‘/Long–2or“v‘ÿLèariable“range“ošY‹cta•¦tv“e‘2transp˜ositionŽŸ4R»Long–/@range“ošMÞcta•²!v“e–/@transp˜ositions“are“b˜etter“handled“using“ë~\IoctfinupŽ‘>«ä»,‘‘vë~\IoctfindownŽ‘O¼®»andŽ¡ë~\ToctfinŽ‘1£¶»whose–¦fe ect“extends“o•²!v“er–¦fline“breaks.ŽŸ!í‘ë~\Ioctfinup–øŠëynp“»starts“an“ošMÞcta•²!v“e–øŠtransp˜osition“of“reference“n•²!um“b˜er–øŠëyn“»(with“0–èÞëz“ëyn“<Ž¡»6› 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qandŽ¡the–qsense“of“the“terminating“hošMÞok“(note“that“ë~\Ioctfinup“»has“a“ho˜ok“under“the“dashed“line,‘8ÕandŽ¡con•²!v“ersely).ŽŸsr‘F‘ÿeor–fthe“sakš²!e“of“bac˜kw˜ard“compatibilit˜y‘ÿe,‘Z¦ë~\ioctfinupŽ‘CÚ°»is“equiv‘ÿdDalen˜t“to“ë~\Ioctfinup‘¿ª0“»andŽ¡ë~\ioctfindownŽ‘H¢^»is–¦fequiv‘ÿdDalen²!t“to“ë~\Ioctfindown‘¿ª0».‘ÝÝF‘ÿeor“example:ŽŸiÔÂŸÐ€ŽŽŽ‘¯7ŸÐ€Õ€ Ž‘¯7ŸÝ33‰ff›™Y¤‰ff›™Y¡‰ff›™Y¡‰ff›™Y¡‰ff›™YŽŽ‘¯7Ÿ°33‰ff›™Y¤‰ff›™Y¡‰ff›™Y¡‰ff›™Y¡‰ff›™YŽŽ‘¯7Ÿñ33„A33ffŽŽ‘¯7ŸâÒIŽŽŽ‘¯7Ÿ¿GŽŽŽ‘-/5Ÿö33„ff ý‘õ€Ÿ„ff ý‘÷žÌÍ Ž–€Ÿû„ff ý‘÷ŸLÍ Ž“„ff ý‘÷žÌÍ Ž‘ŸýLÍ Ž‘ÿþŸúÌÍ Ž‘ÿüŸøLÍ ŽŽ‘-/5ŸÉ33„ff ý‘÷žÌÍ Ž‘ŸýLÍ Ž‘ÿþŸúÌÍ Ž‘ÿüŸøLÍ Ž‘&ÿúŸõÌÍ Ž‘2ÿøŸóLÍ ŽŽ‘v¯(Ÿñ33„A33ffŽŽ‘ŽŸì Ž’‹ŒŸé€ Ž’—ŠŸç Ž’£ˆŸä€ Ž’¯†Ÿâ Ž’»„Ÿß€ ŽŽ‘ŽŸº Ž’‹ŒŸ·€ Ž’—ŠŸµ Ž’£ˆŸ²€ Ž’¯†Ÿ° Ž’»„Ÿ­€ ŽŽ’Ç‚Ÿñ33„A33ffŽŽ’Ï{èŸß€ Ž’á{åŸâ Ž’ó{âŸä€ Ž’{ßŸç Ž’{ÜŸé€ Ž’){ÙŸì ŽŽ’Ï{蟭€ Ž’á{埰 Ž’ó{⟲€ Ž’{ߟµ Ž’{ÜŸ·€ Ž’){ÙŸº Ž‘R¯.Ÿ¨€Ë8 îÕŽ– ïŽ“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž“Ž‘ 䎎’;{ÖŸñ33„A33ffŽŽ’Câ<Ÿî€Ò Ž’Uâ9Ÿñ Ž’gâ6Ÿó€ Ž’xb4Ÿö33„ff ý‘÷žÌÍ Ž–€„ff ý‘÷ŸLÍ Ž’þê3`Ÿ ÌÍË8§ÕŽ– Ž“ޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޓޑžŽ“„ff ý‘õ€Ÿ„ff ý‘÷žÌÍÒ ŽŽ’Câ<Ÿ¼€ Ž’Uâ9Ÿ¿ Ž’gâ6ŸÁ€ Ž’yâ3ŸÄ Ž’‹â0ŸÆ€ Ž’œb.ŸÉ33„ff ý‘÷žÌÍ ŽŽ’¯â*Ÿñ33„A33ffŽŽŽŸsr‘»whose–¦fcoMÞding“isŽ©'#‘8>ë~\begin{music}Ž¡‘8>\instrumentnumber{1}Ž¡‘8>\setstaffs12Ž¡‘8>\setclef1{6000}Ž¡‘8>%Ž¡‘8>\startextractŽ¡‘8>\notes\wh{CDEFGH}|\wh{cde}\Ioctfinup‘¿ª1p\wh{fgh}\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barŽ¡‘8>\notes\Ioctfindown‘¿ª2A\wh{IJKLMN}|\wh{ijklmn}\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barŽ¡‘8>\Notes\wh{NMLKJI}|\wh{nmlkji}\Toctfin1\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barŽ¡‘8>\Notes\wh{HGFED}\Toctfin2\wh‘¿ªC|\wh{hgfedc}\enotesŽ¡‘8>\endextractŽ¡‘8>\end{music}ަ‘»The–Øelev‘ÿdDation“of“oMÞctaš²!viation“lines“ma˜y“bMÞe“raised/lo˜w˜ered“using“ë~\LiftoctlineŽ‘L¬ëyn“p“»where“ëynŽ¡»is–ëTthe“reference“n•²!um“bšMÞer–ëTof“the“w•²!an“ted‘ëTo˜ca“v“e–ëTline,‘üand“ëyn“»a“n•²!um“b˜er–ëT(p˜ossibly“negativš²!e)“n˜um˜bMÞerŽ¡of–së~\internote“»bš²!y“whic˜h“the“dashed“line“should“bMÞe“lifted.‘ %This“is“particularly“useful“whenŽ¡oMÞctaš²!viation–]Ãlines“last“sev˜eral“systems“and“need“to“bšMÞe“lifted“in“the“systems“o˜ccuring“farther“thanŽ¡the‘¦finitiation.ŽŸ%/iÅ2.11.2Ž‘0T‘þàransp`osition–€of“acciden talsŽŸS>»The›€ÆabMÞo•²!v“e˜proMÞcesses˜indeed˜c“hange˜the˜v“ertical˜p•MÞosition˜of˜the˜note˜heads˜and˜asso“ciated˜sym²!b“olsŽ¡(note–…¤stems,‘¿eaccenš²!ts“and“bMÞeams)“but“they“do“not“tak˜e“care“of“the“necessary“c˜hanges“of“acciden˜talsŽ¡when–ŠÙtranspšMÞosing,‘\i.e.‘Ô®the“fact“that“an“ëyF‘…V]“»o˜ccurring“with“a“zero“signature“should“b˜ecome“a“ëyB‘Œ¤\Ž¡»when–#transpMÞosing“from“the“tonalit²!y“of“ëyC‘פ»ma››»jor“to“ëyF‘”y»ma˜jor“where“the“normal“ëyB‘›Ç»is“the“ëyB‘Œ¤[».‘«qSinceŽ¡the›)“in•²!ten“t˜of˜the˜compMÞoser˜is˜not˜ob“vious˜{˜he˜ma“y˜w“an“t˜to˜shift˜a˜group˜of˜notes˜within˜theŽ¡same–u¥tonalitš²!y“or“con˜v˜ersely“to“transpMÞose“it“in“another“tonalit˜y“{“this“is“not“done“automatically‘ÿe.Ž¡Thš²!us– the“ë~\shŽ‘L»,‘,ë~\flŽ–k»,‘,ë~\naŽ“»,‘,ë~\dshŽ‘8>»and‘ ë~\dflŽ‘ª»sym˜bMÞols– ëvare“not“a ected‘{Ó»b˜y“a“c˜hange“of“the“ë~\transposeŽŽ¡»register.ŽŸsr‘But–îØthe“comp•MÞoser/tš²!yp“esetter–îØma˜y“ask“MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“to“do“that“w˜ork.‘·4In“this“case,‘õhe“shouldŽŽŽŒ‹%º+ × ý%ÿìëv2.12.‘„CSLURS–¦fAND“TIES’>8Ñ»37ŽŽ Á ýbÿìcošMÞde‘ÊÝë~\relativeaccidŽ‘UF)».‘KBIn–ÊÝthat“case,‘úa“ë~\sh“»command“means“that“the“corresp˜onding“pitc²!hŸü¾¼16ŽŽŽ¤ ™š»has–œÜto“bMÞe“raised“bš²!y“ëvone“half“pitc˜h“»with“respMÞect“to“its“normal“v‘ÿdDalue“ëvaccording“to“the“curren˜tŽ¡signature‘».‘ÂøThš²!us–Uµë~\sh‘¿ªb“»(using“ë~\relativeaccidŽ‘SÑ»)“means“a“ëyB‘Œ¤]“»if“the“signature“is“zero“or“pMÞositiv˜e,Ž¡and–¦fa“ëyB‘Œ¤\“»if“it“is“negativš²!e.‘ÝÝThe“same“logic“applies“for“all“acciden˜tals“using“ë~\relativeaccidŽ‘T!²».Ž©ÿ‘In– ³the“same“w•²!a“y‘ÿe,›Fthe– ³compact“coMÞdes“ë~^»,˜ë~_»,˜ë~=“»are“normally“not“a ected“b²!y“transpMÞositionŽ¡and–dßsignatures,‘”}but“their“bšMÞeha²!viour“will“b˜e“cš²!hanged“b˜y“sa˜ying“ë~\relativeaccidŽ‘YE »and“reset“b˜yŽ¡ë~\absoluteaccidŽ‘T!²»(the–¦fdefault“situation)Ÿü¾¼17ŽŽ‘ ».ަ‘Although–ßhëvrelativš²!e“acciden˜tal“coMÞding‘Ï€»is“an“easy“and“safe“w˜a˜y“of“cošMÞding“ëvtransp˜osable‘|o»scores,Ž¡care–Õ´should“bMÞe“exercised“in“getting“rid“of“the“habit“of“saš²!ying“ë~\na‘¿ªb“»to“raise“the“pitc˜h“of“a“ëyB‘bX»whenŽ¡the–±btonalit²!y“is“ëyF‘6¸»ma‘›»jor“(i.e.›þÐwith“ë~\setsignëynŽ‘8AFë~=-1“»or“ë~\generalsignatureŽ‘ek¬{-1}»).˜An“example“ofŽ¡sophisticated–.™transpMÞosition“is“givš²!en“in“the“score“ë~souvenir.tex“»(whic˜h“ë~\input»s“ë~souvenix.tex»).ŽŸ'Ä Ç2.12Ž‘,ÿüSlurs–ffand“tiesŽŸ6ª»The–¦fslurs“and“ties“proš²!vided“b˜y“MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“can“bMÞe“divided“in˜to“t˜w˜o“categories:Ž©Éù‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»Those–Úhwhere“the“complete“slur“sym²!bšMÞol“is“comp˜osed“of“a“single“c²!haracter“from“one“of“theŽ¡‘8>slur–¦ffon²!ts,“andŽŸ/n‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»those–HÔwhere“the“slur“sym²!bšMÞol“is“comp˜osed“three“discrete“c²!haracters,‘[‹to“form“the“b˜eginning,Ž¡‘8>middle–¦fand“end“of“the“slur.ަThe–5ôformer“are“called“ëvsimple“slurs‘©v»and“the“latter“are“called“ëvcompMÞound“slurss‚».‘ŒˆT‘ÿeo“some“exten²!tŽ¡the–²,division“bMÞet•²!w“een–²,the“t•²!w“o–²,is“inš²!visible“to“the“user,‘µin“that“a“n˜um˜bšMÞer“of“the“macros“describ˜edŽ¡bšMÞelo²!w–ʲwill“select“b˜et•²!w“een–ʲthe“t•²!w“o‘ʲt“yp˜es›ʲautomatically‘ÿe.‘JÀHo“w“ev“er,‘ÓÅother˜macros˜are˜pro“vided˜toŽ¡enable–H…simple“slurs“to“bšMÞe“sp˜eci ed.‘¾’Note“that“slurs“of“b˜oth“t²!yp˜es“m²!ust“b˜e“co˜ded“within“the“pairŽ¡ë~\notes...\enotes».ŽŸ"–MÅ2.12.1Ž‘0General–€slur“co`dingŽ©q»This–Ê=section“describšMÞes“the“usual“metho˜d“of“slur“co˜ding,‘3where“the“c²!hoice“b˜et•²!w“een–Ê=simple“orŽ¡compMÞound–1¥slurs“is“made“automatically‘ÿe.‘ šIn“this“case,‘”tslurs“are“initiated“and“terminated“b²!yŽ¡separate–¦fmacros,“as“is“the“case“for“bMÞeams.ŽŸ"/çë}2.12.1.1Ž‘6‘/Slur‘2initiationަ»The–—Ûslur“mš²!ust“bMÞe“initiated“ë{b–ÿp¹efor“e–—Û»the“spacing“note“at“whic˜h“the“slur“bMÞegins,‘Ô8and“terminatedŽ¡ë{b–ÿp¹efor“e–¦f»the“note“at“whic²!h“the“slur“ends.‘ÝÝThe“simplest“slur“initiation“macro“isޤÿ‘ë~\isluruŽ‘<ä ëynpŽ¡»whicš²!h–ß9initiates“an“uppMÞer“slur,‘-mwith“reference“n˜um˜bšMÞer“ëyn»,‘-mb˜eginning“at“pitc²!h“ëyp».‘ˆUThe“startingޤ ™špMÞoinš²!t–edof“the“slur“is“cen˜tred“abMÞo˜v˜e“an“imaginary“quarter“note“head“at“pitc˜h“ëyp».‘È2As“for“bMÞeams,‘rdtheŽ¡reference›Ù`n•²!um“bMÞer˜ëyn˜»tak“es˜v‘ÿdDalues˜from˜0˜to˜5,‘æor˜0˜to˜8˜if˜ë~musixadd.tex˜»is˜included.‘vÌSimilarly‘ÿe,Ž¡ë~\islurdŽ‘, ×ëynp–Ð1»initiates“a“lo•²!w“er–Ð1slur.‘[>These“slurs“are“terminated“b²!y“coMÞding“ë~\tslurŽ‘*^ëynp“»where“ëyn“»isŽ¡the–êreference“n•²!um“bMÞer–êand“ëyp“»is“the“termination“pitc²!h.‘¨ïT‘ÿeo“illustrate“with“a“simple“example,‘ûtheŽ¡follo²!wing‘¦fpassageŽŸ K‰ffµ/4Ÿ L͑џü-=ëm16ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿The–Tmš¾9usical“output“note,“not“the“t˜ypšAÇesetting“p˜osition.ŽŸ ‘ÑŸü-=ëm17ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿Note–that“the“bšAÇeha¾9viour“of“ëƒ\sh¿,‘Šëƒ\na“¿and“ëƒ\fl“¿with“MusiXT‘þuAŸïÿEŽ‘˜ŸX“corresp˜onds“to“the“b˜eha¾9viour“of“ëƒ\Sh¿,‘Šëƒ\Na“¿andޤ ëƒ\Fl–t4¿with“MusicT‘þuAŸïÿEŽ‘˜ŸX+mš¾9usictrp.tex.‘9But“the“ëƒmusixcpt.tex“¿ 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÷First,‘$Fmacros˜matc“hing˜eac“h˜of˜the˜initial-Ž¡ization–¦fmacros“are“proš²!vided,“as“sho˜wn“bMÞelo˜w.Ž¡Ÿ/¾½Ÿäaë’ÈInitiationŽ’üs´T‘ÿeerminationŽŽ’‡È©zã‰ffµgÅŸ …‘ë~\isluruŽ‘.=§»,‘¦fë~\islurdŽŽ‘t«³\tslurŽŽŽ¤ ™™‘\issluruŽ‘3ýQ»,‘¦fë~\isslurdŽŽ‘t«³\tsslurŽŽŽ¡‘\ibsluruŽŽ‘t«³\tbsluruŽŽŽ¡‘\ibslurdŽŽ‘t«³\tbslurdŽŽŽ¦‰ffµgÅŽŽŽŸ1ßλThese–|,spšMÞeci c“termination“macros“enable“slurs“started“in“one“w•²!a“y–|,to“b˜e“terminated“in“another.Ž¡F‘ÿeor–ø4example,‘ a“slur“bšMÞeginning“as“a“\b˜eam"“slur“ma²!y“b˜e“terminated“as“a“normal“slur.‘£ÌThis“w²!ouldŽ¡bMÞe›¦fac•²!hiev“ed˜using˜the˜macro˜pair˜ë~\ibslur...\tslur».ŽŸ%Íë}2.12.1.3Ž‘6‘/TiesŽŸEì»The–è×cošMÞding“of“ëvties‘\Y»follo²!ws“from“the“ab˜o•²!v“e–è×discussion“as“a“sp˜ecial“case“of“slurs,‘ùsi.e.‘¥/when“thereŽ¡is–Sßno“pitcš²!h“c˜hange.‘Â[UppMÞer“ties“are“initiated“b˜y“ë~\itieuŽ‘)%ºëynp“»whic˜h“starts“an“uppMÞer“tie“of“referenceŽ¡n•²!um“bMÞer–ºiëyn“»at“pitcš²!h“ëyp».‘3Lo˜w˜err“ties“are“initiated“b˜y“ë~\itiedŽ‘'òÎëynp“»whic˜h“starts“an“lo˜w˜er“tie“of“referenceŽ¡n•²!um“bMÞer–¦fëyn“»at“pitc²!h“ëyp».Ž©3‡‘The–Grstarting“pšMÞosition“of“the“tie“is“the“same“as“ë~\issluru“»and“ë~\isslurd“»resp˜ectiv²!ely‘ÿe.‘¾6The“tieŽ¡is–¦fterminated“b²!y“coMÞding“ë~\tstieŽ‘)ÊÈëyn».ަ‘Some–¦fsimple“examples“of“slurs“and“ties“are“illustrated“bMÞelo²!w.ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ‘]HÆŸÝ33‰ff f;¤‰ff f;¡‰ff f;¡‰ff f;¡‰ff 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ned“as“the“horizonš²!tal“distance“required“to“attain“maxim˜um“v˜ertical“deviation.Ž¡Thš²!us–^«smaller“n˜um˜bMÞers“for“ëyi“»and“ëyj‘ÿ!»lead“to“more“extreme“gradien˜ts.‘ «The“default“setting“isŽ¡ë~\curve344».‘ SHence,‘àcoMÞding–"Èë~\curve322“»doubles“the“initial“and“ nal“gradienš²!t“relativ˜e“to“theŽ¡default.‘ÀAs–œywith“ë~\midslur»,‘Ùýë~\curve“»m²!ust“bšMÞe“co˜ded“ë{imme‘ÿp¹diately“»b˜efore“the“slur“termination.Ž¡Lik²!ewise,–¦fcošMÞding“ë~\curve“»b˜efore“a“simple“slur“causes“problems“and“should“b˜e“a•²!v“oided.ŽŸÈk‘The–¦fexample“bMÞelo²!w“illustrates“the“use“of“ë~\curve“»more“clearly‘ÿe.ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ‘oHßÝ33‰ffæfA¤‰ffæfA¡‰ffæfA¡‰ffæfA¡‰ffæfAŽŽ‘oHßñ33„33ffŽŽ‘oHßìÒGŽŽŽ’‰HÀŸû™š„™šff™šŸðffŽŽ’ìH°Ÿê@Ö,ŽŽ’IH Ÿû™š„™šff™šŸðffÒŽŽ’UHžŸñ33„33ffŽŽŽ¤3ŸçŽŽŽ‘oHßÝ33‰ffæfA¤‰ffæfA¡‰ffæfA¡‰ffæfA¡‰ffæfAŽŽ‘oHßñ33„33ffŽŽ‘oHßìGŽŽŽ’‰HÀŸû™š„™šff™šŸðffŽŽ’âZŸâÀëP€¢Ž’ìH°ŸâÀëEŽ’$¯ŸâÀëP"ŽŽŽ’IH Ÿû™š„™šff™šŸðffÒŽŽ’UHžŸñ33„33ffŽŽŽ¡ŸçŽŽŽ‘oHßÝ33‰ffæfA¤‰ffæfA¡‰ffæfA¡‰ffæfA¡‰ffæfAŽŽ‘oHßñ33„33ffŽŽ‘oHßìGŽŽŽ’‰HÀŸû™š„™šff™šŸðffŽŽ’âZŸçÀëP€Ž’ìH°ŸçÀëE"Ž’0¯ŸçÀëPŽŽŽ’IH Ÿû™š„™šff™šŸðffÒŽŽ’UHžŸñ33„33ffŽŽŽŽŽŒ‹* × ý%ÿì»42’’óëvCHAPTER–¦f2.‘„CPRA²!CTICAL“USEŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ ‘»This–¦fw²!as“coMÞded“as:ŽŸ¦ˆ‘8>ë~\startextractޤ ™š‘8>\NOtes\multnoteskip8\itieu0g\ql‘¿ªg\enŽ¡‘8>\notes\ttie0\ql‘¿ªg\enŽ¡‘8>\endextractŽ¡‘8>\startextractŽ¡‘8>\NOtes\multnoteskip8\itieu1g\ql‘¿ªg\enŽ¡‘8>\notes\curve–¿ª322\ttie1\ql“g\enŽ¡‘8>\endextractŽ¡‘8>\startextractŽ¡‘8>\NOtes\multnoteskip8\itieu2g\ql‘¿ªg\enŽ¡‘8>\notes\curve–¿ª111\ttie2\ql“g\enŽ¡‘8>\endextractŽŸÿþë}2.12.3.3Ž‘6‘/*Breaking–2slurs“across“a“lineŽŸ2v»Twš²!o–ÈÆmacros“are“pro˜vided“to“con˜trol“the“bMÞeha˜viour“of“slurs“whic˜h“extend“across“line“breaks.Ž¡Normally‘ÿe,‘ÿthe–bpart“of“the“slur“bšMÞefore“the“line“break“is“treated“as“a“tie.‘èThis“can“b˜e“c²!hangedŽ¡using‘/ë~\breakslurŽ‘@›ëynp»,‘“Ôwhicš²!h–/sets“the“termination“heigh˜t“of“the“brok˜en“slur“at“the“line“break“toŽ¡pitcš²!h–¦fëyp»,“for“slur“reference“n˜um˜bMÞer“ëyn».ŽŸ ‘After–ÏÚthe“line“break,›úÃthe“slur“is“normally“resumed“at“the“initial“pitc²!h“reference,˜the“one“coMÞdedŽ¡in–xMë~\islur».‘S‘T‘ÿeo“cš²!hange“this,‘¬Æthe“macro“ë~\LiftslurŽ‘<­”ëynp“»ma˜y“bMÞe“used.‘S‘Here“ëyn“»is“again“the“slurŽ¡reference›on•²!um“bMÞer˜and˜ëyp˜»is˜the˜c“hange˜in˜heigh“t˜relativ“e˜to˜the˜initialization˜heigh“t.‘Ñ‹This˜macroŽ¡is–lnormally“used“folloš²!wing“line“breaks,‘xin“whic˜h“case“it“is“bšMÞest“co˜ded“using“the“ë~\atnextlineŽ¡»macro.‘/F‘ÿeor–d×example,‘”scoMÞding“ë~\def\atnextline{\Liftslur06}“»raises“the“con•²!tin“uation–d×of“slurŽ¡zero–¦fbš²!y“ë~6\internote“»relativ˜e“to“its“initialization“heigh˜t.ŽŸ ‘These–¦fmacros“are“illustrated“bš²!y“the“follo˜wing“example.ŽŸÿþë}2.12.3.4Ž‘6‘/*In•¦tv“erting–2slur“terminationŽŸ2v»Occasionally–<¬in“kš²!eybMÞoard“w˜orks“one“needs“to“bMÞegin“a“slur“in“one“sta˜v˜e“but“end“it“in“another.Ž¡This–úšcan“bšMÞe“done“using“the“macro“ë~\invertslurŽ‘G1‚ëyn“»whic²!h“is“b˜est“describ˜ed“b²!y“reference“to“theŽ¡example–¦fshoš²!wn“bMÞelo˜w.ŽŸb!ŸÐ€ŽŽŽ‘HҟЀՀ Ž‘HÒŸÝ33‰ffšf#¤‰ffšf#¡‰ffšf#¡‰ffšf#¡‰ffšf#ŽŽ‘HÒŸ°33‰ffšf#¤‰ffšf#¡‰ffšf#¡‰ffšf#¡‰ffšf#ŽŽ‘HÒŸñ33„A33ffŽŽ‘HÒŸâÒIŽŽŽ‘HÒŸ¿GŽŽŽ‘/HÏŸîyš„yšff™šŸî†fŽŽ‘2HΟÑ@ëP€’Ž‘\HÉŸÑ@ëEŽ’€HÁŸÑ@€ˆŽ’’H½ŸÑ@ëJŽŽŽŽ’­‡ŸÆ€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’³H¹Ÿîyš„yšff™šŸî†fŽŽ’¶H¸ŸÑ@ëP€²Ž’ H®ŸÑ@ëEŽ’RHœŸÑ@€‘Ž’vH“ŸÑ@ëJ2ŽŽŽŽ’©]ŸÆ€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’¯HŸñ33„A33ffŽŽŽŸ ‘»This–¦fw²!as“coMÞded“as:ŽŸ¦ˆ‘8>ë~\setstaffs1{2}Ž¡‘8>\setclef1{\bass}Ž¡‘8>\startextractŽ¡‘8>\NOtes\multnoteskip5\isluru0a\ql‘¿ªa\enŽ¡‘8>\notes\invertslur0\curve311\tslur0g|\qu‘¿ªd\enŽ¡‘8>\NOtes\multnoteskip{10}\isluru0a\ql‘¿ªa\enŽ¡‘8>\notes\invertslur0\curve333\tslur0g|\qu‘¿ªd\enŽ¡‘8>\endextractŽŽŽŒ‹+  × ý%ÿìëv2.12.‘„CSLURS–¦fAND“TIES’>8Ñ»43ŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ ëvREMARK:–0´Slur“in•²!v“ersion–0´is“ac•²!hiev“ed–0´at“a“place“where“its“slopMÞe“ise“zero“;‘Wïtherefore“it“only“w²!orksޤ ™šwith–‚gascending“slurs“started“with“ë~\isluruëv,‘¹gand“with“descending“slurs“started“with“ë~\islurdëv.Ž¡Otherwise–¦fno“horizon²!tal“place“can“bMÞe“found“and“the“result“is“erratic.Ž©Ç?‘This–Ð’second“situation“can“bMÞe“solvš²!ed“man˜ually‘ÿe,‘Ûstopping“the“slur“at“a“reasonable“place“withŽ¡ë~\tslur–Q³ëvand“restarting“if“the“other“send“at“the“same“place.‘Á¢Stopping“and“restarting“virutal“noteŽ¡pitcš²!hes–¦fshould“bMÞe“adjusted“to“ha˜v˜e“the“minim˜um“discon˜tin˜uit˜y‘ÿe.ަ‘»T‘ÿeo–¦fmakš²!e“this“dra˜wing“easier,“three“commands“ha˜v˜e“bMÞeen“pro˜vided:ŽŸ"ˆ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\TslurbreakŽ‘ZtŒëynp–bB»stops“slur“n•²!um“bšMÞer–bBëyn“»exactly“at“pitc²!h“ëyp»,‘‘9not“ab˜o•²!v“e–bBor“b˜elo²!w“the“virtualŽ¡‘8>note‘¦fhead.Ž©P,‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\IslurubreakŽ‘`46ëynp–¡V»restarts“an“uppšMÞer“slur“at“the“same“p˜osition,‘ànot“ab˜o•²!v“e–¡Va“virtual“noteŽ¡‘8>head.ަ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\IslurdbreakŽ‘`46ëynp–Ö;»restarts“an“lo•²!w“er–Ö;slur“at“the“same“pšMÞosition,‘"/not“b˜elo²!w“a“virtual“noteŽ¡‘8>head.ŽŸ"ˆThš²!us,–¦fthe“follo˜wing“patternŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ‘HÓŸÝ33‰ff¦f!¤‰ff¦f!¡‰ff¦f!¡‰ff¦f!¡‰ff¦f!ŽŽ‘HÓŸñ33„33ffŽŽ‘HÓŸìÒGŽŽŽ‘'ÈÑŸö33„ffÿþ‘÷Ÿ„ffÿþ‘ø€Ÿ 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÷èë~\begin{music}Ž¡‘8>\setclef1\trebleŽ¡‘8>\startextractŽ¡‘8>\NOTes\multnoteskip–¿ª3\isluru0a\ql“a\enŽ¡‘8>\NOTes\multnoteskip‘¿ª3\Tslurbreak0d\Islurdbreak0d\sk\enŽ¡‘8>\Notes\tslur0h\qu‘¿ªh\enŽ¡‘8>\NOTes\multnoteskip–¿ª3\islurd0a\ql“a\enŽ¡‘8>\NOTes\multnoteskip‘¿ª3\Tslurbreak0d\Islurubreak0d\sk\enŽ¡‘8>\Notes\tslur0h\qu‘¿ªh\enŽ¡‘8>\endextractŽ¡‘8>\end{music}ŽŸ!WZÅ2.12.4Ž‘0Simple‘€slursŽŸ­»Simple–¸¢slurs“and“ties“ha•²!v“e–¸¢the“adv‘ÿdDan²!tage“of“optimal“aesthetics“and“simple“coMÞding,‘è/but“are“limitedŽ¡in–L/length“to“68pt“for“slurs“and“220pt“for“ties.‘¿ËAlso,‘^:the“maximš²!um“v˜ertical“exten˜t“of“simple“slursŽ¡is–ÙÎ8“times“the“inš²!ternote“spacing,‘æ§and“the“slurs“ma˜y“not“extend“across“a“line“break.‘xDespite“allŽ¡these–œlimitations,‘Ù„simple“slurs“are“extremely“useful“in“man²!y“applications“where“the“slurs“areŽ¡short–¦fand“con²!tained“within“a“bar.ŽŸÇ?‘Simple–¥üslurs“extend“to“the“righš²!t“of“the“note“immediately“follo˜wing.‘ÜŸHence“they“m˜ust“bMÞeŽ¡coMÞded›Î:ë{b–ÿp¹efor“e˜»the˜note˜at˜whic²!h˜the˜slur˜bMÞegins.‘UZThe˜primary˜macro˜call˜is˜ë~\slurŽ‘$ZÆëypŸ¤z¼1Ž–ÀëypŸ¤z¼2Ž“ëysl‘c»whereŽ¡ëypŸ¤z¼1Ž–[»and›› 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Å2.13.3Ž‘0F‘þàull–€and“instrumen t“divided“barsŽŸO°»Normally‘ÿe,›,òbars– (as“w²!ell“as“double“bars,˜ nal“bars“and“repMÞeat“bars)“are“draš²!wn“as“a“con˜tin˜uousޤ ™šline,›!\starting–Åfor“the“bMÞottom“of“the“lo•²!w“er–Åsta “of“the“lo•²!w“er‘Åinstrumen“t,˜and–Åending“at“the“topŽ¡of–W©the“uppšMÞer“sta “of“the“upp˜er“instrumen•²!t.‘ÞHo“w“ev“er,‘ghone›W©ma“y˜w“an“t˜to˜ha“v“e˜discon“tin“uous˜bars,Ž¡that–gDis,‘säone“con•²!tin“uous–gDbar“for“all“the“sta 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÷è\NOTEs\wh‘¿ªe\en\barŽ¡‘ ÷è\NOTEs\wh‘¿ªf\en\leftrepeatŽ¡‘ ÷è\NOTEs\wh‘¿ªg\en\barŽ¡‘ ÷è\NOTEs\wh‘¿ªh\en\Setvolta1\barŽ¡‘ ÷è\NOTEs\wh‘¿ªi\en\barŽ¡‘ ÷è\NOTEs\wh‘¿ªj\en\Setvolta2\endvoltabox\rightrepeatŽ¡‘ ÷è\NOTEs\wh‘¿ªi\en\barŽ¡‘ ÷è\NOTEs\wh‘¿ªh\en\endvoltaboxŽ¡‘ ÷è\Endpieceަ»The–A9\vš²!olta"“sym˜bšMÞols“are“normally“set“at“ë~4\internote“»ab˜o•²!v“e–A9the“upp˜er“line“of“the“sta “and“oneŽ¡bar(length?)‘ÝÝwide.Ž©še‘If–æˆthe“mš²!usic“t˜ypMÞesetter“w˜an˜ts“to“include“more“than“one“bar,‘ö‘he“can“coMÞde“ë~\SetvoltaŽ‘7£‚{ëvtext=ë~}Ž¡»bšMÞefore–È­the“bar“he“w•²!an“ts–È­the“\v²!olta"“to“b˜egin,‘Ñ>and“put“ë~\endvoltaŽ‘;NT»or“ë~\endvoltaboxŽ‘LR»b˜efore“theŽ¡bar–¦fthey“should“end.ަ‘If–¦fhe“w•²!an“ts–¦fto“cš²!hange“the“altitude“of“the“\v˜olta",“he“can“rede ne“ë~\raisevoltaŽ‘Bâ´»,“e.g.:ަ‘ë~\def\raisevolta{7\internote}ަ»or–¦fde ne“it“to“bMÞe“an²!y“other“v‘ÿdDalid“dimension.ŽŸ›üëvREMARK:–¦fthe“dot“after“"vš²!olta"“n˜um˜bšMÞering“can“b˜e“remo•²!v“ed,–¦fsimply“bš²!y“sa˜ying:ŽŸ Ф‰ffµ/4Ÿ L͑џü-=ëm25ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿The–1üwš¾9ord“\v˜olta"“comes“from“Italian,›9&it“means“\time"“in“the“sense“of“\ rst“time",˜\second“time"“or“\pass"ŽŸ in–Ttrat“case.ŽŽŽŒ‹3ß × ý%ÿìëv2.16.‘„CREPEA‘ÿeTS’gHÕ»51ŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ ‘ë~\def\voltadotŽ‘9|¤{}ޤïÐëvand–¦freset“b²!y:Ž¡‘ë~\def\voltadotŽ‘9|¤{.}ŽŸ"?0Å2.16.2Ž‘0Large–€scopš`e“rep˜eats“and“orien tation“marksŽŸS»Large–,“scopšMÞe“rep˜eats“ha•²!v“e–,“also“b˜een“pro²!vided“with“sp˜ecial“sym²!b˜ols,›Nnamely“ë~\codaŽ‘%xëyp»,˜ë~\CodaŽ‘%9ëyp»,ޤ ™šë~\segnoŽ‘'–wëyp»,‘uwhere–{ëyp“»spMÞeci es“the“pitcš²!h.‘ 4A‘bigger“sym˜bMÞol“is“ë~\SegnoŽ‘,®ò»with“no“argumen˜t.‘ 4F‘ÿeorŽ¡example,–¦fthe“follo²!wing“ gureŽŸ8áŸçŽŽŽ’œâTŸÝ33‰ff‹3¤‰ff‹3¡‰ff‹3¡‰ff‹3¡‰ff‹3ŽŽ’œâTŸñ33„33ffŽŽ’œâTŸìÒGŽŽŽ’¶âQŸÚ€VŽŽ’ÎâMŸñ33„33ffŽŽ’ÏH³ŸÚ€UŽŽŽ’ïH¯ŸñnŽ’H«Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’¯ŸÚ€iŽŽŽ’'¯ Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸïлhas–¦fbšMÞeen“co˜ded:Ž©œ=‘8>ë~\NOtes\segno‘¿ªm\enotes\barŽ¡‘8>\NOtes\coda‘¿ªm\enotesŽ¡‘8>\NOtes\Segno\enotes\barŽ¡‘8>\NOtes\Coda‘¿ªm\enotesަ»Orienš²!tation–Ëmarks“are“set“more“often“abMÞo˜v˜e“larger“orc˜hestral“pieces“for“easy“come“together“ofŽ¡all–^ºinstrumenš²!ts“for“exercise“reasons.‘ØOften“used“are“circled“or“bMÞo˜xed“uppMÞercase“c˜haracters“orŽ¡digits.‘ÝÝThis–¦fcan“bMÞe“done“withŽ©ïБë~\boxitŽ‘3}ü{ëvtext=ë~}‘ ó2»orŽ¡‘ë~\circleitŽ‘D¼ú{ëvtext=ë~}ަ»The–¦fdistance“bšMÞet•²!w“een–¦fthe“b˜oš²!x“and“the“including“text“is“in uenced“b˜yަ‘ë~\boxitsepŽ‘D¼ú=ëvan²!y–¦fT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“dimensionަ‘»whicš²!h–7†is“setup“b˜y“default“to“ë~3pt».‘‘=The“usage“is“recommended“with“ë~\UptextŽ‘,u,»,‘[Îë~\zcharnoteŽ‘=Ør»,Ž¡ë~\zcharŽ‘&$b»or‘¦fë~\ccharnoteŽ‘=# ».ŽŸ"?0Å2.16.3Ž‘0Rep`eating–€the“last“barŽŸS»This–fDcan“bšMÞe“done“using“the“sym²!b˜ol“ë~\duevolteŽ‘<‰‚»(often“used“with“ë~\centerbar»,‘–;see“example“inŽ¡2.7.3,–¦fp.‘ÝÝ31),“e.g.:ŽŸb¼ÌŸÐ€ŽŽŽ‘j•ŽŸÐ€Õ€ Ž‘j•ŽŸÝ33‰ffïÌ«¤‰ffïÌ«¡‰ffïÌ«¡‰ffïÌ«¡‰ffïÌ«ŽŽ‘j•ŽŸ°33‰ffïÌ«¤‰ffïÌ«¡‰ffïÌ«¡‰ffïÌ«¡‰ffïÌ«ŽŽ‘j•ŽŸñ33„A33ffŽŽ‘j•ŽŸâÒIŽŽŽ‘j•ŽŸ¿GŽŽŽ‘|•‹ŸçSŽŽŽŽ‘|•‹ŸºSŽŽŽŽ’Á•…Ÿâ=ŽŽŽ’ŽŸÉ33„ffÿþ‘þLÍžÌÍ„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ–™–¤û„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ÌÊŸ ùš„yšff™šŸî†fŽŽ’ñ•}Ÿñ33„A33ffŽŽ’ø{äŸØ33„ffÿþ–ø€ŸFg„yšff™šŸî†fŽ›—Ÿî¹™„ffÿþ“ŸÌÍ„€ff™šŸî€Ž˜¤ñ33„ffÿþ‘÷©û„ffÿþ“ŸÌÍ„ff™šŸìŽ˜¡„ffÿþ‘÷¦„ffÿþ“ŸÌÍ„€ff™šŸé€ŽŽ’)ûÛŸÄNŽ’YûÓŸñ33„A33ffŽŽŽ¦‘»whose–¦fcoMÞding“is:ŽŸœ=‘8>ë~\generalmeter\meterCŽ¡‘8>\setclef1\bass\setstaffs1{2}Ž¡‘8>\startextractŽ¡‘8>\NOtes\sk\sk\pause|\qa{cegj}\enŽ¡‘8>\bar\NOtes\qa{cdef}|\sk\sk\duevolte\enŽ¡‘8>\endextractŽŽŽŒ‹4 | × ý%ÿì»52’’óëvCHAPTER–¦f2.‘„CPRA²!CTICAL“USEŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ Ç2.17Ž‘,ÿüMiscellaneousŽŸ¼ÂÅ2.17.1Ž‘0Putting–€anš ything“an˜ywhereŽŸлSpšMÞecial–Jomacros“are“pro²!vided“to“help“the“comp˜oser“to“set“an²!y“T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“text“on“the“sta s.‘¿5The“macroޤæ‘ë~\zcharnoteŽ‘N# ëypë~{»textë~}Ž¡»sets–çFthe“givš²!en“text“with“its“base“line“at“pitc˜h“ëyp“»of“the“curren˜t“sta “(this“means“it“m˜ust“bMÞeޤ ™šcošMÞded–?inside“ë~\notes...\enotes»).‘úgWhatev²!er“the“length“of“the“text,‘õno“spacing“o˜ccurs.‘úgIf“y²!ouŽ¡w•²!an“t–ˆ@the“pMÞossible“spilling“text“to“expand“on“the“left“rather“than“on“the“righš²!t,‘ŽGthen“y˜ou“can“useŽ¡ë~\lcharnoteŽ‘9|¤».‘¶If–Yyš²!ou“w˜an˜t“the“pMÞossible“spilling“text“cen˜tered“to“curren˜t“pMÞosition,‘*Õthen“y˜ou“canŽ¡use‘¦fë~\ccharnoteŽ‘@Ép»whic²!h–¦fcauses“no“space.Ž©æ‘The–_*macro“ë~\zcharnoteŽ‘B:ø»is“ t“for“cošMÞding“sp˜ecial“notations“likš²!e“accen˜ts“abMÞo˜v˜e“or“bMÞelo˜w“theŽ¡notes.‘¶õAlso–1¬a²!v‘ÿdDailable“are“ë~\zcharŽ›%¯¨»,‘Ië~\lcharŽ‘(ø­»and“ë~\ccharŽ˜»,‘Iwhicš²!h“allo˜ws“only“n˜um˜bMÞers“for“pitc˜h,‘IbutŽ¡enables–¦fthe“use“of“ oats“toMÞo.ަ‘T‘ÿeo–tØplace“some“text“at“the“mid-pšMÞosition“b˜et•²!w“een–tØthe“t•²!w“o–tØsta s“of“a“k²!eyb˜oard“instrumen²!t,Ž¡y•²!ou›¦fma“y˜coMÞde:Ž©~‘8>ë~\zmidstaffŽ‘T´â{ë{textë~}%–¦f»(to“righ²!t)Ž¡‘8>ë~\lmidstaffŽ‘T´â{ë{textë~}%–¦f»(to“left)Ž¡‘8>ë~\cmidstaffŽ‘T´â{ë{textë~}%‘¦f»(cen²!tred)ަbMÞeing›2*ho•²!w“ev“er˜careful,–Ua)˜to˜put˜it˜inside˜ë~\notes...\enotes»,“b)˜to˜coMÞde˜it˜in˜the˜text˜of˜theŽ¡lo•²!w“er‘¦fsta .ŽŸæ‘A‘RŽtext–Rºto“bšMÞe“put“ab˜o•²!v“e–Rºthe“currenš²!t“sta “is“in˜troMÞduced“b˜y“ë~\uptextŽ‘,`{...}».‘âØThis“ma˜y“ho˜w-Ž¡evš²!er–oŽcause“some“collision“with“bar“n˜um˜bšMÞering“or“notes“ab˜o•²!v“e–oŽthe“sta ;‘Ô"it“is“then“wise“to“useŽ¡ë~\UptextŽ‘(=¦{...}–tƒ»whicš²!h“puts“the“text“t˜w˜o“note“line“distances“higher“(recommended“to“pMÞost“theŽ¡tempMÞo).ŽŸ(ÕwÅ2.17.2Ž‘0F‘þàon tsŽŸлThe–€Þtext“fonš²!ts“loaded“b˜y“MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“come“in“six“di 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™™‘xŠ»10Ž‘5äHë~\normtypeŽ’8#\rm,–¿ª\bf,“\itŽŽ¡‘xŠ»12Ž‘5äHë~\medtypeŽ’8#\rm,–¿ª\bf,“\itŽŽ¡‘xŠ»14Ž‘5äHë~\bigtypeŽ’˜6Ë(\bf)ŽŽ¡‘xŠ»17Ž‘5äHë~\BigtypeŽ’˜6Ë(\bf)ŽŽ¡‘xŠ»20Ž‘5äHë~\BIgtypeŽ’˜6Ë(\bf)ŽŽ¡‘xŠ»25Ž‘5äHë~\BIGtypeŽ’˜6Ë(\bf)ŽŽ¦‰ffÑóÅŽŽŽŽŽŒ‹5« × ý%ÿìëv2.17.‘„CMISCELLANEOUS’;.#»53ŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ Twš²!o–­æother“text“fon˜ts“are“pro˜vided“for“dynamic“markings.‘ô\These“are“ë~\ppffsixteenŽ‘L©Þ»,ޤ ™šë~\ppfftwentyŽ‘CË\»and‘ë~\ppfftwentyfourŽ‘ZÊ»,‘É7suitable–for“dynamic“markings“with“sta “sizes“of“16‘Ó7pt,Ž¡20›Ó7pt–¼kand“24˜pt“respMÞectivš²!ely‘ÿe.‘íThe“appropriate“fon˜t“for“the“curren˜t“sta “size“ma˜y“bMÞe“selected“b˜yŽ¡coMÞding‘¦fë~\ppffŽ‘ d¸».ŽŸ¡±‘Naturally–(nother“fonš²!ts“ma˜y“bMÞe“loaded“b˜y“the“user“if“required.‘cöWhen“MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“is“started,Ž¡the–¦fdefault“text“fonš²!t“is“ten“pMÞoin˜t“roman,“equiv‘ÿdDalen˜t“to“ë~\normtype\rm».ŽŸ \ë}2.17.2.1Ž‘6‘/ExamplesŽ Œ=Ö‘q³:Ÿk¾‰ffá‘T¤ …‘»Size–¦fand“st²!yleŽ‘h:øExampleŽŽŸzã‰ffá‘T¡‘ë~\smalltypeŽ‘h:ø¼small‘ÕXromanŽŽ¤ ™™‘ë~\smalltype\bfŽ‘h:ø½small‘DFbE±oldŽŽ¡‘ë~\smalltype\itŽ‘h:ø¾smalp[l‘~italicŽŽ¡‘ë~\normtypeŽ‘h:ø²normal‘UUromanŽŽ¡‘ë~\normtype\bfŽ‘h:øÂnormal‘ÕTbQÇoldŽŽ¡‘ë~\normtype\itŽ‘h:øóý': cmti10Ãnormal‘“çitalicŽŽ¡‘ë~\medtypeŽ‘h:øÄmedium‘ê¨romanŽŽ¡‘ë~\medtype\bfŽ‘h:øÅmedium‘€b`oldŽŽ¡‘ë~\medtype\itŽ‘h:øó›»ˆ@ cmti12Æme‘ÿffdium‘35italicŽŽ©|‘ë~\bigtypeŽ‘h:øÇbig‘ffbs3oldŽŽŸ|‘ë~\BigtypeŽ‘h:øÈBig‘záb‘Š=oldŽŽŸzâ‘ë~\BIgtypeŽ‘h:øóÂÖN ¼j cmbx12ÉBIg‘Ƨb‘¥ãoldŽŽŸ]‘ë~\BIGtypeŽ‘h:øóÂÖN ãS cmbx12ÊBIG‘ U?b‘ÇoldŽŽ¡‘ë~\ppffsixteenŽ‘h:øËpp–$ø “diminuendoŽŽ¡‘ë~\ppfftwentyŽ‘h:øÌpp–ù) “cr–ÿKesc“endoŽŽ¦‘ë~\ppfftwentyfourŽ‘h:øó"F C–ff cmbxti10Ípp–÷Ë “cr–ÿ&éesc“endoŽŽŸzã‰ffá‘TŽŽŽ •W%Å2.17.3Ž‘0Metronomic‘€indicationsŽŸ»·»Metronomic–¦findication“deservš²!es“a“spMÞecial“macro.‘ÝÝThe“men˜tion:ŽŸ±@’ÕæŸý€„ff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ‘s4Ÿ€»=‘¦f60ŽŸ©Èis–O2coMÞded“bš²!y“ë~\metronŽ‘,ŒØ{\hup}{60}“»(normally“em˜bMÞedded“in“ë~\UptextŽ‘0Ü »whic˜h“is“in“turn“em˜bMÞeddedŽ¡within‘¦fë~\notes...\enotes»).ŽŸ €ÂÅ2.17.4Ž‘0Accen tsŽŸ»¸‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\upzŽ‘5ÝLëyp–¦f»(uppšMÞer“ëvpizzicato‘ŒÐ»)“to“put“a“dot“ab˜o•²!v“e–¦fa“note“head“at“pitc²!h“ëyp»,ޤ¹ø‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\lpzŽ‘5ÝLëyp›¦f»(lo•²!w“er˜ëvpizzicato‘ŒÐ»)˜to˜put˜a˜dot˜bMÞelo“w˜a˜note˜head˜at˜pitc“h˜ëyp»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\usfŽ‘5ÝLëyp–¦f»(uppšMÞer“ëvsforzando‘ŒÐ»)“to“put“a“ëy>“»accen²!t“ab˜o•²!v“e–¦fa“note“head“at“pitc²!h“ëyp»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\lsfŽ‘5ÝLëyp›¦f»(lo•²!w“er˜ëvpizzicato‘ŒÐ»)˜to˜put˜a˜ëy>˜»accen“t˜bMÞelo“w˜a˜note˜head˜at˜pitc“h˜ëyp»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\ustŽ‘5ÝLëyp–¦f»(uppšMÞer“ëvstaccato‘36»or“ëvp˜ortato‘ŒÐ»)“to“put“a“h²!yphen“ab˜o•²!v“e–¦fa“note“head“at“pitc²!h“ëyp»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\lstŽ‘5ÝLëyp›¦f»(lo•²!w“er˜ëvstaccato‘36»or˜ëvpMÞortato‘ŒÐ»)˜to˜put˜a˜h“yphen˜bMÞelo“w˜a˜note˜head˜at˜pitc“h˜ëyp»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\uppzŽ‘;œöëyp–¦f»(uppšMÞer“strong“ëvpizzicato‘ŒÐ»)“to“put“an“ap˜ostrophe“ab˜o•²!v“e–¦fa“note“head“at“pitc²!h“ëyp»,ŽŽŽŒ‹6º„ × ý%ÿì»54’’óëvCHAPTER–¦f2.‘„CPRA²!CTICAL“USEŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\lppzŽ‘;twëyp›}ç»(lo•²!w“er˜strong˜ëvpizzicato‘ŒÐ»)˜to˜put˜a˜rev“ersed˜ap•MÞostrophe˜b“elo•²!w˜a˜note˜head˜at˜pitc“hŽ© ™š‘8>ëyp».ޤØ&‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\usfzŽ‘;œöëyp–¦f»(uppšMÞer“ëvsforzato‘ŒÐ»)“to“put“a“`ro˜of‘Ú'“ab˜o•²!v“e–¦fa“note“head“at“pitc²!h“ëyp»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\lsfzŽ‘;œöëyp›¦f»(lo•²!w“er˜ëvsforzato‘ŒÐ»)˜to˜put˜a˜rev“ersed˜`ro•MÞof‘Ú'˜b“elo•²!w˜a˜note˜head˜at˜pitc“h˜ëyp».Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\upzstŽ‘AÏyëyp–?»(uppMÞer“ëvtenš²!uto/staccato‘ŒÐ»)“to“put“a“com˜bined“ten˜uto/staccato“sign“abMÞo˜v˜e“a“noteަ‘8>head–¦fat“pitc²!h“ëyp»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\lpzstŽ‘B àëyp›S¦»(lo•²!w“er˜ëvten“uto/staccato‘ŒÐ»)˜to˜put˜a˜com“bined˜ten“uto/staccato˜sign˜bMÞelo“w˜a˜noteަ‘8>head–¦fat“pitc²!h“ëyp».Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\flageolettŽ‘^òëyp–¦f»to“put“a“thin“circle“abMÞo•²!v“e–¦fa“note“head“at“pitc²!h“ëyp».Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\upbowŽ‘A\ »to–¦findicate“a“bšMÞo²!wing“for“strings“in“upp˜er“direction.Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\downbowŽ‘LÛô»oppMÞosite–¦fto“ë~\upbow».ŽŸØ&Because–—ewhole“notes“(brevš²!e,–šearbitrary‘ÿe,“...)‘ØÝha˜v˜e–—ea“di eren˜t“note“head“width“the“accen˜ts“appMÞearަnot–DWcenš²!tered“abMÞo˜v˜e“them.‘½-Therefore“y˜ou“can“use“ë~\wholeshiftŽ‘B€¥{ëvtext=ë~}“»whic˜h“cen˜ters“accen˜ts“andަothers–Híwhicš²!h“are“cen˜tered“abMÞo˜v˜e“a“quarter“note“head“to“appMÞear“cen˜tered“abMÞo˜v˜e“a“whole“note.ަThis–¦fis“used“for“e.g.“ë~\Fermataup».ŽŸ©=‘Also–Œja²!v›ÿdDailable“are“the“v˜arianš²!tsŸü¾¼26ŽŽ‘ Œr»of“the“most“used“accen˜ts“whic˜h“will“bšMÞe“automatically“p˜osi-ަtioned›ÿLabMÞo•²!v“e˜or˜bMÞelo“w˜a˜bMÞeam.‘èŽTherefore˜the˜kno“wn˜accen“ts˜are˜preceeded˜with˜the˜letter˜`b'ަand,–¦finstead“of“the“pitcš²!h,“the“bMÞeam“reference“n˜um˜bšMÞer“is“app˜ended“as“an“argumen•²!t.‘ÝÝTh“usŽŸ@¡HŸçŽŽŽ‘iHÄŸÝ33‰ffòf?¤‰ffòf?¡‰ffòf?¡‰ffòf?¡‰ffòf?ŽŽ‘iHÄŸñ33„33ffŽŽ‘iHÄŸìÒGŽŽŽ’ƒHÁŸÞ«ÙŽ’‰Ÿî€„?¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ ÌËŸíx§Ž–™—¤ý€„rÞff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ ÌËŸíEtŽ“¡„¦ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ ÌËŸíAŽ“¡„ÙDff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ ÌËŸìߎ“¡„ vff‘ùÌÎŽŸé¸©‘›¾3ŽŽŽ‘·™¨ŸùÀTÒ€‘Ž‘ÑÌËŸõÒB€‘ŽŽ“¡„?©ff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’ïH¯Ÿð xŽ’ïH¯Ÿï¿¬„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽ‘™—Ÿ™Ž–™—¤ÌÌ„Œxff™šŸðsˆŽ“Ÿ™Ž“©ÌÍ„ÙEff™šŸñ&»Ž“Ÿ™Ž“¡„&ff™šŸñÙŸ™Ž“¦„ rÞff™šŸò"ŽŸ tŸ‘gϾ3ŽŽŽ‘·™¨ŸøÌÎҀˎ‘ÑÿþŸûp¤€ËŽŽ“¡„ ¿ªff™šŸó@VŽŽ’[HŸñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸ©=»w²!as–¦fcoMÞded“as:ŽŸØ&ë~\startextractަ\Notes\ibu0f3\busfz0\qb0f\bupz0\qb0g\bust0\qb0h%ަ‘ T\buppz0\qb0i\busf0\qb0j\butext0\tqh0k\enަ\Notes\Ibl0lg5\blsfz0\qb0l\blpz0\qb0k\blst0\qb0j%ަ‘ T\blppz0\qb0i\blsf0\qb0h\bltext0\tqb0g\enަ\endextractŽŸ)ÚÉÅ2.17.5Ž‘0*Indication–€of“ëux‘ÔÅ-tupletsŽŸÊ`»T‘ÿeriplets–agand“other“ëyx»-tuplets“|“in“practice“the“italic“n•²!um“bMÞers‘agëv3–ß9»,›'ëv4“»,˜ëv5“»,˜etc.‘àcan–agbMÞe“set“at“theަrigh•²!t›x¸horizon“tal/v“ertical˜pMÞosition˜in“v“oking˜the˜ë~\tripletŽ–6îÀ»or˜ë~\xtupletŽ“»macros˜at˜the˜leftmostަpšMÞosition–¦fof“the“group,“i.e.‘ÝÝb˜efore“the“ rst“note“is“co˜ded.ޤ©=‘ë~\triolet–D,»has“only“one“argumenš²!t,‘WÒthe“pitc˜h“of“the“bMÞottom“of“the“ gure“3,‘WÒë~\xtuplet“»has“t˜w˜oަargumenš²!ts:‘ÝÝthe–¦f gure“and“its“pitc˜h.Ž¡‘If–ë˜the“ gure“has“to“bšMÞe“put“ab˜o•²!v“e–ë˜an“upp˜er“b˜eam“or“b˜eloš²!w“a“lo˜w˜er“bMÞeam,‘üåusing“the“macrosަë~\butextŽ‘+ã»(abšMÞo•²!v“e)–¥kand“ë~\bltextŽ‘/ˆ|»(b˜elo²!w)“is“advisable“to“p˜ost“the“ gure“ab˜o•²!v“e–¥kor“b˜eloš²!w“the“giv˜enަbšMÞeam.‘-°ë~\butext–Á»and“ë~\bltext“»ha•²!v“e–Áone“argumen²!t,‘Ç©namely“the“b˜eam“n•²!um“b˜er–Á(namely“the“sameŽŸ a¾‰ffµ/4Ÿ L͑џü-=ëm26ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿Thanks–Tto“Klaus“ë„Becher‘ÿfet¿'s“corrections.ŽŽŽŒ‹7Æ< × ý%ÿìëv2.17.‘„CMISCELLANEOUS’;.#»55ŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ as–béthe“ rst“argumenš²!t“of“commands“suc˜h“as“ë~\ibu“»or“ë~\Ibu»).‘Ç^If“the“group“of“notes“is“not“a“triolet,ŽŸ ™šthe–¦factual“ gure“has“to“bMÞe“cš²!hanged,“rede ning“the“macro“ë~\txtŽ‘Kt»whic˜h“is“set“up“b˜y“default“to:ŽŸñ‘ë~\def\txt{\eightit‘¿ª3}%ŽŸ5nïŸÝ33‰ffÄ÷Ǥ‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷ÇŽŽŸñ33„33ffŽŽŸçŽŽŽŸìÒGŽŽŽŸæ£×‘ÓÇ2ŽŸ ‘Ó4ŽŽŽŽŽ‘Xr1ŸÚ€¾6ŽŽ‘*fœŸï¿¬„?¬ff™šŸïÀTÒŽ–²&„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽ“„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽ“„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽ“„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽ‘çtÇŸë€UÖŽŽ‘·7jŸ35„fjZá"Ž“„?¬ff™šŸïÀTÒŽŽ’–ùäŸñ33„33ffŽŽ’³í¿ŸÚ€¾3ŽŽ’¡üŸï¿¬„?¬ff™šŸïÀTÒŽ–²&¤þ0¿„ðkff™šŸï•Ž‘™™ŸíO–ÛŽŽ‘íŸÏAÒ€ŠŽ‘òŒŸY´€ŠŽŽ“¡„¡*ff™šŸî^ÖŽŽ’×P Ÿò?¬„?¬ff™šŸïÀTŽŸØ’‘€^¾3ŽŽŽ–²&¤þ0¿„ðkff™šŸï•ÒŽ™šŸI/Û€—ŽŽ‘íŸÏAÒ€ŠŽ‘òŒŸY´€ŠŽŽ“¡„¡*ff™šŸî^ÖŽŽ’ šDŸñ33„33ffŽŽ’1Ë$ŸØ¾3ŽŽ’§\Ÿðùš„yšff™šŸî†fÒŽ–ï+¤ý€„yšff™šŸî†fŽ‘™™ŸìÆgÛŽŽ“¡„yšff™šŸî†fÒŽŽ’c¨Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’mŒŸØÕ#Ž‘ Ÿþ€#Ž‘Ÿý#Ž‘ÕŸü“*#Ž‘ ÕŸû+ŽŸ±i‘9¾3ŽŽŽŽ’mµ'Ÿðùš„yšff™šŸî†fÒŽŽ’‡ ¸ŸêÀ„@ff™š-Ž™šŸïÀŽŽ’˜‰©ŸÕ€Õ#Ž‘ Ÿþ€#Ž‘Ÿý#Ž‘ÕŸü“*#Ž‘ ÕŸû+ŽŸ±i‘9¾3ŽŽŽŽ’™#DŸîyš„yšff™šŸî†fÒŽŽ’°øÖŸØ33„ffÿþ‘ø€Ÿ Í„@ff™š-Ž™šŸïÀŽŽ’Ä‘aŸñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸnH‘8>ë~\notesp\xtuplet6n\isluru0l\ibl0l0\qb0{lllll}\tslur0l\tqb0l\en\barޤ ™š‘8>\notesp\triolet‘¿ªn\isluru0l\Ibl0ln2\qb0{lm}\tslur0n\tqb0n\enŽ¡‘8>\notesp\ibslurd0k\Ibl0km2\qb0k\bltext0\qb0l\tdbslur0m\tqb0m\en\barŽ¡‘8>\Notesp\triolet–¿ªo\isluru0l\ql{lm}\tslur0n\ql“n\en\barŽ¡‘8>\Notesp\uptrio–¿ªo16\ql“l\en\notesp\cl“n\enŽ¡‘8>\Notesp\uptrio–¿ªp16\ql“m\en\notesp\cl“o\enŽŸ"lÅ2.17.6Ž‘0*Usual‘€ornamen tsޤVë}2.17.6.1Ž‘6‘/ArpY‹eggiosŽ¡ëvArpšMÞeggios‘è»(i.e.‘ ó2ŸûÒFޤFŽ¡FŽŽŽ‘ ó2»)–¦fcan“b˜e“co˜ded“with“the“macroޤñ‘ë~\arpeggioŽ‘Hc`ëypmŽ¡»where–®‹ëyp“»is“the“pitcš²!h“of“the“base“of“the“arpMÞeggio“sym˜bMÞol“and“ëym“»is“its“m˜ultiplicit˜y“(one“p•MÞerio“d‘®‹isޤ ™šequal–ìto“one“space“bšMÞet•²!w“een–ìsta “lines,‘%8i.e.‘¨ 5“p˜oin²!ts).›¨ This“macro“causes“no“spacing.˜If“should“bMÞeŽ¡issued–„bMÞefore“the“concerned“cš²!hords.‘­çIts“v‘ÿdDarian˜t“ë~\larpeggioŽ‘?©¬»sets“the“arpMÞeggio“sym˜bMÞol“nearly“oneŽ¡note–¦fhead“width“on“the“left,“in“order“to“a•²!v“oid–¦fcollision“with“accidenš²!tals“in“fron˜t“of“the“c˜hords.ŽŸÉYë}2.17.6.2Ž‘6‘/T‘þó\rillsŽŸV»T‘ÿerills–¶‚can“bšMÞe“co˜ded“in“sevš²!eral“w˜a˜ys.‘0ë~\trilleŽ‘5Xëypl‘í«»(where“ëyp“»is“the“pitc˜h“and“ëyl‘í«»is“a“n˜um˜bMÞer“ofŽ¡curren²!t–¦fëvnoteskipU»)“yieldsŸý€“ÒEŽ–ÿÿEŽ“EŽ“EŽŽŽŽ‘#À³»while“ë~\TrilleŽ‘/Šrëypl‘Ý»yields“Ÿý€ë{tr‘ ¾´ÒEŽ–ÿÿEŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽŽŽŽ‘<Ž5».ŽŸñ‘F‘ÿeor–Uþlonger“trills“expanding“o•²!v“er–Uþbars“and“line“breaks,‘fa“bšMÞetter“w•²!a“y–Uþconsists“in“sp˜ecifying“theŽ¡bšMÞeginning–¥Gwith“ë~\ItrilleŽ‘3GÞëynp“»where“ëyn“»is“the“trill“reference“n•²!um“b˜er›¥G(0– §ëz“ëyn“<“»6“=ë~\maxtrillsŽ‘9|¤»)˜andŽ¡terminate–%‘it“with“the“command“ë~\TtrilleŽ‘4Hrëyn».‘²ìIf“one“w•²!an“ts–%‘the“ë{tr“»men²!tion“at“the“bMÞeginning,‘?UthenŽ¡one–,should“use“ë~\ITrilleŽ›63¨ëynp».‘<.The“ancien²!t“commands“ë~\itrilleŽ‘2|»,‘8]ë~\ttrilleŽ‘6PÙëyp“»and“ë~\tTrilleŽ˜ëypŽ¡»still–{wš²!ork“but“bMÞew˜are“that“their“syn˜tax“is“di eren˜t,‘5that“the“opMÞening“and“the“closing“m˜ust“bMÞeŽ¡in–¦fthe“same“bar“and“that“the“use“the“same“registers“as“ë~\Itrille‘¿ª0».ŽŸØžëvREMARK:–gë~trille“ëvand“ë~Trille“ëvalso“exist“in“MusicT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X.‘Ö3Unfortunately‘ÿe,‘”the“same“macro“namesŽ¡do–k3not“ha•²!v“e–k3the“same“synš²!tax“and“the“same“seman˜tic“in“bMÞoth“pac˜k‘ÿdDages“and“ë~musixcpt.texŽ¡ëvforces–œ!the“bMÞehaš²!viour“and“the“syn˜tax“of“MusicT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X.‘ÚqA‘œsolution“to“this“problem“consists“in“usingŽ¡ë~\trilleCŽ‘1,ëvand‘Üë~\TrilleCŽ‘4ëvto›Üha•²!v“e˜the˜MusicT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X˜bMÞeha“viour,‘#‘and˜ë~\trilleXŽ–4ëvand˜ë~\TrilleXŽ“ëvto˜ha•²!v“eŽ¡the–¦fMusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“bMÞehaš²!viour,“ev˜en“when“ë~musixcpt“ëvis“in˜v˜ok˜ed.ŽŸñ‘»F‘ÿeor‘¦fexample:ŽŸi¿XŸÐ€ŽŽŽ‘¯6ŸÐ€Õ€ Ž‘¯6ŸÝ33‰ff™[¤‰ff™[¡‰ff™[¡‰ff™[¡‰ff™[ŽŽ‘¯6Ÿ°33‰ff™[¤‰ff™[¡‰ff™[¡‰ff™[¡‰ff™[ŽŽ‘¯6Ÿñ33„A33ffŽŽ‘¯6ŸâÒIŽŽŽ‘¯6Ÿ¿GŽŽŽ‘3/4Ÿö33„ffÿþ‘÷Ÿ„ffÿþ–þLÍ£ÌÍ„ff‘ùÌÎŽ›LÍŸû33„ffÿþ“ŸLÍ„€ff‘ùÌÎŽ˜Ÿý³3„ffÿþ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ– ™˜¤ý€„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ‘:{ÿŸµ„™šff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ÌÊŸý€ ŽŽ‘|¯'Ÿñ33„A33ffŽŽ’ƒ•ŽŸö33„ff ý‘÷žÌÍ ‘ÿŸý€ŽŽŽ‘kâ^Ÿ±àÖ ŽŽ’…ŸÃùš„yšff™šŸî†fÒŽŽ‘Ç3<Ÿä†fë{tr‘oÒEŽ–/„EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽŽ‘fbŸìf„©šff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ ™˜Ÿý€„ ¹šff‘ùÌÎŽ‘LÍŸý³3„ffÿþ‘þLÍžÌÍ„ Éšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’ÁƒŸñ33„A33ffŽŽ’ªH»Ÿõ`Ö ŽŽ’ÇûêŸö33„ff ý‘÷žÌÍÒ ‘ÿŸý€ŽŽŽ’É{韾ùš„yšff™šŸî†fŽ–™—¤€„yšff™šŸî†fŽ“¡„yšff™šŸî†fŽ“¡„yšff™šŸî†fŽ“¡„yšff™šŸî†fŽ“¡„yšff™šŸî†fŽŽ’5{ןñ33„A33ffŽŽ’¯Ÿõ`ÖŽŽ’Ÿö33„ff ý‘÷žÌÍÒ ‘ÿŸý€ŽŽŸ ÌÍ’ÿ>NEŽ–¶EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽ“EŽŽŽ’C¯ Ÿ¼€„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ–™—¤€„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ LÌŸ³3„ffÿþ‘þLÍžÌÍ„yšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’©â+Ÿñ33„A33ffŽŽŽŽŽŒ‹8Õ1 × ý%ÿì»56’’óëvCHAPTER–¦f2.‘„CPRA²!CTICAL“USEŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ ‘»whose–¦fcoMÞding“isŽŸË-‘8>ë~\begin{music}ޤ ™š‘8>\instrumentnumber{1}Ž¡‘8>\setstaffs12Ž¡‘8>\setclef1{6000}Ž¡‘8>%Ž¡‘8>\startextractŽ¡‘8>\notes\qu{CDEFGH}|\hu–¿ªk\sk\ITrille“1p\itenu1l\wh“l\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barŽ¡‘8>\notes\Itrille–¿ª2A\itenu1e\whp“E|\tten1\hlp“l\sk\Ttrille“1\qu“{mno}\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barŽ¡‘8>\Notes\tten1\itenu1E\whp‘¿ªE|\ql{nmlkji}\Toctfin1\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barŽ¡‘8>\Notes\tten1\whp‘¿ªE\sk\sk\sk\sk\Ttrille2|\qu{hgfedc}\enotesŽ¡‘8>\endextractŽŸ'é!ë}2.17.6.3Ž‘6‘/Piano–2pY‹edal“commandsŽŸcFë~\PEDޑ׷»inserts–Ùthe“piano“pšMÞedal“command“b˜elo²!w“the“sta ;‘òdp˜edal“release“is“sp˜eci ed“b²!y“ë~\DEPޑ׷»;‘òdalsoŽ¡a²!v›ÿdDailable–š>are“shorter“v˜arianš²!ts“of“the“pMÞedal“signs“whic˜h“are“in˜v˜ok˜ed“with“ë~\sPEDŽ‘#òλand“ë~\sDEPŽ‘ X»;‘žLth˜usŽ¡the–¦ffollo²!wing“exampleŽŸb!ŸÐ€ŽŽŽ‘wŽŸÐ€Õ€ Ž‘wŽŸÝ33‰ffÖÌ«¤‰ffÖÌ«¡‰ffÖÌ«¡‰ffÖÌ«¡‰ffÖÌ«ŽŽ‘wŽŸ°33‰ffÖÌ«¤‰ffÖÌ«¡‰ffÖÌ«¡‰ffÖÌ«¡‰ffÖÌ«ŽŽ‘wŽŸñ33„A33ffŽŽ‘wŽŸâÒIŽŽŽ‘wŽŸ¿GŽŽŽ’‘‹Ÿý€#Ž’‘‹Ÿé€ ŽŽ’–âWŸ¼€„yšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’®âSŸ¿„yšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’ÆâOŸµ„™šff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’ÙŸý€!ŽŽ’ë|Ÿñ33„A33ffŽŽ’ó{âŸý€"Ž’ó{âŸé€ ŽŽ’ùH®Ÿ¼€„yšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’HªŸ¿„yšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’)H¦Ÿµ„™šff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’;{ÖŸý€hŽŽ’M{ÓŸñ33„A33ffŽŽŽŸÿv»w²!as–¦fcoMÞded“as:Ž©Ë-‘ ÷èë~\NOtes\PED\wh‘¿ªJ|\quŽ¡‘8>h\enotesŽ¡‘ ÷è\NOtes|\qu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘ ÷è\NOtes|\hu‘¿ªk\enotesŽ¡‘ ÷è\Notes\DEP\enotes‘¿ª\barŽ¡‘ ÷è\NOtes\sPED\wh–¿ªJ|\qu“h\enotesŽ¡‘ ÷è\NOtes|\qu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘ ÷è\NOtes|\hu‘¿ªk\enotesŽ¡‘ ÷è\Notes\sDEP\enotesŽ¡¦‘»The–=¿v²!ertical“pšMÞosition“of“ë~\PEDŽ‘ë~\mordentŽ‘LÛôëyp–¦f»for“ÒYŽŽ‘ ÜÍ»,ޤ÷â‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\MordentŽ‘LÛôëyp‘¦f»for‘ 8VÒwŽŽ‘5»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\shakeŽ‘A\ ëyp–¦f»for“ÒWŽŽ‘ ÜÍ»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\ShakeŽ‘A\ ëyp‘¦f»for‘ 8VÒXŽŽ‘5»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\ShakelŽ‘GJëyp‘¦f»for‘ 8VÒjŽŽ‘5»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\ShakeswŽ‘LÛôëyp‘¦f»for‘ 8VÒlŽŽ‘5»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\ShakeneŽ‘LÛôëyp‘¦f»for‘ 8VÒmŽŽ‘5»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\ShakenwŽ‘LÛôëyp‘¦f»for‘ 8VÒkŽŽ‘5»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\turnŽ‘;œöëyp‘¦f»for‘ 8VÒDŽŽ‘5»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\backturnŽ‘R›žëyp‘¦f»for‘ 8VÒCŽŽ‘5»,Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\fermataupŽ‘X[Hëyp–¦f»puts“a“ëvfermata“»at“pitc²!h“ëyp».‘ÝÝNo“spacing“oMÞccurs.Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\fermatadownŽ‘cÚœëyp–¦f»puts“a“rev²!erse“ëvfermata“»at“the“same“place.Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\FermataupŽ‘X=íëyp–‰ »puts“a“ëvfermata“»at“pitcš²!h“ëyp“»cen˜tered“abMÞo˜v˜e“a“whole“note.‘ÔNo“spacing“oMÞccurs.Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\FermatadownŽ‘cÚœëyp–¦f»puts“a“rev²!erse“ëvfermata“»at“the“same“place.Ž¡‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»A‘á&big–áwëvbreathing‘Ñ»comma“can“bšMÞe“put“ab˜o•²!v“e–áwthe“sta “|“to“indicate“where“the“singer“isޤ ™š‘8>w²!elcome–î_to“breath,‘-or“to“indicate“a“short“rest“|“using“ë~\zbreathŽ‘3Ú»(no“spacing)“or“ë~\cbreathŽŽ¡‘8>»(cenš²!tred–»5in“a“ë~\noteskip“»space).‘KThe“MusicT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“ë~\breathŽ‘1´»is“no“more“a˜v‘ÿdDailable“since“itŽ¡‘8>in•²!v“olv“ed–¤?a“\hard"“spacing“of“the“width“of“that“c•²!haracter,‘¤­whic“h–¤?resulted“in“troubles“withŽ¡‘8>MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X.ŽŸ÷â‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»The‘¦fë~\caesuraŽ‘5J»command–¦fcan“also“bMÞe“used“to“insert“a“small“slash,“suc²!h“asŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’½H¶ŸÝ33‰ffJf[¤‰ffJf[¡‰ffJf[¡‰ffJf[¡‰ffJf[ŽŽ’½H¶Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’½H¶ŸìÒGŽŽŽ’ÝŸä€„‰šff‘ùÌÎŽ‘óÌÏŸ €4Ž‘ùÌΟ)š„©šff™šŸñVfŽ‘™˜ŸñVfOŽŽ’ûzŸä€„@ff™š(Ž‘ùÌÎŽ‘ùÌΟÀ„@ff™š-Ž™šŸïÀŽŽ’H«Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸ¼»Å2.17.7Ž‘0Dynamic‘€signsŽŸÛ#»V‘ÿearious–õÑdynamic“signs“can“bšMÞe“p˜osted“with“ë~\crescendoŽ‘=ru{ëylš7)ë~}“»or“ë~\decrescendoŽ‘HñÉ{ëyl˜ë~}»,‘ «to“bMÞe“used“asŽ¡argumen²!ts–¦fto“ë~\zcharnote»,“ë~\zchar»,“ë~\uptext»,“ë~\zmidstaff»,“etc.ޤȾ‘Note:‘ÝÝThe–¦fbiggest“sign“is“ëz'“»68“mm“long.Ž¡‘Alternately–~*they“can“bšMÞe“pro˜duced“using“the“pair“of“ë~\icrescŽ›19ú»and“ë~\tcrescŽ˜»or“ë~\tdecrescŽ‘8;$».ޤ 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d¸»,–¦fresulting“in“Ìp–ÿ36p“p“p»,›¦fÌp“p“p»,˜Ìp“p»,˜Ìp»,˜Ìm“p»,˜Ìm‘þª¬f»,˜Ìf»,˜Ìf‘ÿwvp»,˜ë{s“Ìf»,˜Ìf–ÿwvf»,˜Ìf“f“f˜»and˜Ìf“f“f“f».ŽŸ#ZòÅ2.17.8Ž‘0Length–€of“note“stemsŽŸ³ù»Normally‘ÿe,›Öîthe–šlength“of“note“stems“is“the“distance“of“one“oMÞcta•²!v“e,˜i.e.–¸¾ë~7\internote».“This‘šisŽ¡equiv‘ÿdDalenš²!t–žto“4.66“ë~\interbeamŽ‘>œB».‘ I„The“length“of“the“stems“ma˜y“bMÞe“c˜hanged“using“the“macroŽ¡ë~\stemlenghtŽ‘?ë~\lparŽ‘7ö{ëypë~}–ãì»and“ë~\rparŽ‘¢>{ëypë~}“»whicš²!h“yield“small“paren˜thesis“to“enclose“notes.‘ These“are“used“forŽ¡‘8>ëvcautionary‘PÞ»accidenš²!tals–`Æbut“more“comprehensiv˜e“macros“ful ll“that“spšMÞeci c“purp˜ose“(seeŽ¡‘8>2.10)Ž©¹‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\bracketŽ‘I5Ž{ëypë~}{ëynë~}–hz»to“pMÞost“square“brac•²!k“ets–hzof“width“ëyn»-inš²!ternotes“at“left“of“a“c˜hord.‘É9UsuallyŽ¡‘8>these›-Ãbrac•²!k“ets˜are˜used˜on˜k“eybMÞoard˜instrumen“ts˜to˜spMÞecify‘ÿe,‘Eäeither˜t“w“o˜neigh“bMÞouring˜notesŽ¡‘8>pla•²!y“ed–¦fwith“a“single“ 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X“will“use“the“nearest“symš²!bMÞol“size“a˜v‘ÿdDailable,“but“this“is“lik˜ely“to“bMÞe“rather“ugly‘ÿe.Ž¡‘An–¦falternate“and“equiv‘ÿdDalenš²!t“coMÞding“|“a“remnan˜t“from“MusicT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“|“could“bMÞe:Ž¡‘ë~\def\staffspacingiii{2.0}Ž¡‘\setsize–W@»mš²!ust“bMÞe“in˜v˜ok˜ed“bMÞefore“the“starting“command“ë~\startpiece»,‘gsince“this“statemen˜tަdoMÞes–rnot“only“cš²!hange“the“v˜ertical“spacing“bMÞet˜w˜een“sta “lines,‘|ˆbut“it“also“c˜hanges“the“size“of“theަk•²!ey‘ÿe,›¦facciden“tal˜and˜note˜sym“b•MÞols˜to˜ t˜the˜mo“di ed˜sta ˜line˜spacing.Ž¡‘Ho•²!w“ev“er,‘áVit›Õm“ust˜bMÞe˜emphasized˜that˜non-standard˜sta ˜spacings˜use˜the˜nearest˜a“v‘ÿdDailableަfonš²!t–VÈsize.‘ïThis“mak˜e“no“serious“problem“for“notes“and“acciden˜tals“whic˜h“ma˜y“bMÞe“sligh˜tly“toMÞoަsmall–‘or“tošMÞo“big,‘ËÆbut“clefs“and“rests“ma²!y“app˜ear“to“b˜e“shifted“up•²!w“ards–‘or“do•²!wn“w“ards.‘ùThisަtrouble–xºis“progressivš²!ely“remo˜v˜ed,‘Übut“it“requires“c˜hanging“the“ë~musix*“»fon˜ts,‘Üwith“some“pMÞossibleަcš²!haracters–¦fforgotten...‘ÝÝor“the“fact“that“user“uses“a“fon˜t“older“than“T.60“v˜ersion.Ž¡‘As–¼an“example,‘Ázwš²!e“giv˜e“t˜w˜o“bars“of“the“ëvAv˜e“Maria“»b˜y“Charles“ë|Gounod»,‘Ázbased“on“the“ rstަprelude–Ynof“Johann-Sebastian“Bac²!h's“ëvW›ÿeell“T˜empMÞered“Cla²!vier‘"—»(transcription“for“organ,‘hÓviolin“andަv²!oice,–¦fthanks“to“Markus“ë|Veittes»):ŽŽŽŒ‹?:r × ý%ÿìëv2.19.‘„CST‘ÿeAFF‘¦fSIZE’[’õ»63ŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨Ž °™ŠŸÐ€Õ€ ŽŸÝ33‰ffÄ÷Ǥ‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷ÇŽŽŸ°33‰ffÄ÷Ǥ‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷ÇŽŽŸŠfk‰ffÄ÷Ǥ32‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷ÇŽŽ ÿ^™©‰ffÄ÷Ǥ32‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷ÇŽŽŸñ33„’̽ffŽŽŸÐ€ŽŽŽŸ™œŽŽŽ ÿdÌÚŽŽŽŸâÒIŽŽŽŸ¿GŽŽŽ‘³5Ÿ“ÌÎÐGŽŽŽ‘³5 ÿh GŽŽŽ‘3ŸçÒSŽŽŽŽ‘3ŸºSŽŽŽŽ‘3Ÿ™œÐSŽŽŽŽ‘3 ÿdÌÚSŽŽŽŽ‘%왟Ø33„ffÿþ‘ø€ŸFg„yšff™šŸî†fÒŽ™šŸé†f@ŽŽ‘ ¼+Ÿî¹™„ffÿþ‘÷Ÿû„ffÿþ‘þLÍžÌÍ„ Ùšff‘ùÌΟý€ŽŽŽ‘'l˜ŸÄ?ŽŽŽ‘&vÖŸ‡39„ff‘û35Ÿ ûá„ /ff™šŸôÐìÐŽŽ ÿ}kŠ‘#Ž»gra|ŽŽ‘+n ÿffs„ /ff‘ûõÄÐŽŽ‘@±¸ŸË¬„ÿ¬ff™šŸñTÒŽ™œŸü@€ŽŽ‘¢‘Ÿû~¨€ŽŽŽ™œ€ŽŽ‘¢‘Ÿÿ>¨€ŽŽŽ‘ <*ŸþÑ„}ff™šŸèåƒŽŽ‘XvÙŸ«33„ffÿþ›ø€¤Ìy„ÿ¬ff™šŸâTŽ– <*„ ¬ff™šŸó€TŽ“„¬ff™šŸé€TŽ‘æTzŸýs5„fj&NŽ‘æTzŸ35„fj&NŽ‘ ¼+Ÿâ3‡„ffÿþ˜¡„ÿ¬ff™šŸâTŽŽ’‹ŸØ33„ffÿþ‘ø€ŸFg„yšff™šŸî†fŽ™šŸé†f@ŽŽ‘ ¼+Ÿî¹™„ffÿþ‘÷Ÿû„ffÿþ‘þLÍžÌÍ„ Ùšff‘ùÌΟý€ŽŽŽ’ŒŸÄ?ŽŽŽ‘[â]Ÿ…áOÖŽŽ’‹‹VŸ‡39„ff‘û35Ÿ2ô„f'ff™šŸí™ÙÐŽŽ‘[â] ÿg…*ÖLŽŽ’$î ÿffs„Ì‘ff‘ûõÄÐŽŽ’¥Æ8ŸË¬„ÿ¬ff™šŸñTÒŽ™œŸü@€ŽŽ‘¢‘Ÿû~¨€ŽŽŽ™œ€ŽŽ‘¢‘Ÿÿ>¨€ŽŽŽ‘ <*ŸþÑ„}ff™šŸèåƒŽŽ’¥Æ8Ÿ™f-„2øff™šŸøÍÐŽŽ ÿ}kŠ’¤ »|ŽŽ’$î ÿ]™âЀώ’™A ÿ_ˆ€ÏŽŽ’¤Ðv ÿn™£„ff‘ú=sŸ32„ff‘þ× žÌÍ„5cff‘ûõÄŽŽ’½‹YŸ«33„ffÿþ‘ø€ŸÌy„ÿ¬ff™šŸâTÒŽ‘ <*„ ¬ff™šŸó€TŽŽ’¿ XŸ™f-„Ì‘ff™šŸ÷3oÐŽŽ ÿ}kŠ’¿$ñ»ti‘¦f-ŽŽ’¾– ÿn™£„ff‘þ× Ÿff„ 3/ff™šŸÿ36Ð(Ž‘ûõÄŽŽ’ØPxŸÈÿ¬„¬ff™šŸé€TÒŽ‘æTzŸýs5„fj&NŽ‘æTzŸ35„fj&NŽ‘ ¼+Ÿâ3‡„ffÿþ‘ø€ŸÌy„ÿ¬ff™šŸâTŽŽ’ŒŸš*Ç„‰4L5ÆŽ’ØPxŸ™f-„ f*ff™šŸõ™ÖÐŽŽ ÿ}kŠ’ÙS«»aŽŽ’×Z¶ ÿn™£„ff‘þ× žÌÍ„ feff™šÐ(Ž‘ûõÄŽŽ’ñ•˜Ÿñ33„A33ffŽŽ’ñ•˜Ÿ—33„ ÿûffŽŽ’ñ•˜ ÿkfq„ ÿûffŽŽ’øèbŸØ33„ffÿþ‘ø€ŸFg„yšff™šŸî†fÒŽ™šŸé†f@ŽŽ‘ ¼+Ÿî¹™„ffÿþ‘þLÍŸýLÍ„ Ùšff‘ùÌÎŽŽŽ’úhaŸÄ?ŽŽŽ’úhaŸ˜•~„ /ff™šŸôÐìПþfgŽŽŽ ÿ}kŠ’÷)p»ple|ŽŽ’þ 7 ÿlÌׄ /ff‘ûõÄÐŽŽŽ’ ­‚ŸÁ€Ò4Ž’zMŸÁ€„¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ™œŸí@T€ŽŽ‘o^Ÿì†ª€ŽŽŽ™œŸé€T€ŽŽ‘o^Ÿèƪ€ŽŽŽ‘ <*Ÿû„dÛff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’2¿mŸµ„ÿ¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘ <*Ÿ €„¬ff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’LŸ¼€„¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘æTzŸîs‰„fj&㎑æTzŸê³‰„fj&㎑ <*Ÿø€„ÿ¬ff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’F7ÁŸ–36„ feff™šÐ-Ž™šŸõ™›ŽŽ’þ?j ÿZjóN¿» ÌÍ ÌÍxslhu13ëN€²Ž’6' ÿZjëEŽ’>Ë ÿZjëNŽŽŽ’IÛ— ÿk3>„ feff™šÐ(Ž‘ûõÄŽŽ’]üâŸØ33„ffÿþ‘ø€ŸFg„yšff™šŸî†fÒŽ™šŸé†f@ŽŽ‘ ¼+Ÿî¹™„ffÿþ‘þLÍŸýLÍ„ Ùšff‘ùÌÎŽŽŽ’_|áŸÄ?ŽŽŽ’_|៘•~„ /ff™šŸôÐìÐŽŽ ÿ}kŠ’[ð»na,ŽŽ’c · ÿlÌׄ /ff‘ûõÄÐŽŽ’~ŽÍŸÁ€„¬ff‘ùÌÎÒŽ™œŸí@T€ŽŽ‘o^Ÿì†ª€ŽŽŽ™œŸé€T€ŽŽ‘o^Ÿèƪ€ŽŽŽ‘ <*Ÿû„dÛff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’—Óퟵ„ÿ¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ– <*Ÿ €„¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ“Ÿû„¬ff‘ùÌÎŽ‘æTzŸîs‰„fj&㎑æTzŸê³‰„fj&㎓Ÿø€„ÿ¬ff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’’!Ÿ—Ð>ŽŽŽ’’! ÿk3@>ŽŽŽ’Ä‘aŸñ33„A33ffŽŽ’Ä‘aŸ—33„ ÿûffŽŽ’Ä‘a ÿkfq„ ÿûffŽŽŽŸ}ä‘»This–¦fexample“w²!as“coMÞded“as:ŽŸ)Fx‘8>ë~\def\oct{\advance\transpose–¿ªby“7}ޤ ™š‘8>\def\liftqs#1{\raise#1\Interligne\qs}Ž¡‘8>\parindent0ptŽ¡‘8>\sepbarrulesŽ¡‘8>\instrumentnumber{3}Ž¡‘8>\generalmeter{\meterC}Ž¡‘8>\setinterinstrument2{3\Interligne}Ž¡‘8>\setsize3\tinyvalueŽ¡‘8>\setsize2\tinyvalueŽ¡‘8>\setclef1\bassŽ¡‘8>\setstaffs1{2}Ž¡‘8>\startpiece\addspace\afterruleskipŽ¡‘8>%Takt‘¿ª9Ž¡‘8>\notes\zhl–¿ªc\liftqs6\qupp“e|\ds&\octŽ¡‘&·’\itieu5h\hl–¿ªh&\tx“~~~gra---*\itied4h\hu“h\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes|\ibbl0j3\qb0h\tqb0l\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes|\ibbl1k0\qb1{ohl}\tqb1o\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\zhl–¿ªc\liftqs6\qupp“e|\ds&\octŽ¡‘&·’\ttie5\ibl4c0\qb4h&\ttie4\ibu5g{-3}\qb5h\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes|\ibbl0j3\qb0h\tqb0l&\oct\qb4a&\tx‘¿ª---*\tqh5a\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes|\ibbl1k0\qb1o\qb1h&\oct\qb4b&\tx–¿ª~~ti~-*\cu“b\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes|\qb1l\tqb1o&\oct\tqb4c&\tx–¿ªa*\cu“c\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barŽ¡‘8>%Takt‘¿ª10Ž¡‘8>\notes\zhl–¿ªc\liftqs6\qupp“d|\ds&\octŽ¡‘&·’\qlp–¿ªd&\tx“~~~ple---*\ibsluru4e\qup“d\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes|\ibbu1g3\bigaccid\qb1{^f}\tqh1h\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes|\ibbu2i0\qb2k\qb2f\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes|\qb2h\tqh2k&\oct\cl–¿ªe&\curve222\tubslur4f\cu“e\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\zhl–¿ªc\liftqs6\qupp“d|\ds&\oct\ql“d&\tx“na,*\qu“d\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes|\ibbu1g3\qb1f\tqh1h\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes|\ibbu2i0\qb2{kfh}\tqh2k&\qp&\qp\enotesŽ¡‘8>\endpieceŽŽŽŒ‹@FР× ý%ÿì»64’’óëvCHAPTER–¦f2.‘„CPRA²!CTICAL“USEŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ Ç2.20Ž‘,ÿüLa•ŒÌy“out‘ffparametersŽŸm:»Most›·dla•²!y“out˜parameters˜are˜set˜b“y˜MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X˜to˜reasonable˜default˜v‘ÿdDalues.‘ÖHo“w“ev“er,‘»£sophisti-ޤ ™šcated–UºscoresŸü¾¼29ŽŽ‘ U»maš²!y“need“more“place“bMÞelo˜w“the“lo˜w˜est“sta ,‘eÜbMÞet˜w˜een“sta˜v˜es,‘eÜetc.‘ …òW‘ÿee“giv˜e“bMÞelo˜wŽ¡a–¦fshort“list“of“the“most“signi can²!t“parameters.ŽŸ J#Å2.20.1Ž‘0List–€of“la• y“out‘€parametersŽŸ§®ëvREMARK:–•¼the“menš²!tion“\(NOT‘•=to“bMÞe“c˜hangednR)"“doMÞes“not“mean“that“this“parameter“can-Ž¡not–DäbšMÞe“c²!hanged,‘¬ƒbut“that“it“should“not“b˜e“mo˜di ed“directly‘ÿe,‘¬ƒe.g.“bš²!y“sa˜ying“something“lik˜eŽ¡ë~\Interligne=14ptëv.‘ÓçIn–ˆ…other“w•²!ords,‘Žc“hanging–ˆ…these“parameters“m²!ust“bšMÞe“p˜erformed“using“moreŽ¡comprehensivš²!e–f…macros“whic˜h“not“only“upšMÞdate“them“but“also“p˜erform“some“other“compulsoryŽ¡related‘¦fc²!hanges.ŽŸŒ¨ë~\InterligneŽ‘CnÛë}:ŽŽ‘L_÷»vš²!ertical–Ä$distance“bMÞet˜w˜een“the“base“of“sta “lines“of“the“curren˜t“instrumen˜t,‘ñetakingŽ¡‘8>no–¦faccoun²!t“of“a“pšMÞossible“sp˜eci cation“of“ë~\setsizeëynŽ‘;ܰ»(ëvNOT“to“b˜e“c²!hangednR»).Ž©øë~\internoteŽ‘=¯1ë}:ŽŽ‘F M»the–Óövš²!ertical“spacing“of“con˜tiguous“notes“of“the“curren˜t“instrumen˜t,‘þ taking“accoun˜tŽ¡‘8>of–¦fa“pšMÞossible“sp˜eci cation“of“ë~\setsizeëynŽ‘;ܰ»(ëvNOT“to“b˜e“c²!hangednR»).ަë~\InternoteŽ‘=¯1ë}:ŽŽ‘F M»the–)Cvš²!ertical“spacing“of“con˜tiguous“notes“of“the“instrumen˜t(s)“whose“ë~\setsizeëynŽŽ¡‘8>»has–_%the“ëvdefault“v‘ÿdDalue‘ü,»of“one“(ë~\normalvalueŽ‘Dûø»),‘Ui.e.“the“half“of“ë~\Interligne“»(ëvNOT‘^öto“bMÞeŽ¡‘8>c²!hangednR»)ަë~\staffbotmargŽ‘Nî/ë}:ŽŽ‘WßK»margin–,mbMÞeloš²!w“the“ rst“sta “of“the“lo˜w˜est“instrumen˜t.‘µ5Changes“are“recognizedŽ¡‘8>at–¦fthe“next“system“and“default“is“ë~3\Interligne».ަë~\stafftopmargŽ‘Nî/ë}:ŽŽ‘WßK»margin›yÕabMÞo•²!v“e˜the˜upp•MÞer˜sta ˜of˜the˜upp“er˜instrumen²!t.‘y­Changes˜are˜recognizedŽ¡‘8>at–¦fthe“next“system“and“default“is“ë~3\Interligne».ަë~\interbeamŽ‘=¯1ë}:ŽŽ‘F M»vš²!ertical–¦fdistance“bMÞet˜w˜een“bšMÞeams.‘ÝÝ(ëvNOT“to“b˜e“c²!hangednR»).ަë~\interporteeŽ‘I.…ë}:ŽŽ‘R¡»the–distance“bšMÞet•²!w“een–the“b˜ottom“of“one“sta “and“the“b˜ottom“of“the“next“one.Ž¡‘8>It–›Tis“set“to“ë~2\interstaffŽ‘?ë~\interportee–¦f»will“ha•²!v“e–¦fno“e ect.ަë~\interinstrumentŽ‘`--ë}:ŽŽ‘iI»the–×additional“vš²!ertical“distance“bMÞet˜w˜een“t˜w˜o“di eren˜t“instrumen˜ts.‘1ThisŽ¡‘8>means–õ¢that“the“distance“bšMÞet•²!w“een–õ¢the“upp˜er“sta “of“the“previous“instrumenš²!t“and“the“lo˜w˜estŽ¡‘8>line–؇of“the“currenš²!t“instrumen˜t“is“equal“to“ë~\interportee+\interinstrumentŽ’ªŽÉ».‘t@This“v‘ÿdDalueŽ¡‘8>is–Y"normally“zero,‘…Ñbut“it“helps“putting“additional“space“bMÞet•²!w“een–Y"distinct“instrumen²!ts“forŽ¡‘8>the–Ìsakš²!e“of“clarit˜y‘ÿe.‘®TThis“is“a“general“dimension“register“whic˜h“holds“for“eac˜h“of“the“v˜erticalŽ¡‘8>spaces›’þbMÞet•²!w“een˜instrumen“ts,‘Î$except˜abMÞo“v“e˜the˜uppMÞer˜one,‘Î$in˜whic“h˜case˜this˜in“terv‘ÿdDal˜isŽ¡‘8>irrelev‘ÿdDanš²!t.‘ÝÝAs–¦fusual“in“T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X,“it“can“bMÞe“set“using“a“command“suc˜h“asޤI‘8>ë~\interinstrument=10ptŽ¡‘8>»orŽ¡‘8>ë~\interinstrument=6\internoteŽ¡‘8>»Ho•²!w“ev“er,‘øthis–ç¾general“parameter“can“bšMÞe“o•²!v“erridden–ç¾for“the“space“ab˜o•²!v“e–ç¾a“sp˜eci c“instru-ŽŸ ™š‘8>men²!t.‘ÝÝF‘ÿeor–¦fexample“(see“the“example“ë~angescao.tex»)“one“can“state:Ž¡‘8>ë~\setinterinstrumentŽ’ŒBëynë~{1\Interligne}ŽŸ Ì´‰ffµ/4Ÿ L͑џü-=ëm29ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿T‘ÿ:«o–ãour“kno¾9wledge,›ƒthe“most“complicated“scores“are“those“written“for“the“piano,˜during“the“roman¾9tic“andŽŸ p•AÇost-roman¾9tic‘Tp“erio“ds.ŽŽŽŒ‹AX‡ × ý%ÿìëv2.20.‘„CLA–ÿeYOUT‘¦fP“ARAMETERS’T‹»65ŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ ‘8>to–àÄforce“an“additional“spacing“of“one“ë~\Interligne“»abMÞo•²!v“e›àÄinstrumen“t˜ëyn»,‘Kwhatev“er˜the˜v‘ÿdDalueޤ ™š‘8>of‘õ!ë~\interinstrumentŽ‘^ïÁ».‘¢ÆThis–õ!feature“can“usefully“bšMÞe“used“to“ha•²!v“e–õ!more“space“b˜efore“instru-Ž¡‘8>men•²!ts›órepresen“ting˜ëvv“oicess‚»,‘Gin˜order˜to˜ha“v“e˜enough˜place˜to˜put˜ëvlyrics‘fœ»without˜assigningŽ¡‘8>these–ðŒlyrics“a“zero“sta “spMÞeci c“instrumenš²!t“(useful“to“a˜v˜oid“ha˜ving“toMÞo“man˜y“declaredŽ¡‘8>instrumenš²!ts–¦fin“a“c˜hoir“score).Ž©Bm‘8>The–æÌë~\setinterinstrument“»is“idenš²!tical“to“the“ancien˜t“|“and“still“w˜orking“|“MusicT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B XŽ¡‘8>command:ަ‘8>ë~\def\interinstrumentiiiŽ‘m9ž{5\interligne}ަ‘8>»to–¦fadd“5ë~\interligne“»abMÞo•²!v“e–¦fthe“3rd“instrumen²!t.Ž©ë@ë~\systemheightŽ‘Nî/ë}:ŽŽ‘WßK»the–•distance“from“the“bMÞottom“of“the“lo•²!w“est–•sta “to“the“top“of“the“highest“sta Ž¡‘8>of–¿the“uppMÞer“instrumenš²!t.‘1éThis“is“the“heigh˜t“of“the“v˜ertical“bars“(single,–4double,“repMÞeats,Ž¡‘8>etc.)‘ÝÝ(ëvNOT–¦fto“bMÞe“c²!hangednR»).ŽŸë?In–öùaddition,‘when“handling“notes“of“a“givš²!en“sta “of“a“giv˜en“instrumen˜t,‘the“follo˜wing“dimensionsŽ¡are–¦fa²!v›ÿdDailable“(note“these“are“not“true“registers,“but“ëvequiv˜alenced“sym²!bMÞols‘è»through“a“ë~\def»):ŽŸÖÖ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\altplancherŽ‘ek»:‘ÿ¦the–7Kaltitude“of“the“lo•²!w“est–7Kline“of“the“lo•²!w“est›7Kinstrumen“t˜(ëvNOT‘6äto˜bMÞeŽ¡‘8>c²!hangednR»).ަ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\altitudeŽ‘S°»:‘àthe–'xaltitude“of“the“lo•²!w“est–'xline“of“the“lo•²!w“est–'xsta “of“the“currenš²!t“instrumen˜tŽ¡‘8>(ëvNOT–¦fto“bMÞe“c²!hangednR»).ަ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\altporteeŽ‘X[H»:‘ÝÝthe–¦faltitude“of“the“lo•²!w“est–¦fline“of“the“currenš²!t“sta “(ëvNOT“to“bMÞe“c˜hangednR»).ަ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\stemfactorŽ‘_75»:‘ca–©parameter“de ning“the“size“of“half,‘ ¹quarter“and“hoMÞokš²!ed“eigh˜th“notesŽ¡‘8>stems.›ÆæNormally–aa“stem“has“the“length“of“one“oMÞcta•²!v“e,‘oHi.e.˜3.5ë~\InterligneŽ‘?is–~not“v‘ÿdDalid“for“small“size“notes“and,–†#therefore,“the–~stem“size“is“related“to“the“ë~\interbeamŽŽ¡‘8>»dimensions–èwhic²!h,›"in“turn,˜is“ëvnormally‘ñ»equal“to“0.75“ë~\InterligneŽ‘B=6».‘¦³Th²!us“the“normal“v‘ÿdDalueŽ¡‘8>of‘¦fë~\stemfactorŽ‘F‰»is–¦f4.66,“but“it“can“bšMÞe“shortened“for“an²!y“purp˜ose“bš²!y“sa˜ying,“for“example:ŽŸBm‘8>ë~\stemlengthŽ‘ZtŒ{3.5}ŽŸ Ç)Å2.20.2Ž‘0Changing›€la• y“out˜parametersŽŸÓ§»Most–Š*of“these“v‘ÿdDalues“can“bšMÞe“c²!hanged,‘Ïbut“only“b˜et•²!w“een–Š*the“end“of“the“previous“system“and“theŽ¡bšMÞeginning–èßof“the“next“one.‘¥HThis“can“b˜e“inserted“b˜et•²!w“een–èßa“ë~\stoppieceŽ‘ANb»(or“a“ë~\endpieceŽ‘7¥Ù»)“andŽ¡a‘¦fë~\contpieceŽ‘@Ép»(or–¦fa“ë~\startpieceŽ‘Bâ´»),“but“it“is“wiser“to“sa²!y‘ÿe,“for“example:ޤ®‘ë~\def\atnextline{\stafftopmarg=5\Interligne}Ž¡‘»The–Suser“maš²!y“prefer“to“c˜hange“ë~\staffbotmargŽ‘QaÔ»or“to“feed“ë~\interstaffŽ‘E※with“a“giv˜en“in˜tegerޤ ™šn•²!um“bšMÞer,‘væbut–kthis“can“b˜e“done“only“b˜et•²!w“een–ka“ë~\stoppieceŽ‘@R°»(or“a“ë~\endpieceŽ‘7(»)“and“a“ë~\contpieceŽŽ¡»(or–¦fa“ë~\startpieceŽ‘Bâ´»),“but“it“is“wiser“to“use“ë~\atnextlineŽ‘F‰»as“previously‘ÿe.Ž©®‘It–\™is“also“wise“to“use“ë~\atnextlineŽ‘Iõ€»to“cš²!hange“the“the“n˜um˜bMÞer“of“instrumen˜ts,‘Ê%the“sta Ž¡spacings,‘"µthe› Ùn•²!um“bMÞer˜of˜sta s˜at˜the˜next˜line...‘5pro“vided˜that˜the˜coMÞding˜of˜the˜notes˜ëvresistsŽ¡»an–¦funexpMÞected“line“c²!hange“executing“the“ë~\atnextlineŽ‘Bâ´».ŽŸ Ç)Å2.20.3Ž‘0Changing–€the“sta “distance“within“systemsŽŸÓ§»The–CÑvš²!ertical“distance“of“instrumen˜ts“with“more“than“one“sta “can“bMÞe“c˜hanged,‘k+either“outsideŽ¡ë~\startpiece»...ë~\endpiece–¦f»or“using“ë~\atnextlineŽ‘Bâ´»,“bš²!y“sa˜ying:ަ‘ë~\interstaffŽ‘Pexplicitely“spMÞeci ed,›sta s“consist“of“ v²!e“lines,˜in“accordance“to“the“normal“w•²!a“y–ó>of“coMÞdingޤ ™šm•²!usic›¦fscores.‘ÝÝHo“w“ev“er,˜exceptions˜migh“t˜bMÞe˜preferred˜when˜using˜MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X˜:ŽŸ« ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ëvgregorian–¦fmš²!usic‘Pj»is“often“written“using“sta “of“four“lines“instead“of“ v˜eŸü¾¼30ŽŽ‘ »,Ž©ú‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ëvpMÞercussion–žYm²!usic‘H]»(e.g.“drums,›Ÿötriangle)“needs“one,˜t•²!w“o,˜three–žYor“ v²!e“lines,˜since“the“pitc²!hŽ¡‘8>cannot–¦fcš²!hange“but“the“n˜um˜bšMÞer“of“p˜ercussion“instrumen²!ts.ަ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ëvguitar–Ytablature‘ö»needs“six“lines.‘õ¬Although“ëvreal‘ÇR»guitar“pla•²!y“ers–Yhate“guitar“tablature,‘…¦forŽ¡‘8>bMÞeginners–Ý1they“are“a“big“help.›šÌNot“ready“y²!et.˜The“lines“are,‘obut“not“the“additional“macros.Ž¡¦‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»Early–¦fbaroMÞque“m²!usic“sometimes“uses“sta s“with“6,“7,“or“8“lines.ŽŸ!D¤Therefore–¸§MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“alloš²!ws“for“c˜hoMÞosing“the“n˜um˜bMÞer“of“lines“of“the“sta s“of“an“instrumen˜t.Ž¡This–—|is“done“bš²!y“ë~\setlinesŽ‘:ëòëynë~{ëyN‘1Ÿë~}“»|“where“ëyn“»is“the“n˜um˜bMÞer“of“the“w˜an˜ted“instrumen˜t“as“usualŽ¡|–£Rand“ëyN‘Ôñ»the“n•²!um“bšMÞer–£Rof“lines“of“the“sp˜eci c“sta .‘Ô Allo•²!w“ed‘£Rn“um“b˜ers–£Rare“up“to“9“lines.‘Ô F‘ÿeorŽ¡example:ޤJ‘ë~\setlinesŽ‘D¼ú2{4}Ž¡‘»will–×Ñmakš²!e“the“instrumen˜t“n˜um˜bMÞer“2“to“ha˜v˜e“sta s“of“four“lines,›$+that“is,˜ t“for“gregorianޤ ™šm²!usic.ŽŸ¸Å2.20.5Ž‘0Resetting–€normal“la• y“out‘€parametersŽŸ\z»Except–¯tthe“general“size“whicš²!h“has“to“bMÞe“explicitely“c˜hanged“if“needed“using“ë~\smallmusicsizeŽ‘Yêj»,Ž¡ë~\normalmusicsizeŽ‘[ú »,‘Ïë~\largemusicsizeŽ‘[ »,–Ïor‘“¾ë~\LargemusicsizeŽ‘Zδ»,“all›“¾la•²!y“out˜registers˜are˜reset˜toŽ¡default–¦fv‘ÿdDalues“bš²!y“ë~\resetlayoutŽ‘H¢^»,“whic˜h“are“explicitly:ޤ« ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\staffbotmargŽ‘išF»and‘¦fë~\stafftopmargŽ‘Rn»are–¦fset“to“ë~3\Interligne».ަ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ë~\interstaffŽ‘^ò»is–¦fset“to“ë~9».ަ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»The›¦fn•²!um“bMÞer˜of˜lines˜of˜all˜instrumen“ts˜are˜reset˜to˜5.ަ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»All–¦fclef“symš²!bMÞols“are“standard“clef“sym˜bMÞols.Ž¡Besides,–¦fsaš²!ying“ë~\begin{music}Ž‘Rn»in˜v˜ok˜es“ë~\resetlayout».ŽŸ 6J‰ffµ/4Ÿ L͑џü-=ëm30ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿German:‘pë…Quadratnotation¿.ŽŽŽŒ‹Cwa × ý%ÿìëv2.20.‘„CLA–ÿeYOUT‘¦fP“ARAMETERS’T‹»67ŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ Å2.20.6Ž‘0T yp`esetting–€one-line“excerpts“rather“than“large“scoresŽŸØQ»V‘ÿeery–O—often,‘yãwhat“is“w•²!an“ted–O—is“not“to“tš²!ypMÞeset“a“large“comprehensiv˜e“score“of“sev˜eral“lines“andޤ ™špages,›3òbut–äpan“excerpt“of“one“or“t•²!w“o–äpbars,˜preferably“cenš²!tered“suc˜h“as“the“v‘ÿdDarious“examplesŽ¡of–þ3this“manš²!ual.‘åCThis“can“bMÞe“done“simply“b˜y“replacing“ë~\startpieceŽ‘G8´»with“ë~\startextractŽ‘R¸»andŽ¡ë~\endpiece–ä,»or“ë~\stoppiece“»with“ë~\endextractŽ‘D z».‘—/It“is“sometimes“useful“to“get“more“than“oneŽ¡excerpt–¦fin“one“line,“this“can“bMÞe“done“with“rede ning“of“ë~\extractlineŽ‘H¢^».ޤÅì‘With‘¦fsa²!ying:Ž¡‘ë~\let\extractline\hboxŽŽ¡‘»yš²!ou–êcan“put“more“than“one“example“in“one“line.‘© Helpful“for“getting“ëvm˜usical“foMÞotnotess‚»,‘'whic˜hŽ© ™šexplain–¦fthe“plaš²!ying“of“spMÞecial“trills“or“giv˜e“alternativ˜e“w˜a˜ys“of“pla˜ying,“is“the“rede ning“to:Ž¡‘ë~\let\extractline\leftlineŽŽ¡‘»Beside,–¦fall“cš²!hanges“in˜bMÞet˜w˜een“ë~\begin{music}Ž‘Nb»...ë~\end{music}Ž‘Bâ´»are“loMÞcal,“means“not“global.Ž¡‘If–™#yš²!ou“w˜an˜t“to“terminate“it“without“a“bar,‘UÑy˜ou“coMÞde“ë~\zendextractŽ‘R.>»whic˜h“acts“lik˜eަë~\zstoppiece».ŽŸ·@Å2.20.7Ž‘0*LyricsŽŸØQ»While–‡Óthey“pMÞose“nearly“no“problem“with“MusicT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“whicš²!h“w˜orks“using“the“glue“facilit˜y“of“T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X,ަlyrics–9>raise“sev²!eral“serious“diculties“with“MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X.‘¹{The“reason“for“that“is“that“lyrics“usuallyަconsist–NÌof“ëvtext‘‹Ì»whicš²!h“in“turn“consists“of“c˜haracters“whose“width“is“de nitely“not“stretc˜hable“norަshrink‘ÿdDable–¦fpropMÞortionally“to“ë~\noteskip“»or“ë~\elemskip».Ž¡‘Thš²!us–¦fthe“width“of“a“sequence“of“notes“lik˜eŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ’ÃHµŸÝ33‰ff>f]¤‰ff>f]¡‰ff>f]¡‰ff>f]¡‰ff>f]ŽŽ’ÃHµŸñ33„33ffŽŽ’ÃHµŸìÒGŽŽŽ’ÝH²Ÿý€»W‘ÿeordsŽ’ã~Ÿé€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’H¬Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽ¡»maš²!y–D bMÞe“either“the“width“of“\ë~Words‘¿ª»"“with“the“curren˜t“fon˜t,‘WÈor“it“ma˜y“bMÞe“ë~1\elemskip»,‘WÈwhatev˜erަthe–g¶largest.‘!ÌIn“the“ rst“case,›˜ the“width“is“ xed“(see“ë~\hardspaceŽ‘=äZ»),˜in“the“second“its“width“isަnot–´‹the“same“at“MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X's“ rst“and“second“passes.‘LBut“the“unfortunate“situation“is“thatަMusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X›Fúëvm•²!ust‘ƒú»kno“w˜whether˜this˜feature˜has˜a˜ëvhard‘µL»(not˜scalable)˜or˜a˜ëvscalable‘ä»width˜ëvat˜theަ rst–¦fpasss‚»,“while“the“inequalitš²!y“is“solv˜ed“only“at“the“second.Ž¡‘This–ýmeans“that,›9cin“addition“to“the“three“pass“system,˜the“used“m²!ust“run“trial“and“errorsަto–w+ nd“out“whether“some“lyrics“are“wider“that“the“ nal“note“spacing,‘€žor“smaller.‘ÎIn“that“case“aަwrong–%€decision“mighš²!t“lead“to“questionable“\ë~Underfull‘¿ªhbox»"-es“ lled“with“ugly“glue,‘?Hor“it“ma˜yަresult–¦fun“aš²!wful“\ë~Overfull‘¿ªhbox»"“with“its“hea˜vy“bar“punishmen˜t“and“pMÞossible“o˜v˜er“writings.Ž¡‘Ho•²!w“ev“er,›²bMÞefore–êdiscussing“this“problem,˜wš²!e“ rst“describMÞe“the“v‘ÿdDarious“w˜a˜ys“of“inserting“lyricsަunder–¦f|“or“abMÞo•²!v“e–¦f|“a“sta .ŽŸPÚë}2.20.7.1Ž‘6‘/Getting–2enough“v¦tertical“space“for“lyricsŽŸØQ»Since–Á­songs“are“usually“equiv‘ÿdDalenš²!t“to“a“one-sta “instrumen˜t“(pMÞossibly“with“sev˜eral“v˜oices)ަthe–P™recommended“solution“consists“in“adjusting“the“distance“bMÞet•²!w“een›P™instrumen“ts˜using˜ei-ަther‘Jë~\interinstrumentŽ‘_—ê=ëvanš²!y–JT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X-dimension“»to“giv˜e“more“place“bMÞelo˜w“all“instrumen˜ts“or“usingަë~\setinterinstrumentŽ‘qÛn»to–¡Ðmakš²!e“more“space“abMÞo˜v˜e.‘ÐNote“that“ë~\setinterinstrument“»de nesަspacing›kabMÞo•²!v“e˜and˜not˜bMÞelo“w˜and˜instrumen“t.‘ëSince˜lyrics˜are˜usually˜set˜bMÞelo“w˜the˜sta ,‘,,theަ rst–¦fargumenš²!t“of“a“ë~\setinterinstrument“»should“bMÞe“the“song“instrumen˜t“n˜um˜bMÞer“ëvmin˜us“one‘».Ž¡‘In–ãíthe“case“of“a“single“sta “tune,›óNor“if“the“song“instrumen²!t“is“the“ rst“one,˜then“additionalަplace–¦fcan“bMÞe“pro²!vided“using“ë~\staffbotmargŽ‘Nb».ŽŽŽŒ‹D„r × ý%ÿì»68’’óëvCHAPTER–¦f2.‘„CPRA²!CTICAL“USEŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ ë}2.20.7.2Ž‘6‘/P¦tosting‘2lyricsŽŸ—‚»Lyrics–¦fcan“bšMÞe“in²!tro˜duced“in“sevš²!eral“w˜a˜ys.ŽŸp ‘ BS1.ŽŽŽ‘8>One–üarc²!haic“solution“could“bšMÞe“to“de ne“a“sp˜ecial“instrumen²!t“for“the“lyrics“text,‘9awithoutޤ ™š‘8>e ectiv²!e–Pwsta ,‘ºûnamely“using“the“command“ë~\setstaffsŽ‘D’ëynë~{ëypë~}“»describMÞed“in“2.2.2.‘ ÜTheŽ¡‘8>incon•²!v“enience–înof“this“solution“is“that“it“increases“the“n•²!um“bMÞer–înof“instrumen•²!ts,‘@pwhic“h‘înisŽ¡‘8>limited–æto“6“in“standard“MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X,‘ “although“it“can“bMÞe“increased“to“9“using“ë~musixadd.texŽ¡‘8>»and–¦f12“with“ë~musixmad.tex».ŽŸÜ#‘8>Therefore,‘ ébšMÞetter–çÉsolutions“consist“is“p˜osting“the“lyrics“in“the“same“instrumen²!t“as“the“tune,Ž¡‘8>proš²!vided–¦fthat“in˜ter-instrumen˜t“spacing“has“bMÞeen“adapted.ŽŸp ‘ BS2.ŽŽŽ‘8>Another–íésimple“ob²!vious“solution“consists“in“using“the“command“ë~\zcharnoteŽ‘AXv»to“pMÞost“theŽ¡‘8>text–ó¬at“an²!y“pšMÞosition“(computed“in“ë~\internote»s)“with“resp˜ect“to“the“lo•²!w“er–ó¬line“of“theŽ¡‘8>currenš²!t–I-sta .‘Æ2The“pitc˜h“should“bMÞe“usually“negativ˜e“to“ha˜v˜e“the“text“bMÞelo˜w“the“sta .‘Æ2ItŽ¡‘8>could–›Ïalso“bšMÞe“sp˜eci ed“likš²!e“a“note“pitc˜h,‘Ù(for“example“\ë~a»"“if“the“song“is“in“G-clef.‘¾TheŽ¡‘8>dra•²!wbac“k–„0is“that“the“pitc²!h“has“to“bšMÞe“rep˜eated“for“eacš²!h“text“of“eac˜h“note,‘‹whic˜h“is“tideousŽ¡‘8>unless–¦fa“spšMÞecial“macro“has“b˜een“de ned.Ž©p ‘ BS3.ŽŽŽ‘8>Rather–·5than“ë~\zcharnote“»and“other“ë~\?charnote“»commands,‘ç one“should“rather“use“ë~\zcharŽ‘%51»,Ž¡‘8>ë~\ccharŽ‘AÙZ»(cenš²!tered)–# or“ë~\lcharŽ‘*Ä<»(expanded“to“left)“whic˜h“only“allo˜w“absolute“n˜um˜bMÞers“(in-Ž¡‘8>ternally–ÕØmš²!ultiplied“b˜y“ë~\internote»).‘l3These“command“ha˜v˜e“the“same“dra˜wbac˜k“as“abMÞo˜v˜e,Ž¡‘8>namely–¦fthe“v²!ertical“pšMÞosition“has“to“b˜e“rep˜eated“eac²!h“time.ަ‘ BS4.ŽŽŽ‘8>Of–á¿easier“use“are“the“commands“ë~\zsongŽ›(Az»(righ²!t“of“the“note),‘ ë~\lsongŽ‘(hÏ»(left)“and“ë~\csongŽ˜»(cen-Ž¡‘8>tered)–Ákwhicš²!h“pMÞost“the“lyrics“at“the“lo˜w˜er“sta “line“ëvmin˜us‘4í»the“previous“ë~\interinstrumentŽ‘a}vëynŽ¡‘8>»or–5ëthe“ë~\staffbotmargŽ‘S'x»quan•²!tit“y‘ÿe.‘ŒlThese–5ëcommands“only“ha•²!v“e–5ëone“argumen²!t,‘YÌnamely“theŽ¡‘8>lyrics‘¦ftext:ޤÜ#’ƒêë~\zsongŽ’¥Œæ{ëvtext•=ë~}‘ ó5\lsongŽ›-q1{ëvtext“ë~}‘ ó5\csongŽ˜{ëvtext“ë~}Ž¡‘8>»DepMÞending–£9on“the“v‘ÿdDalues“of“the“in•²!ter-instrumen“t–£9spacings“and“margins,‘£Ûthe“resulting“v²!er-ޤ ™š‘8>tical–aTpšMÞosition“migh²!t“b˜e“inappropriate.‘¨Then“it“can“b˜e“cš²!hanged“for“an˜y“spMÞeci c“ëyn»-th“in-Ž¡‘8>strumen•²!t›¦fun“til˜further˜c“hange˜usingŽŸ\#‘3,Ië~\setsongraiseŽ’ŽQëynë~{ëvan²!y‘¦fT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X-dimensionë~}ŽŸ3)‘8>»As–¦fan“example,“the“folloš²!wing“F‘ÿerenc˜h“songŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ‘ pzŸÝ33‰ff„Ó¤‰ff„Ó¡‰ff„Ó¡‰ff„Ó¡‰ff„ÓŽŽ‘ pzŸñ33„33ffŽŽ‘ pzŸìÒGŽŽŽ‘0ðxŸÝ4ŽŽŽŸ¸O‘CÝ»AuŽŽ‘H㩟ì„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O‘[Ù»clairŽŽ‘`㥟ì„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O‘sÕ»deŽŽ‘x㡟ì„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’‹Ñ»laŽŽ’ãŸé€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’£ÍŸñ33„33ffŽŽŸ¸O’«}3»lu-ŽŽ’±IÿŸç„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’Írñ»ne,ŽŽ’Ó?½Ÿé€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’ïh¯Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŸ¸O’÷Ï»monŽŽ’ý›áŸì„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’Ï»a-ŽŽ’›ÝŸç„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’'Ï »miŽŽ’-›ÙŸé€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’?Ï »Pier-ŽŽ’E›ÕŸé€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’WÏŸñ33„33ffŽŽŸ¸O’`5k»rot,ŽŽ’`5kŸìÒ ŽŽ’¤ çŸñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸ‘8>»w²!as–¦fcoMÞded“as:ŽŸ\#‘8ëóë~\generalsignature{1}Ž¡‘8ëó\startextractŽ¡‘8ëó\geometricskipscaleŽ¡‘8ëó\NOtes\zsong{Au–¿ª}\qu“g\enŽ¡‘8ëó\NOtes\zsong{clair–¿ª}\qu“g\enŽ¡‘8ëó\NOtes\zsong{de–¿ª}\qu“g\enŽ¡‘8ëó\NOtes\zsong{la–¿ª}\qu“h\enŽ¡‘8ëó\barŽŽŽŒ‹E”À × ý%ÿìëv2.20.‘„CLA–ÿeYOUT‘¦fP“ARAMETERS’T‹»69ŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ ‘8ëóë~\NOTes\zsong{lu-–¿ª}\hu“i\enޤ ™š‘8ëó\NOTes\zsong{ne,–¿ª}\hu“h\enŽ¡‘8ëó\barŽ¡‘8ëó\NOtes\zsong{mon–¿ª}\qu“g\enŽ¡‘8ëó\NOtes\zsong{a-–¿ª}\qu“i\enŽ¡‘8ëó\NOtes\zsong{mi–¿ª}\qu“h\enŽ¡‘8ëó\NOtes\zsong{Pier-–¿ª}\qu“h\enŽ¡‘8ëó\barŽ¡‘8ëó\NOTes\zsong{rot,–¿ª}\wh“g\sk\enŽ¡‘8ëó\endextractŽŸú­‘8>»Y‘ÿeou–M.can“also“use“the“macros“from“ë~musixcho.tex»,‘vßwhicš²!h“result“in“the“same“v˜ertical“pMÞo-Ž¡‘8>sitionning–4as“ë~\zsongŽ‘*žd»and“other“ë~\?song“»do,‘*§but“the“text“of“the“lyrics“are“bMÞetter“justi edŽ¡‘8>around–¦fthe“related“note.ŽŸ [ë}2.20.7.3Ž‘6‘/Handling–2lyrics“width“v¦tersus“scalable“note“spacingsŽŸÑ·»If–ƒ one“uses“either“ë~\zsong“»or“ë~\csong“»or“ë~\lsong“»without“caution,‘º3one“will“probably“get“a²!wfulŽ¡things–¦fsuc²!h“as:ŽŸ5!ŸçŽŽŽ‘Fz°ŸÝ33‰ff8g¤‰ff8g¡‰ff8g¡‰ff8g¡‰ff8gŽŽ‘Fz°Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ‘Fz°ŸìÒGŽŽŽ‘Vú®ŸÝ4ŽŽŽŸ¸O‘i!»AuŽŽ‘níߟì„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O‘zò»clairŽŽ‘辟ì„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’‹Ñ»deŽŽ’ãŸì„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’œ°»laŽŽ’¡Þ|Ÿé€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’­ Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŸ¸O’µrõ»lu-ŽŽ’»?ÁŸç„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’Írñ»ne,ŽŽ’Ó?½Ÿé€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’åríŸñ33„33ffŽŽŸ¸O’íÙS»monŽŽ’ó¦Ÿì„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’þÔ2»a-ŽŽ’ þŸç„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’Ï»miŽŽ’›ÝŸé€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’ Éð»Pier-ŽŽ’&–¼Ÿé€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’1ÄÏŸñ33„33ffŽŽŸ¸O’:+5»rot,ŽŽ’:+5ŸìÒ ŽŽ’~±Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽŸ­»whicš²!h–ö±is“the“same“example“as“abMÞo˜v˜e,‘Õwith“all“spacings“divided“b˜y“1.41.‘£LAlthough“loMÞcating“\o˜v˜er-Ž¡full"–Blyrics“seems“easy‘ÿe,‘V-it“mighš²!t“bMÞe“wiser“to“force“their“visibilit˜y‘ÿe,‘V-whic˜h“is“done“replacing“ë~\zsongŽ¡»with‘Ñ/ë~\hsongŽ‘( Z»whicš²!h–Ñ/encloses“the“hazardous“text“in“a“ë~\hbox“»of“width“ë~\noteskip»,‘ûÓwhose“o˜v˜er llingŽ¡is–Öùdiagnosed“as“usual“b²!y“Plain“T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ›B X“or“(espMÞecially“in“LŸýûó‘üÙ¼AŽŽ‘ÈG»T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ˜X)“b²!y“means“of“the“ë~\overfullrule=...Ž¡»command:ŽŸ3ŸçŽŽŽ‘Fz°ŸÝ33‰ff8g¤‰ff8g¡‰ff8g¡‰ff8g¡‰ff8gŽŽ‘Fz°Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ‘Fz°ŸìÒGŽŽŽ‘Vú®ŸÝ4ŽŽŽŸ¸O‘i!»AuŽŽŽ‘níߟì„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O‘zò»clair‘nïŸ}„ ™™ŽŽŽ‘辟ì„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’‹Ñ»deŽŽŽ’ãŸì„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’œ°»laŽŽŽ’¡Þ|Ÿé€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’­ Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŸ¸O’µrõ»lu-ŽŽŽ’»?ÁŸç„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’Írñ»ne,ŽŽŽ’Ó?½Ÿé€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’åríŸñ33„33ffŽŽŸ¸O’íÙS»mon‘nïŸ}„ ™™ŽŽŽ’ó¦Ÿì„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’þÔ2»a-ŽŽŽ’ þŸç„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’Ï»miŽŽŽ’›ÝŸé€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸ¸O’ Éð»Pier-‘nïŸ}„ ™™ŽŽŽ’&–¼Ÿé€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’1ÄÏŸñ33„33ffŽŽŸ¸O’:+5»rot,ŽŽŽ’:+5ŸìÒ ŽŽ’~±Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽŽ©­‘»Alternate–Nvš²!ersions“of“ë~\hsong“»are“ë~\dhsongŽ‘2Ù¬»whic˜h“has“a“ xed“length“of“ë~2\noteskip“»andŽ¡ë~\thsongŽ‘,Ïþ»whose–’X xed“length“is“ë~3\noteskip».‘¡³These“are“useful“when“the“text“is“set“bMÞelo²!w“(orŽ¡abšMÞo•²!v“e)–¦fa“collectiv²!e“co˜ding“of“t•²!w“o–¦for“three“notes.ަ‘Once–Ðone“has“diagnosed“|“in“the“ten•²!tativ“e–Ð nal“la•²!y“out–Ð|“whicš²!h“lyrics“lead“to“o˜v˜erfull“texts,Ž¡sevš²!eral–¦fcorrections“ma˜y“bMÞe“tried:ŽŸçB‘ BS1.ŽŽŽ‘8>Increase–“Ithe“ë~\muloosenessŽ‘L"Š»to“ha•²!v“e–“Iwider“note“spacing.‘×~This“maš²!y“w˜ork,‘—but“the“incon˜v˜e-Ž¡‘8>nience–¦fis“that“all“notes“wš²!ould“bMÞe“stretc˜hed,“and“not“only“the“fault˜y“notes.Ž©çB‘ BS2.ŽŽŽ‘8>Increase–¼spMÞeci c“note“spacings,‘Ç’replacing“for“example“ë~\Notes“»with“ë~\NOtes“»or“ë~\Notesp».Ž¡‘8>This–¿is“the“easiest“solution“whicš²!h“ma˜y“require“sev˜eral“trials“and“errors“since“an“increaseŽ¡‘8>of–ä]a“few“notes“in“a“system“maš²!y“lead“to“a“small“shrinking“of“the“others,‘óÛto“k˜eep“the“totalŽ¡‘8>length‘¦fconstan²!t.ަ‘ BS3.ŽŽŽ‘8>Decide–.fthat“some“notes“|“only“\some"“notes,›Pfnot“all“notes“of“the“score,˜neither“all“theŽ¡‘8>notes–„¸of“a“givš²!en“system“|“w˜ould“ha˜v˜e“a“ëvhard“spacing‘tлand“not“a“scalable“spacing.‘Ò£This“isŽ¡‘8>done–¦fusing“the“commandŽŸú­‘3,Ië~\hardnotesŽ‘pOSëvan²!y–¦fhard“T‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“dimension“ë~\notes“ëvnormal“note“spMÞecif.‘ÝÝë~\enŽŽŽŒ‹F¤ × ý%ÿì»70’’óëvCHAPTER–¦f2.‘„CPRA²!CTICAL“USEŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ ‘8>»whic²!h– ends“the“ë~\notes...\en“»with“a“ëvhard“spacing‘6»(see“ë~\hardspace“»in“2.8,‘¡_p.‘ÛÅ33)“ratherޤ ™š‘8>than–¦fa“scalable“spacing.ŽŸGu‘8>A–¦fmore“practical“v‘ÿdDarianš²!t“has“bMÞeen“pro˜vided“espMÞecially“for“lyrics,“namelyŽŸ <‘3,Ië~\hardlyricsŽ‘výëvan²!y–¦ftext“ë~\notes“ëvnormal“note“spMÞecif.‘ÝÝë~\enŽŸ =‘8>»whicš²!h–˹computes“the“width“of“\an˜y“text"“b˜y“putting“it“in“a“ë~\hbox“»and“rev˜erting“toŽ¡‘8>ë~\hardnotes–$~»to“pšMÞerform“the“remainder“of“the“task.‘²In“order“to“sa•²!v“e–$~rep˜etitions,‘>ythe“text“ofŽ¡‘8>the–Òlyrics“whic²!h“has“bšMÞeen“used“to“compute“the“hard“note“spacing“can“b˜e“retriev²!ed“underŽ¡‘8>the–¯Kcommand“name“ë~\thelyricsŽ‘>+ï».‘øë~\hardlyrics“»mš²!ust“bMÞe“follo˜w˜ed“b˜y“ë~\notes“»(with“theŽ¡‘8>lyrics–¦ftext“in•²!bMÞet“w“een),–¦fnot“b²!y“ë~\Notes“»nor“ë~\NOtes»,“etc.Ž©Gu‘8>Besides,‘Mªsince–,6moš²!ving“the“lyrics“text“bMÞet˜w˜een“ë~\hardlyrics“»and“ë~\notesŸü¾¼31ŽŽ‘ ,>»together“withŽ¡‘8>replacing–éit“with“ë~\thelyricsŽ‘?²v»at“the“initial“lošMÞcation“is“a“rather“tedious“op˜eration“with“textŽ¡‘8>editors,–¦fanother“command“has“bMÞeen“pro²!vided,“namely“ë~\softlyricsŽ‘Bâ´»:ަ‘8>ë~\softlyrics{–¦fëvan²!y“text“ë~}ަ‘8>»de nes–_Þë~\thelyrics“»to“bMÞe“\“ëvan²!y“text“»",‘Ž;so“that“going“from“ë~\hardlyrics“»to“the“defaultŽ¡‘8>scalable–`sbMÞehaš²!viour“of“ë~\noteskip“»and“in˜v˜ersely“can“easily“bMÞe“done“b˜y“c˜hanging“ë~\hard“»in˜toŽ¡‘8>ë~\soft–&»in“the“source“text,‘†with“optional“cš²!hange“of“the“n˜um˜bšMÞer“of“upp˜ercase“letters“inŽ¡‘8>ë~\notes».ŽŸuP‘8>ëvIMPOR–ÿeT“ANT:–Ïñsince“ë~\hardlyrics“ëvcomputes“ë~\noteskipëv,‘Sits“argumen²!t“(bMÞefore“ë~\notesëv)Ž¡‘8>maš²!y–¦fnot“refer“to“ë~\noteskipëv...‘ÝÝwhic˜h“is“not“already“computed.ŽŸ o#ë}2.20.7.4Ž‘6‘/A–2more“comprehensiv¦te“example“of“lyricsŽŸØŠ»Here–£gis“an“example“takš²!en“from“the“F‘ÿerenc˜h“catholic“liturgy“(a“F‘ÿerenc˜h“translation“of“the“traditionalŽ¡ëvGloria–¦fin“excelsis“Deo‘ŒÐ»).‘ÝÝW‘ÿee“giv²!e“ rst“the“adapted“source“of“a“part“of“the“score:ŽŸõP‘8>ë~\overfullrule‘¿ª3ptŽ¡‘8>\instrumentnumber{1}Ž¡‘8>\setstaffs11Ž¡‘8>%Ž¡‘8>\generalsignature{-1}\relax–¿ª%“one“flatŽ¡‘8>\generalmeter{\meterfrac{2}{2}}Ž¡‘8>%Ž¡‘8>\staffbotmarg=5\Interligne\stafftopmarg=1.5\InterligneŽ¡‘8>\startpieceŽ¡‘8>\setsongraise1{2\Interligne}%Ž¡‘8>\znotes\uptext{\kern–¿ª-9mm\raise“9pt\hbox{\bigtypeŽ¡‘&·’Majestueux,–¿ªsans“tra\^\i“ner“\rm(\metron{\hu}{50})}}\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics–¿ª{\kern-5pt“Gloire“}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics“}\cu“c\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{\`a–¿ª}\cu“c\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barreŽ¡‘8>\NOTes\hsong{Dieu~}\hu‘¿ªf\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{au}\cu‘¿ªf\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{plus~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics–¿ª}\cu“f\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{haut~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics–¿ª}\cu“g\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{des}\cu‘¿ªg\enotesŽŸ 1 ‰ffµ/4Ÿ L͑џü-=ëm31ŽŽŽ‘¦aëƒ\notes¿,–Tneither“ëƒ\Notes“¿nor“ëƒ\NOtes“¿nor“ëƒ\NOTes“¿etc.ŽŽŽŒ‹Gµ  × ý%ÿìëv2.20.‘„CLA–ÿeYOUT‘¦fP“ARAMETERS’T‹»71ŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ ‘8>ë~\barreޤ ™š‘8>\NOtes\hsong{cieux~}\qup‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{et~}\cu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{paix~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics–¿ª}\qu“i\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{sur~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics–¿ª}\cu“h\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{la~}\cu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barreŽ¡‘8>\Notes\hsong{ter-}\qu‘¿ªf\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{re~}\cu‘¿ªf\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{aux~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\cu‘¿ªf\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{hom-–¿ª}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\qu“g\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{mes~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics–¿ª}\cu“h\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{qu'il~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics–¿ª}\cu“i\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barreŽ¡‘8>\NOtes\hsong{ai-}\hu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘8>\Notes\hsong{me.}\hu‘¿ªf\enotesŽ¡‘8>\Notes\uptext{\bf–¿ªII“}\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barreŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{Nous~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\qu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{Te~}\cu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{lou-}\cu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘8>\NOtes\hsong{ons,}\hu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barreŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{nous~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics–¿ª}\cu“h\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{Te~}\cu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{b\'e-}\cu‘¿ªj\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{nis-}\cu‘¿ªj\enotesŽ¡‘8>\NOtes\hsong{sons,}\hu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barreŽ¡‘8>\Notes\hsong{nous~}\qu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\NOtes\hsong{t'a-}\hu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘8>\Notes\hsong{do-}\qu‘¿ªf\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barreŽ¡‘8>\NOtes\hsong{rons,~}\hu‘¿ªf\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\uptext{\bf‘¿ªI}\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{nous~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics–¿ª}\cu“h\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{Te~}\cu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{glo-}\cu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{ri-}\cu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barreŽ¡‘8>\NOTEs\hsong{fions,~}\hu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{\kern–¿ª-4pt“nous~}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cu“h\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{Te~}\cu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{ren-}\cu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\zsong{dons~}\cu‘¿ªi\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barreŽ¡‘8>\NOtes\hsong{gr\^a~-}\qu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{ces~}\cu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{pour~}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{Ton~}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cu‘¿ªh\enotesŽŽŽŒ‹HÁ6 × ý%ÿì»72’’óëvCHAPTER–¦f2.‘„CPRA²!CTICAL“USEŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ ‘8>ë~\notes\hsong{im-}\cu‘¿ªi\enotesޤ ™š‘8>\hardlyrics{men-}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cu‘¿ªj\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\zsong{se~}\cu‘¿ªk\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barreŽ¡‘8>\Notes\hsong{gloi-}\ql‘¿ªj\enotesŽ¡‘8>\Notes\hsong{-}\ql‘¿ªi\enotesŽ¡‘8>\Notes\hsong{re~!}\qu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\uptext{\bf‘¿ªII}\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hardlyrics{Sei-}\hsong\thelyrics\cu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\zsong{gneur~}\cu‘¿ªi\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barreŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{Dieu,~}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\qu‘¿ªj\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{Roi~}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{du~}\cu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘8>\Notes\hsong{Ciel,~}\qu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{Dieu~}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\zsong{le~}\cu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘8>\barreŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{P\`e-~}\notes\thelyrics\hsong\cu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\hsong{re~}\cu‘¿ªi\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{tout-}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cu‘¿ªg\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{puis-}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\hardlyrics{sant~!}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\qup‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\uptext{\bf‘¿ªI}\enotesŽ¡‘8>\notes\zsong{Sei-}\cu‘¿ªh\enotesŽ¡‘8>\mulooseness‘¿ª2%Ž¡‘8>\stoppieceŽŸÿ­‘»The–!æresult“clearly“shoš²!ws“the“inequalit˜y“bMÞet˜w˜een“note“spacings,‘ðŸâ„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸøfd’/Bä²cesŽŽŽ’5°Ÿâ„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽŸøfd’K+D²pGourŽŽŽŽ’PøŸâ„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽŸøfd’bÎÖ²T‘ÿ*ªonŽŽŽŽ’h›¢Ÿß€„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽŸøfd’wô²im-ŽŽŽ’|âÀŸÝ„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽŸøfd’’þT²men-ŽŽŽŽ’˜Ë ŸÚ€„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽŸøfd’¨©²seŽŽ’®uÍŸØ„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽ’Ä‘aŸç33„33ffŽŽŽŽŽŒ‹IÉÀ × ý%ÿìëv2.21.‘„CABNORMAL–¦fMUSIC“CODING’„»73ŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ8ÜrŸÓ33‰ffÄ÷Ǥ‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷Ç¡‰ffÄ÷ÇŽŽŸç33„33ffŽŽŸâÒGŽŽŽ‘þŸÝ2ŽŽŽŸøfd‘"¢²gloi-ŽŽŽ‘"¢Ÿëùš„yšff™šŸî†fÒŽŽŸøfd‘<Ð ²-ŽŽŽ‘<Ð Ÿîyš„yšff™šŸî†fÒŽŽŸøfd‘Vý‘²re‘UU!ŽŽŽ‘\Ê]Ÿß€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ‘q+ŸÎÂIQÇIŽŽŸøfd’‚žÉ²Sei-ŽŽŽŽ’ˆk•Ÿß€„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽŸøfd’’»<²gneurŽŽ’˜ˆŸÝ„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽ’¤.ìŸç33„33ffŽŽŸøfd’°7ʲDieu,ŽŽŽŽ’¶–ŸÚ€„‰šff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸøfd’ʾé²RoiŽŽŽŽ’ЋµŸß€„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽŸøfd’Ý7βduŽŽŽ’ãšŸâ„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽŸøfd’î«~²Ciel,ŽŽŽŽ’ôxJŸß€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŸøfd’Õ²DieuŽŽŽŽ’ Í¡Ÿß€„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽŸøfd’ÀײleŽŽ’#£Ÿâ„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽ’/4‡Ÿç33„33ffŽŽŸøfd’;=e²P¸ã‘ûGe-ŽŽŽŽ’A 1Ÿß€„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽŸøfd’M(²reŽŽŽ’RôÜŸÝ„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽŸøfd’^›À²tout-ŽŽŽŽ’dhŒŸâ„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽŸøfd’tFn²puis-ŽŽŽŽ’z:Ÿß€„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽŸøfd’‰q²san¸ãt‘UU!ŽŽŽŽ’=çŸß€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽŽ’¡ªŸÎÂIŽŽŸøfd’³±²Sei-ŽŽ’¸ê}Ÿß€„@ff™šÒ(Ž‘ùÌÎŽŽ’Ä‘aŸç33„33ffŽŽŽŸÎ ‘»The– =complete“score“of“this“carol“|“with“slighš²!tly“di eren˜t“la˜y˜out“due“to“di eren˜t“page“size“|ޤ ™šis–Ü‘giv²!en“in“example“ë~glorias.tex“»and“in“ë~gloriab.tex»,‘êthe“latter“exhibiting“not“only“the“songŽ¡tune–¦fbut“also“the“organ“accompanimen²!t“(bMÞoth“require“ë~musixsty.tex»).ŽŸTc_Ç2.21Ž‘,ÿüAbnormal–ffmŒÌusic“cos3dingŽŸ+ÈÜÅ2.21.1Ž‘0Gregorian›€c• han“t:‘sta s˜and˜clefsŽŸ'œê»Gregorian›ßÍc•²!han“t˜is˜often˜coMÞded˜using˜four˜line˜sta s˜(see˜sections˜2.20.4˜and˜2.20.4)˜and˜usingŽ¡spšMÞecial– Pnotes“(called“ëvneumess‚»)“whic²!h“are“describ˜ed“in“section“2.26.10.‘šBut“the“gregorian“c•²!han“tŽ¡also–Ÿjneeds“spšMÞecial“clefs“whic²!h“are“in“fact“the“ancestors“of“the“mo˜dern“ones.‘Û‰The“ëvgregorian“clefsŽ¡»can–¦fbšMÞe“in•²!v“ok“ed–¦finstead“of“the“mo˜dern“ones“b²!y:ޤÎ ‘ë~\setaltoclefsymbolŽ‘xyô3\gregorianCclefŽ¡‘\setbassclefsymbolŽ‘xyô3\gregorianFclefŽ¡»will–Iycause“the“instrumenš²!t“n˜um˜bMÞer“3“to“exhibit“the“c˜hosen“gregorian“clefs.‘ÇThe“standard“clefsŽ© ™šcan–¦fbMÞe“restored“for“evš²!ery“instrumen˜t“with“ë~\resetclefsymbolsŽ‘e`°».Ž¡‘It–K]is“to“bMÞe“emphasized“that,›tšsince“v²!ersion“T.40“of“MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X,˜one“should“spMÞecify“whetherަone›úw•²!an“ts˜to˜c“hange˜the˜bass˜clef˜sym“bMÞol˜or˜the˜alto˜clef˜sym“bMÞol˜(also˜the˜treble˜clef˜sym“bMÞol,‘‹butަthere–V¹is“no“treble“clef“in“gregorian“c•²!han“t).‘ÃNThe–V¹reason“is“that“MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ›B X“(as“w²!ell“as“MusicT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ˜X)ަselects–½and“raises“di eren²!tly“the“F,“G›½and“C˜clefs“according“to“the“argumen²!ts“of“the“ë~\setclefŽŽ¦»command.‘ÁëTherefore,‘cSis–Rone“had“substituted“anš²!y“F‘Ryclef“sym˜bMÞol“while“sa˜ying“ë~\setclef1{1000}»,ަthen–š¢an“F‘šŸclef“wš²!ould“duly“appMÞear“on“the“sta ,‘œübut“it“w˜ould“ha˜v˜e“bšMÞeen“set“at“the“p˜osition“of“anަalto–¦fclef,“thš²!us“seriously“misleading“the“m˜usician.Ž¡‘Ho•²!w“ev“er,‘VÑfor›3‰compatibilit“y˜with˜what˜w“as˜previously˜c“hoMÞosenŸü¾¼32ŽŽ‘ »,‘VÑthe˜ë~\setclefsymbolŽ‘Xâ^»stillަexists,‘Y©but–œit“substitutes“the“givš²!en“second“argumen˜t“ëvto“all“clef“sym˜bMÞols‘v»of“that“instrumen˜t,ަregardless–¯ëof“the“actual“mš²!usical“meaning“of“this“sym˜bMÞol.‘úkë~\setclefsymbol“»is“therefore“discour-ަaged,‘’Munless–cone“cš²!hanges“the“design“of“the“clef“sym˜bMÞol“of“an“instrumen˜t“for“the“whole“of“theަscore.Ž¡‘As–an“example,‘:’the“same“gregorian“scale“has“bMÞeen“written“with“a“gregorian“C‘{clef“on“all“fourަlines–¦fof“the“sta :ŽŸ(8*‰ffµ/4Ÿ L͑џü-=ëm32ŽŽŽ‘¦a¿By–TA.“ë„Egler¿...ŽŽŽŒ‹JÝú × ý%ÿì»74’’óëvCHAPTER–¦f2.‘„CPRA²!CTICAL“USEŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨Ž ¶€ŸíMU‘P–»1st‘¦flineŽŽŽŽŸÀMU‘Nʤ2nd‘¦flineŽŽŽŽŸ“MU‘O°Y3rd‘¦flineŽŽŽŽ ÿfMU‘O´=4th‘¦flineŽŽŽŽ’„HÀŸâ33‰ff¼fH¤‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fHŽŽ’„HÀŸµ33‰ff¼fH¤‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fHŽŽ’„HÀŸˆ33‰ff¼fH¤‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fHŽŽ’„HÀ ÿ[33‰ff¼fH¤‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fHŽŽ’„HÀŸñ33„–33ffŽŽ’„HÀŸñóbÂLxgreg20ëbbŽŽŽ’„HÀŸ¿bŽŽŽ’„HÀŸbŽŽŽ’„HÀ ÿ[bŽŽŽ’œÈ¾Ÿö33„ffB‘ú=ožÌÍŽ‘ =lŸýLÍŽ‘=iŸúÌÍŽ‘0=fŸøLÍŽ‘B=cŸõÌÍŽ‘T=`ŸóLÍŽ‘f=]ŸðÌÍŽ‘x=ZŸîLÍŽ’Š=WŸëÌÍŽŽ’žH½ŸÄŽ’°HºŸÁ€Ž’ÂH·Ÿ¿Ž’ÔH´Ÿ¼€Ž’æH±ŸºŽ’øH®Ÿ·€Ž’ H«ŸµŽ’H¨Ÿ²€Ž’,ȦŸ°33„ffB‘ú=ožÌÍŽŽ’žH½Ÿ’Ž’°HºŸ€Ž’ÂH·ŸŽ’ÔH´ŸŠ€Ž’æH±ŸˆŽ’øH®Ÿ…€Ž’ȬŸƒ33„ffB‘ú=ožÌÍŽ– ½m„ffB‘ú=oŸýLÍŽ“„ffB‘ø½pŸû„ffB‘ú=ožÌÍŽŽ’žH½ ÿ`Ž’°Hº ÿ]€Ž’ÂH· ÿ[Ž’ÔH´ ÿX€Ž’äȲ ÿV33„ffB‘ú=ožÌÍŽ– ½m„ffB‘ú=oŸýLÍŽ“„ffB›ø½p¤û„ffB‘ú=ožÌÍŽ“©„ffB˜¡„ffB‘ú=oŸýLÍŽ“¦„ffB˜¡„ffB˜¡„ffB‘ú=ožÌÍŽŽ’@H¢Ÿñ33„33ffŽŽ’@H¢ŸÄ33„33ffŽŽ’@H¢Ÿ—33„33ffŽŽ’@H¢ ÿj33„33ffŽŽŽŸ—¤‘»The–¦fcoMÞding“w²!as:ŽŸÔ‘¿ªë~\instrumentnumber{4}ޤ ™š–¿ª\setname1{1st“line}“\setname2{2nd“line}“\setname3{3rd“line}“\setname4{4th“line}Ž¡‘¿ª\setlines1{4}\setlines2{4}\setlines3{4}\setlines4{4}Ž¡‘¿ª\sepbarrulesŽ¡‘¿ª\generalmeter{\empty}Ž¡–¿ª\setclef1{1000}“\setclef2{2000}“\setclef3{3000}“\setclef4{4000}Ž¡‘¿ª\setaltoclefsymbol1\gregorianCclefŽ¡‘¿ª\setaltoclefsymbol2\gregorianCclefŽ¡‘¿ª\setaltoclefsymbol3\gregorianCclefŽ¡‘¿ª\setaltoclefsymbol4\gregorianCclefŽ¡\startextractŽ¡\Notes\squ{abcdefghi}&\squ{abcdefghi}&\squ{abcdefghi}&\squ{abcdefghi}&\enotesŽ¡\endextractŽ¡Ÿ NµÅ2.21.2Ž‘0Music–€score“without“clefs“or“with“sp`ecial“clefsޤª ë}2.21.2.1Ž‘6‘/Empt¦ty‘2clefsŽ¡»Regardless–&•of“the“n•²!um“bMÞer–&•of“lines“of“the“sta s,‘F¡an“instrumenš²!t“ma˜y“ha˜v˜e“no“clefs,‘F¡e.g.“for“ëvpMÞer-Ž© ™šcussion–¦fmš²!usic‘Pj»but“also“for“an˜y“w˜eird“purpMÞose.‘ÝÝThis“is“done“b˜y“declaring“the“follo˜wing“item:ޤ—¤‘ë~\setclefsymbolŽ‘e!²ëynë~\emptyŽ¡»Normal–¦fsym²!bšMÞols“for“these“clefs“can“b˜e“restored“b²!y:Ž¡‘ë~\resetclefsymbolsŽŽŸèOë}2.21.2.2Ž‘6‘/Octa•¦tv“e‘2clefsŽŸª »Octa•²!v“e–%Ptreble“clefs“and“oMÞcta•²!v“e–%Pbass“clefs“are“pro²!vided.‘Z›They“can“replace“the“usual“treble“andަbass–¦fclefs“bš²!y“sa˜ying:Ž¡‘ë~\setclefsymbolŽ‘e!²ëynë~\bassoctŽŽ¡‘\setclefsymbolŽ‘e!²ëynë~\trebleoctŽŽ¡»for–¦fuppšMÞer“o˜cta²!viation,“andŽ¡‘ë~\setclefsymbolŽ‘e!²ëynë~\basslowoctŽŽŽŽŒ‹Kì÷ × ý%ÿìëv2.21.‘„CABNORMAL–¦fMUSIC“CODING’„»75ŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸ ‘ë~\setclefsymbolŽ‘e!²ëynë~\treblelowoctŽŽŸ5…»for›¦flo•²!w“er˜oMÞcta“viation.Ž ºŸçŽŽŽŸºŽŽŽŸŽŽŽ ÿ`ŽŽŽ’„HÀŸÝ33‰ff¼fH¤‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fHŽŽ’„HÀŸ°33‰ff¼fH¤‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fHŽŽ’„HÀŸƒ33‰ff¼fH¤‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fHŽŽ’„HÀ ÿV33‰ff¼fH¤‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fH¡‰ff¼fHŽŽ’„HÀŸñ33„›33ffŽŽ’„HÀŸâÒI‘󀟾8ŽŽŽŽ’„HÀŸµÒI‘ôÿŸû¾8ŽŽŽŽ’„HÀŸ’ÒG‘ôÿŸ€¾8ŽŽŽŽ’„HÀ ÿeÒG‘öÿÿŸé€¾8ŽŽŽŽ’¤‰Ÿî€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽ–™—¤ý€„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„‰šff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„™šff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„©šff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„©šff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„ ¹šff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’¤‰ŸÁ€„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ–™—¤ý€„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„‰šff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„™šff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„©šff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„©šff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„ ¹šff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’œÈ¾Ÿœ33„ffÿþ‘÷Ÿ„ffÿþ–þLÍ£ÌÍ„ff‘ùÌÎŽ› LÌŸû33„ffÿþ“ŸLÍ„€ff‘ùÌÎŽ˜Ÿý³3„ffÿþ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ–™—¤ý€„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’œÈ¾ ÿo33„ffÿþ‘÷Ÿ„ffÿþ–þLÍ£ÌÍ„ff‘ùÌÎŽ› LÌŸû33„ffÿþ“ŸLÍ„€ff‘ùÌÎŽ˜Ÿý³3„ffÿþ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ–™—¤ý€„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽ“¡„yšff‘ùÌÎŽŽ’@H¢Ÿñ33„›33ffŽŽŽŸ5…ëvREMARKS:ŽŸ%mZ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ëvThe‘ ëë~\setclefsymbolŽ‘n7ëv,‘$‚ë~\settrebleclefsymbolŽ’—Êëv,‘$‚ë~\setaltoclefsymbolŽŽ¤ ™š‘8>ëvand‘˜¹ë~\setbassclefsymbolŽ‘p«fëvonly–˜¹cš²!hange“the“sym˜bšMÞol“p˜osted,‘ÕNnot“the“altitude“of“the“noteŽ¡‘8>head.‘ z@Th•²!us,‘’9if›/Üy“ou˜sa“y˜ë~\setclef1\bass˜ëvand˜then˜||,‘’9y“our˜score˜will˜bMÞe˜de nitelyŽŸÈä‘8>wrong.‘ÐVIn–}Ðthe“same“w•²!a“y‘ÿe,‘…îë~\ÒG‘öÿÿŸé€¾8ŽŽ‘Ãgëvand–}Ðsimilar“oMÞcta•²!v“e–}Ðclefs“will“only“cš²!hange“the“sym˜bMÞol,‘…îbut“aŽŸª‘8>note–¦fcošMÞded“ë~a“ëvwiull“ha•²!v“e–¦fthe“same“v²!ertical“p˜osition,“regardless“of“the“clef“sym²!b˜ol“c²!hosen.ŽŸ1 D‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>ëvChanging–·ýclef“symš²!bMÞols“also“a 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“instrumen˜t“|“so“that“some“w˜eird“score“for“ëvmonkss‚»,‘à ëvdrum“»and“ëvelectronic“k˜eybMÞoardŽ¡»suc²!h‘¦fasŽŽŽŒ‹L÷Ä × ý%ÿì»76’’óëvCHAPTER–¦f2.‘„CPRA²!CTICAL“USEŽŽ Á ýWÿì ¨Ž  ŸÔMU‘?É»k²!eybMÞoardŽŽŽŽŸšÍU‘HãŠdrumŽŽŽŽ ÿzMU‘FIÇmonksŽŽŽŽ‘xXŸÐ€Õ€ Ž‘xXŸÝ33‰ffÔó¤‰ffÔó¡‰ffÔó¡‰ffÔó¡‰ffÔóŽŽ‘xXŸ°33‰ffÔó¤‰ffÔó¡‰ffÔó¡‰ffÔó¡‰ffÔóŽŽ‘xXŸ—33‰ffÔóŽŽ‘xX ÿo33‰ffÔó¤‰ffÔó¡‰ffÔó¡‰ffÔóŽŽ‘xXŸñ33„‚33ffŽŽ‘xXŸâÒIŽŽŽ‘xXŸ¿GŽŽŽ‘xXŸ—MŽŽŽŽ‘xX ÿtëbbŽŽŽ’ˆ‚VŸìÒ2ŽŽŽ’ˆ‚VŸº2ŽŽŽŸæ£×’ÕˆÇ2ŽŸ ’Õˆ4ŽŽŽŽŽŸ¹£×’Õˆ2ŽŸ ’Õˆ4ŽŽŽŽŽŸ–£×’Õˆ2ŽŸ ’Õˆ4ŽŽŽŽŽ’«"Ÿó€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’¤BWŸÉ33„ffÿþ‘ø€žÌÍŽ‘þLÍžÌÍ„ùšff‘ùÌΟ󀎎’¥ÂVŸ—&ŽŽ’¥ÂV ÿyëbŽ’·ÂS ÿtŽ’ÉÂP ÿq€ŽŽ’ÛÂMŸñ33„A33ffŽŽ’ÛÂMŸ¡33„33ffŽŽ’ÛÂM ÿ~33„33ffŽŽ’éõŸì„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’⨴ŸÉ33„ffÿþ‘÷Ÿ„ffÿþ‘ø€ŸLÍŽ‘þLÍŸLÍ„yšff‘ùÌΟöŽŽ’ä(³Ÿ¡>ŽŽŽ’ä(³ ÿl€ëbŽŽ’õ{Ÿé€„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’ú¨°ŸÉ33„ffÿþ‘÷Ÿ„ffÿþ‘ø€žÌÍŽ‘þLÍžÌÍ„yšff‘ùÌΟöŽŽ’ü(¯Ÿ—%ŽŽ’ü(¯ ÿoëbŽŽ’(«Ÿñ33„A33ffŽŽ’(«Ÿ¡33„33ffŽŽ’(« ÿ~33„33ffŽŽ’"[ÝŸñ„yšff‘ùÌÎÒŽŽ’ŸÉ33„ffÿþ‘ø€ŸLÍŽ‘þLÍŸLÍ„yšff‘ùÌΟûŽŽ’Ÿ—&ŽŽ’ ÿq€ëbŽ’ ÿj33„ffB‘ú=ožÌÍŽ–½n„ffB‘ú=oŸýLÍŽ“„ffB‘ú=ožÌÍŽ“„ffB‘ú=oŸýLÍŽŽ’L 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c“p˜ercussion“sym²!b˜ols,‘߈esp˜ecially“ë~\drumclefŽ‘<þÊ»(used“in“section“2.21.2.3).‘ÍdTheseޤ ™šde nitions–U£cause“problems“since“drum“and“pMÞercussion“notation“is“not“standardized.‘ÂñSo“it“migh²!tŽ¡bšMÞe–¦fclev²!er“to“sp˜eci y“the“names“of“instrumenš²!ts“for“eac˜h“used“sym˜bMÞol.ŽŸ°‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»The‘FÊŸý¤‰ÒqŽ‘ Ô^»sym•²!bMÞol›FÊwhic“h˜is˜obtained˜using˜the˜ë~\qu»,–nâë~\qb»,“ë~\cu»,“etc.‘¿macros˜preceeded˜with˜aŽ¡‘8>\ë~dc»"–ì (think“of“ëvDiagonalCross‘_‹»for“e.g.›®Åclosed“ëvhihat=»).˜Av‘ÿdDailable“are“ë~\dcquŽ‘ ª[»,‘ýqë~\dcqlŽ– »Ã»,‘ýqë~\dcqbŽ“»,Ž¡‘8>ë~\dczqŽ‘7ö»,‘¦fë~\dccuŽ‘ d¸»,‘¦fë~\dcccuŽ–&$b»,‘¦fë~\dcclŽ‘$ »and‘¦fë~\dccclŽ“».ŽŸ°‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»The‘FÊŸý¤‰ÒpŽ‘ Ô^»sym•²!bMÞol›FÊwhic“h˜is˜obtained˜using˜the˜ë~\qu»,–nâë~\qb»,“ë~\cu»,“etc.‘¿macros˜preceeded˜with˜aŽ¡‘8>\ë~dh»"–Ïô(think“of“ëvDiagonalcrossHalfcircle‘lû»for“e.g.›Zˆhalf“opMÞen“ëvhihat=»).˜Av‘ÿdDailable“are“ë~\dhquŽ‘!ŽF»,Ž¡‘8>ë~\dhqlŽ‘7ö»,‘¦fë~\dhqbŽ– d¸»,‘¦fë~\dhzqŽ“»,‘¦fë~\dhcuŽ“»,‘¦fë~\dhccuŽ–&$b»,‘¦fë~\dhclŽ‘$ »and‘¦fë~\dhcclŽ“».Ž©°‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»The‘ÓnŸý¤‰ÒoŽ‘zJ»sym•²!bMÞol›Ónwhic“h˜is˜obtained˜using˜the˜ë~\qu»,–¯ë~\qb»,“ë~\cu»,“etc.‘dõmacros˜preceeded˜withŽ¡‘8>a–Œ8\ë~do»"“(think“of“ëvDiagonalCross“and“O‘‹ýfor“circle‘)?»for“opMÞen“ëvhihat=»).‘RAv‘ÿdDailable“are“ë~\doquŽ‘!JŠ»,Ž¡‘8>ë~\doqlŽ‘7ö»,‘¦fë~\doqbŽ– d¸»,‘¦fë~\dozqŽ“»,‘¦fë~\docuŽ“»,‘¦fë~\doccuŽ–&$b»,‘¦fë~\doclŽ‘$ »and‘¦fë~\docclŽ“».ަ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»The‘FÊŸý¤‰ÒrŽ‘ Ô^»sym•²!bMÞol›FÊwhic“h˜is˜obtained˜using˜the˜ë~\qu»,–nâë~\qb»,“ë~\cu»,“etc.‘¿macros˜preceeded˜with˜aŽ¡‘8>\ë~x»"–Ž(e.g.›ûVfor“spMÞok²!en“text“of“songs).˜Av‘ÿdDailable“are“ë~\xquŽ‘6»,‘Xë~\xqlŽ–»,‘Xë~\xqbŽ“»,‘Xë~\xzqŽ“»,‘Xë~\xcuŽ“»,‘Xë~\xccuŽ‘ Ûª»,Ž¡‘8>ë~\xclŽ‘5ÝL»and‘¦fë~\xcclŽ‘ d¸».ަ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»The‘FÊŸý¤‰ÒsŽ‘ Ô^»sym•²!bMÞol›FÊwhic“h˜is˜obtained˜using˜the˜ë~\qu»,–nâë~\qb»,“ë~\cu»,“etc.‘¿macros˜preceeded˜with˜aŽ¡‘8>\ë~ox»"–xƒ(.!.).‘Î’Av‘ÿdDailable“are“ë~\oxquŽ‘ 6Õ»,‘±ë~\oxqlŽ– 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X,›Jit–xhas“little“to“see“with“m²!usic,˜but“it“helps“writing“all“surrounding“texts,˜lik²!e“ëvtitless‚»,Ž¡ëvauthor–¦fnamess‚»,“historical“commenš²!ts,“etc.‘ÝÝIt“pro˜videsŽŸ‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»a–¦fset“of“fonš²!t“de nitions“of“common“use,“suc˜h“as“ë~\tenrm»,“ë~\eightrm»,“etc.,Ž©‘LþëzŽŽŽ‘8>»a–kÔreasonable“setting“of“ë~\hsizeŽ‘%éл,‘w‹ë~\vsizeŽ‘%õ‡»,‘w‹ë~\hoffsetŽ‘1tÛ»,‘w‹ë~\voffsetŽ‘4௻dimensions“in“order“to“ha•²!v“eŽ¡‘8>a›¦fgo•MÞo“d˜la•²!y“out˜ 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÷doMÞes“exist“whicš²!h“w˜as“formerly“dedicated“to“M‘ÿŸþuŽ‘VT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X,‘%[and“no˜w“to“MusicT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X“andަmostly–zìto“MusiXT‘þ,³Ÿ[wEŽ‘B X.‘Ï_Y‘ÿeou“can“subscribMÞe“to“it“b²!y“sending“an“e-mail“to“ë~mutex-request@gmd.deަ»with–¦fthe“message“lineŽŸ™š‘ë~subscribeŽŸ R…Å2.27.3Ž‘0F‘þ€A QsŽ¡ë~gmd.de»,–‡toMÞo,“has–ða“F‘þȈA•²!Q‘ïâwhic“h–ðis“presenš²!tly“out-of-date“and“quite“un˜usable“since“it“displa˜ys“man˜yަquestions–Ôèand“commenš²!ts“without“giving“the“answ˜er.‘ibHo˜w˜ev˜er,‘àˆit“will“bMÞe“probably“enhanced“inަa–¦fnear“future.‘ÝÝThis“F‘þȈA²!Q“can“bMÞe“accessed“using“ë~ftp»:ޤ™š‘ë~ftp://ftp.gmd.de/music/mutex/faqŽ¡»and–¦fthe“the“arc•²!hiv“e–¦fof“the“mailing“list“maš²!y“bMÞe“accessed“also“b˜y“ë~ftp»:Ž¡‘ë~ftp://ftp.gmd.de/music/mutex/archiveŽ¡»or:Ž¡‘ë~http://www.gmd.de/Mail/Ž¡‘ftp.gmd.de–ÉÇ»also“conš²!tains“a“lot“of“stu “concerning“m˜usic“and“t˜ypMÞesetting“m˜usic,‘ÒŸwhic˜h“canަbMÞe–¦faccessed“b²!y“WWW“at:Ž¡‘ë~http://www.gmd.de/Misc/Music/ŽŽŽŒ‹`0C × ý%ÿì Á ýWÿì ¨ŽŸY‚`ë€Chapter‘Ç 3ŽŸ5‚`ëiInstallationŽŸ=‚`Ç3.1Ž‘$æc*Getting–ffthe“stu ŽŸnÙ»As– ÿseen“bMÞefore,‘ W£all“the“ les“are“aš²!v‘ÿdDailable“at“ëvanon˜ymous“ftp‘ Vë~hprib.lps.u-psud.frŽ© ™š»(193.55.39.152)–¦fin“the“directoryޤú‘ë~/pub/musixtexŽ¡‘»The–¦fë~*.mf“»source“ les“are“inŽ¡‘ë~/pub/musixtex/mfŽ¡»and–¦fthe“ë~*.tfm“» les“are“inŽ¡‘ë~/pub/musixtex/tfmŽ¡»Besides,–¦fthis“man²!ual“is“inŽ¡‘ë~/pub/musixtex/musixdoc.psŽ¡‘»Another–D+directory‘ÿe,‘kœnamely“ë~/pub/music‘°—‰ffsŽ‘#™zips“»normally“conš²!tains“ë~musixtex.zip“»whic˜h“con-ަtains–v¢all“the“distribution“for“PC–vm(MS-DOS)“computers.‘N’This–v¢is“only“for“ë~ftp»-ing“con•²!v“enienceަsince–f/all“source“ les“are“directly“a²!v‘ÿdDailable“in“the“general“directory“and“subMÞdirectories.‘9In“ad-ަdition–Æa“set“of“examples“(i.e.‘=the“ 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²%’óûåë~\rcl»,‘¦f24Ž¡’óûåë~\rcu»,‘¦f24Ž¡’óûårelativ•²!e›¦facciden“tals,˜13Ž¡’óûåë~\relativeaccid»,‘¦f37Ž¡’óûåë~\relax»,‘¦f12Ž¡’óûårepMÞeated–¦fpatterns,“28Ž¡’óûåë~\reprmorceau»,‘¦f80Ž¡’óûåë~\resetclefsymbols»,–¦f73,“74Ž¡’óûåë~\resetlayout»,‘¦f66Ž¡’óûårest–¦flifting,“30Ž¡’óûåë~\reverseallabreve»,‘¦f18Ž¡’óûåë~\reverseC»,‘¦f18Ž¡’óûåë~\rh»,‘¦f23Ž¡’óûåë~\rhl»,‘¦f24Ž¡’óûåë~\rhu»,‘¦f24Ž¡’óûåë~\rightrepeat»,–¦f49,“50Ž¡’óûåë~\rlap»,‘¦f31Ž¡’óûåë~\rm»,–¦f52,“93Ž¡’óûåë~\roccl»,‘¦f92Ž¡’óûåë~\roccu»,‘¦f92Ž¡’óûåë~\rocl»,‘¦f92Ž¡’óûåë~\rocu»,‘¦f92Ž¡’óûåë~\roff»,–¦f29,“32Ž¡’óûåë~\roffset»,‘¦f32Ž¡’óûåë~\roqb»,‘¦f92Ž¡’óûåë~\roql»,‘¦f92Ž¡’óûåë~\roqu»,‘¦f92Ž¡’óûåë~\rozq»,‘¦f92Ž¡’óûåë~\rpar»,‘¦f58Ž¡’óûåë~\rq»,‘¦f23Ž¡’óûåë~\rql»,‘¦f24Ž¡’óûåë~\rqu»,‘¦f24Ž¡’óûåë~\rsqu»,‘¦f84Ž¡’óûåë~\rtx»,‘¦f81Ž¡’óûåë~\rw»,‘¦f23ŽŸK7’óûåë~\salicus»,‘¦f88Ž¡’óûåë~\salicusauctdown»,‘¦f89Ž¡’óûåë~\salicusflexus»,‘¦f88Ž¡’óûåë|Sa‘ÿEtie,‘"ùE.»,‘¦f101Ž¡’óûåscalable–¦fdimension,“33Ž¡’óûåscalable–¦fv‘ÿdDalues,“33Ž¡’óûåë~\scale»,‘¦f21Ž¡’óûåë~\scalenoteskip»,‘¦f21Ž¡’óûåë~\scandicus»,‘¦f87Ž¡’óûåë~\scandicusauctdown»,‘¦f89Ž¡’óûåë~\scandicusdeminut»,‘¦f90Ž¡’óûåë|Schofer,‘"ùA.»,‘¦f15Ž¡’óûåë|Schumann,‘"ùR.»,‘¦f100ŽŽŽŽŽŒ‹n¹ì × ý%ÿì»110’DuëvCHAPTER‘¦f5.‘„CINDEXŽŽ Á ýbÿìë~\sDEP»,‘¦f56ޤ §/ë~\sDep»,‘¦f56Ž¡ë~\Segno»,‘¦f51Ž¡ë~\segno»,‘¦f51Ž¡ë~\sepbarrules»,‘¦f46Ž¡ë~\setaltoclefsymbol»,–¦f73,“75,“84Ž¡ë~\setbassclefsymbol»,–¦f73,“75Ž¡ë~\setclef»,–¦f17,“18,“48,“59,“73Ž¡ë~\setclefsymbol»,‘¦f73{75Ž¡ë~\setdoubleBAR»,‘¦f46Ž¡ë~\setdoublebar»,‘¦f46Ž¡ë~\setemptybar»,‘¦f46Ž¡ë~\setinterinstrument»,–¦f64,“66,“67Ž¡ë~\setleftrepeat»,‘¦f50Ž¡ë~\setleftrightrepeat»,‘¦f50Ž¡ë~\setlines»,‘¦f66Ž¡ë~\setmeter»,–¦f19,“49Ž¡ë~\setname»,‘¦f19Ž¡ë~\setrightrepeat»,–¦f49,“50Ž¡ë~\setsign»,–¦f13,“48Ž¡ë~\setsignëyn»,‘¦f37Ž¡ë~\setsize»,‘¦f62Ž¡ë~\setsizeëyn»,‘¦f64Ž¡ë~\setsongraise»,‘¦f68Ž¡ë~\setstaffs»,–¦f17,“68Ž¡ë~\settrebleclefsymbol»,‘¦f75Ž¡ë~\Setvolta»,‘¦f50Ž¡ë~\setvolta»,‘¦f50Ž¡ë~\setvoltabox»,‘¦f50Ž¡ë~\sF»,‘¦f58Ž¡sforzando,‘¦f53Ž¡ë~\sh»,–¦f33,“36Ž¡ë~\Shake»,‘¦f57Ž¡ë~\shake»,‘¦f57Ž¡ë~\Shakel»,‘¦f57Ž¡ë~\Shakene»,‘¦f57Ž¡ë~\Shakenw»,‘¦f57Ž¡ë~\Shakesw»,‘¦f57Ž¡sharps,‘¦f18Ž¡ë~\shiftbarno»,‘¦f45Ž¡ë~\shortauthor»,‘¦f94Ž¡ë~\shortbarrules»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\shorttitle»,‘¦f94Ž¡signatures,‘¦f17Ž¡sizes,‘¦f17Ž¡ë~\sk»,–¦f23,“32,“33Ž¡ë~\sl»,‘¦f93Ž¡ë~\slide»,‘¦f83Ž¡ë~\slur»,‘¦f43Ž¡ë~\smallaccid»,‘¦f34ŽŽ ýbÿì’óûåë~\smallfl»,‘¦f34ޤ §/’óûåë~\smallmusicsize»,–¦f17,“22,“62,“66Ž¡’óûåë~\smallnotesize»,‘¦f60Ž¡’óûåë~\smallsh»,‘¦f34Ž¡’óûåë~\smalltype»,‘¦f52Ž¡’óûåë~\smallvalue»,‘¦f62Ž¡’óûåsoft–¦fwidth,“9Ž¡’óûåë~\softlyrics»,‘¦f70Ž¡’óûåë~\songbottom»,‘¦f19Ž¡’óûåë~\songtop»,‘¦f19Ž¡’óûåë~\soupir»,‘¦f30Ž¡’óûåë~\SP»,‘¦f93Ž¡’óûåspacing,‘¦f6Ž¡’óûåspacing–¦fnote,“21Ž¡’óûåë~\sPED»,‘¦f56Ž¡’óûåë~\sPed»,‘¦f56Ž¡’óûåë~\squ»,‘¦f84Ž¡’óûåë~\sslur»,‘¦f44Ž¡’óûåstaccato,‘¦f53Ž¡’óûåsta –¦fline“n•²!um“bMÞer,‘¦f66Ž¡’óûåsta –¦fsize,“62Ž¡’óûåsta –¦fspacing,“62Ž¡’óûåë~\staffbotmarg»,–¦f47,“64{68Ž¡’óûåë~\staffspacing»,‘¦f62Ž¡’óûåë~\stafftopmarg»,–¦f47,“64,“66,“91Ž¡’óûåstandard–¦fm²!usical“notation,“5Ž¡’óûåë~\startbarno»,‘¦f45Ž¡’óûåë~\startextract»,–¦f67,“79Ž¡’óûåë~\startmuflex»,‘¦f20Ž¡’óûåë~\startpiece»,–¦f20,“46,“50,“65,“67,“79{81,“94Ž¡’óûåë~\startrule»,‘¦f18Ž¡’óûåë~\stdbarrules»,‘¦f46Ž¡’óûåë~\stdstemfalse»,‘¦f58Ž¡’óûåë~\stdstemtrue»,‘¦f58Ž¡’óûåë|SteinbaÁ´ch,‘"ùA.»,‘¦f15Ž¡’óûåë~\stemcut»,‘¦f58Ž¡’óûåë~\stemfactor»,‘¦f65Ž¡’óûåë~\stemlenght»,‘¦f58Ž¡’óûåë~\stemlength»,–¦f58,“65Ž¡’óûåstems,‘¦f17Ž¡’óûåë~\stie»,‘¦f44Ž¡’óûåë~\Stoppiece»,–¦f10,“46,“80Ž¡’óûåë~\stoppiece»,–¦f10,“11,“46,“50,“65,“79,“80,“94Ž¡’óûåstring–¦finstrumen²!ts,“93Ž¡’óûåst²!yle,‘¦f78Ž¡’óûåsubbass,‘¦f17Ž¡’óûåë~\subtitle»,‘¦f94Ž¡’óûåë~\suspmorceau»,‘¦f80Ž¡’óûåë~\svtpoint»,‘¦f93Ž¡’óûåë~\systemheight»,‘¦f65ŽŽŽŽŽŒ‹oà× ý%ÿì’´Šù»111ŽŽ Á ýbÿìë~\systemnumbers»,‘¦f45ޤ ²%ë|Szukics,‘"ùB.»,‘¦f84ŽŸK7tabulation,‘¦f79Ž¡ë~\tbbbbbbl»,‘¦f81Ž¡ë~\tbbbbbbu»,‘¦f81Ž¡ë~\tbbbbbl»,‘¦f81Ž¡ë~\tbbbbbu»,‘¦f81Ž¡ë~\tbbbbl»,‘¦f27Ž¡ë~\tbbbbu»,‘¦f27Ž¡ë~\tbbbl»,‘¦f27Ž¡ë~\tbbbu»,‘¦f27Ž¡ë~\tbbl»,‘¦f27Ž¡ë~\tbbu»,‘¦f27Ž¡ë~\tbl»,‘¦f26Ž¡ë~\tbslurd»,‘¦f38Ž¡ë~\tbsluru»,‘¦f38Ž¡ë~\tbu»,‘¦f26Ž¡ë~\tcresc»,‘¦f57Ž¡ë~\tdecresc»,‘¦f57Ž¡ë~\temps»,‘¦f81Ž¡tenor–¦fviolin“clef,“59Ž¡ë~\tenpoint»,‘¦f93Ž¡ë~\tgccl»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\tgccu»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\tgcl»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\tgcu»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\tgqb»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\tgql»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\tgqu»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\tgzq»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\thelyrics»,‘¦f70Ž¡ë~\thsong»,‘¦f69Ž¡ë~\tie»,‘¦f44Ž¡ties,‘¦f38Ž¡ë~\tinynotesize»,‘¦f60Ž¡ë~\tinyvalue»,‘¦f62Ž¡ë~\title»,‘¦f94Ž¡titles,‘¦f93Ž¡ë~\Toctfin»,‘¦f35Ž¡ë~\today»,‘¦f82Ž¡ë~\torculus»,‘¦f86Ž¡ë~\torculusauctdown»,‘¦f89Ž¡ë~\torculusdebilis»,‘¦f90Ž¡ë~\torculusdeminut»,‘¦f89Ž¡ë~\torculusinitiodebilis»,‘¦f86Ž¡ë~\tqb»,‘¦f26Ž¡ë~\Tqbbl»,‘¦f30Ž¡ë~\Tqbbu»,‘¦f30Ž¡ë~\Tqbl»,‘¦f30ŽŽ ýbÿì’óûåë~\Tqbu»,‘¦f30ޤ ²%’óûåë~\tqh»,‘¦f26Ž¡’óûåë~\transpose»,–¦f13,“34,“36Ž¡’óûåë~\treble»,‘¦f18Ž¡’óûåë~\treblelowoct»,‘¦f75Ž¡’óûåë~\trebleoct»,‘¦f74Ž¡’óûåë~\trigonus»,‘¦f88Ž¡’óûåë~\Trille»,‘¦f55Ž¡’óûåë~\trille»,‘¦f55Ž¡’óûåë~\TrilleC»,‘¦f55Ž¡’óûåë~\trilleC»,‘¦f55Ž¡’óûåë~\TrilleX»,‘¦f55Ž¡’óûåë~\trilleX»,‘¦f55Ž¡’óûåtrills,‘¦f55Ž¡’óûåë~\triolet»,‘¦f55Ž¡’óûåë~\triplet»,‘¦f54Ž¡’óûåë~\tristropha»,‘¦f85Ž¡’óûåë~\trivirga»,‘¦f85Ž¡’óûåë~\Trtx»,‘¦f81Ž¡’óûåë~\tslur»,–¦f37,“38Ž¡’óûåë~\Tslurbreak»,‘¦f43Ž¡’óûåë~\tsslur»,‘¦f38Ž¡’óûåë~\tstie»,‘¦f38Ž¡’óûåë~\tten»,‘¦f39Ž¡’óûåë~\Ttrille»,‘¦f55Ž¡’óûåë~\tTrille»,‘¦f55Ž¡’óûåë~\ttrille»,‘¦f55Ž¡’óûåë~\Ttx»,‘¦f81Ž¡’óûåë~\turn»,‘¦f57Ž¡’óûåë~\twfvpoint»,‘¦f93Ž¡’óûåë~\twlpoint»,‘¦f93Ž¡’óûåë~\twtypoint»,‘¦f93Ž¡’óûåë~\tx»,‘¦f81Ž¡’óûåë~\txt»,–¦f55,“58ŽŸK7’óûåë~\UD»,‘¦f93Ž¡’óûåë~\Ud»,‘¦f93Ž¡’óûåë~\UH»,‘¦f93Ž¡’óûåë~\Uh»,‘¦f93Ž¡’óûåë~\unbkt»,–¦f58,“59Ž¡’óûåë~\upbow»,–¦f54,“93Ž¡’óûåë~\upperfl»,‘¦f34Ž¡’óûåë~\upperna»,‘¦f34Ž¡’óûåë~\uppersh»,‘¦f34Ž¡’óûåë~\uppz»,‘¦f53Ž¡’óûåë~\Uptext»,‘¦f51{53Ž¡’óûåë~\uptext»,‘¦f52Ž¡’óûåë~\uptrio»,‘¦f58Ž¡’óûåë~\upz»,‘¦f53Ž¡’óûåë~\upzst»,‘¦f54ŽŽŽŽŽŒ‹pΆ × ý%ÿì»112’DuëvCHAPTER‘¦f5.‘„CINDEXŽŽ Á ýbÿìë~\usf»,‘¦f53ޤ ¡Të~\usfz»,‘¦f54Ž¡ë~\ust»,‘¦f53Ž©"ë~\vadjust»,‘¦f59Ž¡ë~\varaccid»,‘¦f34Ž¡ë~\varline»,‘¦f58Ž¡ë~\vfootnote»,‘¦f94Ž¡violin,‘¦f93Ž¡violin–¦fclef,“18,“48Ž¡violin–¦fharmonic“notes,“61Ž¡virga,‘¦f84Ž¡ë~\virga»,‘¦f84Ž¡ë~\voffset»,–¦f47,“93,“100Ž¡v²!oices,‘¦f65Ž¡ë~\voltadot»,‘¦f51Ž¡ë~\vsize»,–¦f47,“93ަë~\wh»,‘¦f22Ž¡ë~\wholeshift»,‘¦f54Ž¡ë~\whp»,‘¦f25Ž¡ë~\whpp»,‘¦f25Ž¡ë~\whppp»,‘¦f94Ž¡ë|Widor,‘"ùC.M.»,‘¦f101Ž¡ë~\wq»,‘¦f22Ž¡ë~\wr»,‘¦f83Ž¡ë~\writebarno»,‘¦f45Ž¡ë~\writezbarno»,‘¦f45Ž¡ë~\wrp»,‘¦f83ަë~\xbar»,‘¦f46Ž¡ë~\xccl»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\xccu»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\xcl»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\xcu»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\xqb»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\xql»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\xqu»,‘¦f92Ž¡ë~\xtuplet»,–¦f54,“55Ž¡ë~\xzq»,‘¦f92ަë~\yccccl»,‘¦f82Ž¡ë~\yccccu»,‘¦f82Ž¡ë~\ycccl»,‘¦f82Ž¡ë~\ycccu»,‘¦f82Ž¡ë~\yccl»,‘¦f82Ž¡ë~\yccu»,‘¦f82Ž¡ë~\ycl»,‘¦f82Ž¡ë~\yclp»,‘¦f82Ž¡ë~\yclpp»,‘¦f82Ž¡ë~\ycu»,‘¦f82ŽŽ ýbÿì’óûåë~\ycup»,‘¦f82ޤ 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