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Ihave6todothisinaspGecialway6whenweareintwoGcolumnmodeinordertoIhave2@thechaptertitleusetheentire\textwidth.InonecolumnmoGdewecallI\@afterheadingUUwhichtakescareofsuppressingtheindentation.E529*z\if@twocolumn E530\@topnewpage[\@makechapterhead{#2}]%E531*z\elseE532\@makechapterhead{#2}%E533\@afterheadingE534*z\fi}Ӎt\@makechapterheadIThe(macroabGove(uses\@makechapterheadhtextظiC8toformattheheadingofthe Ichapter.XW*ebGeginbyleavingsomewhitespace.OTheweopGenagroupinwhichwehaveIaparagraphindentof0pt,2andinwhichwehavethetextsetraggedright.LW*eIalsoUUresetthefont.E535S\def\@makechapterhead#1{% E536]\longthickrule\bigskip%E537]{\parindent\z@\secshape\normalfont\Large\bfseriesIThen3wecheckwhetherthenumbGerofthechapterhastobGeprinted. ^Ifsowe IleaveUUsomewhitespacebGetweenUUthechapternumberUUanditstitle.E538]\@hangfrom{\ifnum\c@secnumdepth>\m@neE539kJ\@chapapp\space\thechapter\quadE540]\fi}%INowwesetthetitleinalargebGoldfont.W*epreventapagebreakatthispGoint 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}E556Sh=refrepJi6I7.2.6l#Lo9werTlevelheadingsuT$\secshapeE557S\newcommand\secshape{\leftskip=-\leftmarginwidth%E558\rightskip=\@flushglue%E559\hyphenpenalty=2000}XTheseUUcommandsallmakeuseof\@startsection.y\sectionIThisogivesanormalheadingwithwhitespaceabGoveandbGelowtheheading,the ItitleUUsetin\large\bfseries,andnoindentationonthe rstparagraph.E560S\newcommand\section{\@startsection{section}{1}{\z@}%E561 S{-2ex\@plus-1ex\@minus-.2ex}%E562 S{0.5ex\@plus.2ex}%E563 S{\secshape\normalfont\large\bfseries}} L\subsectionIThisogivesanormalheadingwithwhitespaceabGoveandbGelowtheheading,the ItitleUUsetin\large\bfseries,andnoindentationonthe rstparagraph.E564S\newcommand\subsection{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%E565}{-1.5ex\@plus-.5ex\@minus-.2ex}%E566}{0.5ex\@plus.2ex}%E567}{\secshape\normalfont\normalsize\bfseries}} 6\subsubsectionIThisogivesanormalheadingwithwhitespaceabGoveandbGelowtheheading,the ItitleUUsetin\normalsize\bfseries,andnoindentationonthe 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Defaultsforthelistenvironmentaresetasfollows.First,I\rightmargin,\listparindentbrand\itemindentaresetto0pt.Then,foraIKthJlevellist,Lthecommand\@listKJiscalled,where`K'Jdenotes`i','`i',...n9,`vi'.I(I.e.,73\@listiii iscalledforathird-levellist.)Byconvention,73\@listK زshouldIsetUU\leftmarginto\leftmarginK. L\leftmarginb\leftmargini\leftmarginii 6\leftmarginiii\leftmarginivb\leftmarginv\leftmarginviIF*oreciency,5level-onelist'svqaluesarede nedattoplevel,5and\@listiisde nedItoUUsetonly\leftmargin.XWhen'weareintwocolumnmoGdesomeofthemarginsaresetsomewhatIsmaller.E580S\if@twocolumn E581]\setlength\leftmargini s.{2em}E582S\elseE583]\setlength\leftmargini s.{2.5em}E584S\fiIThefollowingthreearecalculatedsothattheyarelargerthanthesumofI\labelsepUUandthewidthofthedefaultlabGels(whichare`(m)',`vii.'qand`M.').E585S\setlength\leftmarginii s.{2.2em}E586S\setlength\leftmarginiii{1.87em}E587S\setlength\leftmarginiv s.{1.7em}E588S\if@twocolumnE589]\setlength\leftmarginv s.{.5em}E590]\setlength\leftmarginvi{.5em}E591S\elseE592]\setlength\leftmarginv s.{1em}E593]\setlength\leftmarginvi{1em}E594S\fiIHereUUwesetthetoplevelleftmargin.E595S\setlength\leftmargin\{\leftmargini}26d#so$\labelsep L\labelwidthI\labelsepisthedistancebGetweenthelabelandthetextofanitem; \labelwidth IisUUthewidthofthelabGel.E596S\setlength s.\labelsep{.5em} E597S\setlength s.\labelwidth{\leftmargini}E598S\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}t\@beginparpenaltyf\@endparpenaltyIThesepGenaltiesareinsertedbeforeandafteralistorparagraphenvironment.ITheyUUaresettoabGonusvqaluetoencouragepagebreakingatthesepoints.\@itempenaltyIThisUUpGenaltyisinsertedbetweenUUlistitems.E599Shrefa9rt8jrefrep6<[iE600S\@beginparpenalty-\@lowpenaltyE601S\@endparpenalty,-\@lowpenaltyE602S\@itempenalty-\@lowpenaltyE603Sh=refa9rt8jrefrep6<[i3P\@listI3P\@listiI\@listIͲde nestopleveland\@listivqaluesof\leftmargin,\parsep,\topsep,IandUU\itemsepE604Shrefa9rt8jrefrep6<[iE605S\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmarginiE606]\parsep\parskipE607]\topsep\z@E608]\itemsep\z@}E609S\let\@listi\@listIIW*eUUhavetoinitialisetheseparameters.E610S\@listiy\@listii$\@listiiiy\@listiv3P\@listvy\@listviIHereUUarethesamemacrosforthehigherlevellists.E611S\def\@listii{\leftmargin\leftmarginii E612\labelwidth\leftmarginiiE613\advance\labelwidth-\labelsepE614\topsep\\z@E615\parsep\\parskipE616\itemsep,\z@}E617S\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiiiE618\labelwidth\leftmarginiiiE619\advance\labelwidth-\labelsepE620\topsep\\z@E621\parsep\\parskipE622\partopsep\z@E623\itemsep,\topsep}E624S\def\@listiv{\leftmargin\leftmarginivE625\labelwidth\leftmarginivE626\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}E627S\def\@listv s.{\leftmargin\leftmarginvE628\labelwidth\leftmarginvE629\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}E630S\def\@listvi{\leftmargin\leftmarginviE631\labelwidth\leftmarginviE632\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}E633Shrefa9rt8jrefrep6<[i27osoI7.3.2l#En9umerateuTIThe enumerateenvironmentusesfourcounters:en9umi,βenumii,enumiii#Oand enumiv, IwhereUUen9umNCcontrolsthenumbGeringoftheNthlevelenumeration.$\theenumi\theenumii L\theenumiii\theenumivIThelcountersarealreadyde nedinlatex.dtx,dbuttheirrepresentationischangedIhere.E634Shrefa9rt8jrefrep6<[i E635S\renewcommand\theenumi{\@arabic\c@enumi}E636S\renewcommand\theenumii{\@alph\c@enumii}E637S\renewcommand\theenumiii{\@roman\c@enumiii}E638S\renewcommand\theenumiv{\@Alph\c@enumiv} L\labelenumi b\labelenumii \labelenumiii b\labelenumivIThe8labGelforeachitemisgeneratedbythecommands\labelenumi...\labelenumiv.E639S\newcommand\labelenumi{\theenumi.}E640S\newcommand\labelenumii{(\theenumii)}E641S\newcommand\labelenumiii{\theenumiii.}E642S\newcommand\labelenumiv{\theenumiv.}$\p@enumii \p@enumiii $\p@enumivIThe@expansionof\p@enumN\theenumN޲de nestheoutputofa\refcommand IwhenUUreferencinganitemoftheNthlevelofanenumeratedlist.E643S\renewcommand\p@enumii{\theenumi}E644S\renewcommand\p@enumiii{\theenumi(\theenumii)}E645S\renewcommand\p@enumiv{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}6I7.3.3l#ItemizeuT L\labelitemib\labelitemii\labelitemiiib\labelitemivIItemizationiscontrolledbyfourcommands: (\labelitemi,\labelitemii,I\labelitemiii,?Gand}\labelitemiv,whichde nethelabGelsofthevqariousitem-Iizationlevels:SthesymbGolsusedarebullet,bolden-dash,asteriskandcentredIdot.E646S\newcommand\labelitemi{\textbullet}E647S\newcommand\labelitemii{\normalfont\bfseries\textendash}E648S\newcommand\labelitemiii{\textasteriskcentered}E649S\newcommand\labelitemiv{\textperiodcentered}6I7.3.4l#DescriptionuT LdescriptionIThedescriptionenvironmentisde nedhere{whiletheitemizeandenumerateIenvironmentsUUarede nedinlatex.dtx.E650S\newenvironment{description}E651{\list{}{%E652*z\labelsep\marginparsepE653*z\labelwidth\leftmarginwidthE654*z%\advance\labelwidthby\@totalleftmarginE655*z\advance\labelwidthby\leftmarginE656*z\advance\labelwidthby-\labelsepE657*z\let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}E658{\endlist}t\descriptionlabelIT*oUUchangetheformattingofthelabGel,youmustrede ne\descriptionlabel.E659S\newcommand*\descriptionlabel[1]{%28z֠soE660]\ifdescriptionleft\else\hfil\fi E661]\normalfont#1\ifdescriptioncolon:\fiE662]\ifdescriptionleft\hfil\fi}6I7.4gDe ningnewenvironmentsuTI7.4.1l#AbstractyabstractIWhen xweareproGducingaseparatetitlepagewealsoputtheabstractonapageof IitsUUown.qItwillbGecentredverticallyonthepage.E663S\if@titlepage E664]\newenvironment{abstract}{%E665p8\titlepageE666p8\null\vfilE667p8\@beginparpenalty\@lowpenaltyE668p8\begin{center}E669ywf\bfseries\abstractnameE670ywf\@endparpenalty\@ME671p8\end{center}}E672kJ{\par\vfil\null\endtitlepage}IWhenޞwearenotmakingasepGeratetitlepage{thedefaultfortherefartdocumentIclass{*wehavetocheckifweareintwoGcolumnmode.cInthatcasetheabstractisIas9a\section*,?'otherwisethequoteenvironment9isusedtotypGesettheabstract.E673S\elseE674]\newenvironment{abstract}{%E675p8\if@twocolumnE676ywf\section*{\abstractname}%E677p8\elseE678ywf\smallE679ywf\begin{center}%E680{\bfseries\abstractname\vspace{-.5em}\vspace{\z@}}%E681ywf\end{center}%E682ywf\quoteE683p8\fi}E684p8{\if@twocolumn\else\endquote\fi}E685S\fi6I7.4.2l#V erseuT'|verseIThe?verseenvironmentisde nedbymakingcleveruseofthelistenvironment'sIparameters.eThe0usertypGes\\toendaline.Thisisimplementedby\let'ing\\IequalUU\@centercr.E686S\newenvironment{verse}E687{\let\\=\@centercrE688D\list{}{\itemsepY\z@E689\itemindent,-1.5em%E690\listparindent\itemindentE691\rightmargin s.\leftmarginE692\advance\leftmargin1.5em}%E693D\item\relax}E694{\endlist}29hsoI7.4.3l#QuotationuT$quotationIThe3quotationenvironment3isalsode nedbymakingcleveruseofthelistenviron- Iment's4parameters.0gThelinesintheenvironmentaresetsmallerthan\textwidth.ITheUU rstlineofaparagraphinsidethisenvironmentUUisindented.E695S\newenvironment{quotation} E696{\list{}{\listparindent1.5em%E697\itemindent\\listparindentE698\rightmargin,\leftmarginE699\parsep%̸\z@\@plus\p@}%E700D\item\relax}E701{\endlist}6I7.4.4l#Quote'|quoteITheHquoteenvironmentHislikethequotationenvironmentexceptthatparagraphs IareUUnotindented.E702S\newenvironment{quote}E703{\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%E704D\item\relax}E705{\endlist}6I7.4.5l#Exampley\exampleITheexampleenvironmentisaverseenvironmentwithttfontwhichtriestoavoid IpagebrakesUUatthe\begin{example}.E706S\newenvironment{example}E707{\@beginparpenalty=\highpenaltyE708\let\\=\@centercrE709D\list{}{\itemsepY\z@E710\itemindent,-1.5em%E711\listparindent\itemindentE712\rightmargin s.\leftmarginE713\advance\leftmargin1.5em}%E714D\ttfamilyE715D\item\relax}E716{\endlist}6I7.4.6l#TheoremIThis0rdoGcumentclassdoesnotde neit'sowntheoremenvironments,7thedefaults, IsuppliedUUbyxlatex.dtxareavqailable.I7.4.7l#Titlepage$titlepageIInthenormalenvironments,+thetitlepageenvironmentdoGesnothingbutstartand IendXHapage,YandinhibitpagenumbGers.zItXHalsoresetsthepagenumberXHtozero.zInItwo-columnUUstyle,itstillmakesaone-columnpage.E717S\newenvironment{titlepage} E718{\if@twocolumnE719L\@restonecoltrue\onecolumnE720D\else30rsoE721L\@restonecolfalse\newpage E722D\fiE723D\thispagestyle{empty}%E724D\setcounter{page}\@neE725}E726{\if@restonecol\twocolumn\else\newpage\fiE727D\if@twoside\elseE728L\setcounter{page}\@neE729D\fiE730}6I7.4.8l#AppQendixuT$\appendixIThez\appendixcommandisnotreallyanenvironment,Jitzisamacrothatmakes IsomeUUchangesinthewaythingsaredone.XInC;thearticledoGcumentclassthe\appendixcommandmustdothefollowing:XbresetUUthesectionandsubsectioncounterstozero,Xbrede neUU\thesectiontoproGducealphabeticappendixnumbers.E731Shrefa9rthi E732S\newcommand\appendix{\parE733]\setcounter{section}{0}%E734]\setcounter{subsection}{0}%E735]\renewcommand\thesection{\@Alph\c@section}}E736Sh=refa9rthiXIn*therepGortandbookdocumentclassesthe\appendixcommandmustdo ItheUUfollowing:Xbissuea\newpageifpagepGerchapterisde ned,otherwisethepagenumbGerbwouldUUcomeoutwrong.XbresetUUthechapterandsectioncounterstozero,XbsetUU\@chapappto\appendixname(formessages),Xbrede neUUthechaptercountertoproGduceappendixnumbers,XbpGossiblyrede nethe\chaptercommandifappendixtitlesandheadingsarebtoUUloGokdi erentfromchaptertitlesandheadings.E737ShrefrepJi E738S\newcommand\appendix{\parE739]\if@pageperchapter\newpage\fiE740]\setcounter{chapter}{0}%E741]\setcounter{section}{0}%E742]\renewcommand\@chapapp{\appendixname}%E743]\renewcommand\thechapter{\@Alph\c@chapter}}E744Sh=refrepJi31 ؠsoI7.5gSettingparametersforexistingenvironmentsuTI7.5.1l#Arra9yTandtabularb\arraycolsepITheUUcolumnsinanarrayenvironmentareseparatedby2\arraycolsep. ȜE745S\setlength\arraycolsep{5\p@}YӍ\tabcolsepITheUUcolumnsinantabularenvironmentUUareseparatedby2\tabcolsep.E746S\setlength\tabcolsep{6\p@}f\arrayrulewidthIThe8widthofrulesinthearrayandtabularenvironmentsisgivenby\arrayrulewidth.E747S\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@} 6\doublerulesepITheq,spacebGetweenq,adjacentrulesinthearrayandtabularenvironmentsisgiven IbyUU\doublerulesep.E748S\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}΃I7.5.2l#T abbinguT L\tabbingsepIThiscontrolsthespacethatthe\'commandputsin.(SeeL5ffA͉TU>'ExXmanualforanIexplanation.)E749S\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}΃I7.5.3l#MinipageuTt\@minipagerestoreITheȊmacro\@minipagerestoreiscalledupGonentrytoaminipageenvironmentIto9setupthingsthataretobGehandleddi erentlyinsideaminipageenvironment.IInUUthecurrentstyles,itdoGesnothing.YӍ L\@mpfootinsIMinipagesXhavetheirownfoGotnotes;Zl\skip\@mpfootinsplayssamer^oleforfoGot-InotesUUinaminipageas\skip\footinsdoGesforordinaryfootnotes.7E750S\skip\@mpfootins=\skip\footinsI7.5.4l#F ramedTbQo9xesuTy\fboxsepITheUUspaceleftby\fboxand\frameboxbGetweenthebGoxandthetextinit.7$\fboxruleITheUUwidthoftherulesinthebGoxmadeby\fboxand\framebox. 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