%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% aparse.sty
% Parser 19.03.96
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% (c) Klaus Lagally
%     Institut fuer Informatik
%     Universitaet Stuttgart
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\a@ident {aparse.sty} {3.04 get syllables } {19.03.96}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% dynamic definitions for Arabic
{\catcode `\ =9 \catcode `\^^M=9 \catcode `\^^I=9
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\gdef \def@arabvoc {% define vowel parsing routines for Arabic
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% short vowels

\def \sv@a {% short a
\ifk@rd \put@syl \put@con \a@H \put@syl \let \next \syl@endvoc 
\else \let \next \sv@aInt \fi \next }

\def \sv@e {% short e
\ifk@rd \let \next \sv@a \else 
\ift@rk \let \next \sv@a \else 
\let \next \sv@eInt 
\fi\fi \next }

\def \sv@i {\sv@iInt }% short i

\def \sv@o {% ammad in Pashto, otherwise short u
\ifk@rd \put@syl \put@con \a@W \put@syl \let \next \syl@con
\else \ifpasht@ \add@ammad \else \ifiz@fet \else \add@damma \fi \fi 
\put@syl \let \next \syl@endvoc \fi \next }

\def \sv@u {% short u
\ifk@rd \let \next \sv@ukurd \else \let \next \sv@uInt \fi \next }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% long vowels, plene

\def \sv@A {% long a
\ifk@rd \else \add@fatha \fi
\put@syl \put@con a\sv@Aa }

\def \sv@E {% long e
\ift@rk \let \next \sv@I \else \let \next \sv@EInt \fi \next }

\def \sv@I {\sv@IInt }% long i

\def \sv@O {% long o
\ifpasht@ \add@ammad \else
\ifiz@fet \else \add@damma 
\fi\fi \put@syl \put@con w\put@syl \syl@con }

\def \sv@U {% long u
\ifk@rd \put@syl \put@con w\put@syl \put@con w\put@syl 
\let \next \syl@con
\else \let \next \sv@UInt \fi \next }

\def \sv@Y {% alif maqsura
\add@fatha \put@syl \put@con Y\put@syl \syl@con }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% long vowels, defective writing

\sv@def \a@a {\sv@aspec }% Qur'an alif

\sv@def \a@i {% defective long i
\add@kasraspec \put@syl \syl@con }

\sv@def \a@j {\sv@I }% Turkish "I

\sv@def \a@o {\sv@U }% special short u

\sv@def \a@u {% defective long u
\add@ammad \put@syl \syl@con }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% special vowels

\sv@def \a@A {\sv@a }% Turkish "a

\sv@def \a@E {% kurdish ^e
\put@syl \put@con \a@E \put@syl \syl@con }

\sv@def \a@I {\sv@i }% Turkish "i

\sv@def \a@O {% Kurdish and Turkish "o
\ifk@rd \put@syl \put@con w\put@syl \put@con \a@E\put@syl 
\let \next \syl@con
\else \let \next \sv@o
\fi \next }

\sv@def \a@P {\sv@U }% Turkish "O

\sv@def \a@U {\sv@u }% Turkish "u

\sv@def \a@w {\sv@U }% Turkish "U

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% hamza handling

\def \syl@hamzabeg ##1##2{% initial hamza
\ifk@rd \ifx ##2i\def \next {\syl@con }\put@con a% alif
	\add@hamza \add@hamzalow \put@syl 
	\else \put@con Y\add@hamza \def \next {\syl@voctest ##2}%
	\fi \else
\ifh@mza \def \next {\syl@beghamza ##1##2}\else
   \def \next {\syl@hamzaverb ##1##2}% verbatim mode
\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@hamza ##1{% non-initial hamza, context #1'
\ifx ##1-\def \next {\syl@hamzabeg ##1}\else 
\ifh@mza \def \next {\syl@arabhamza ##1}\else
   \def \next {\syl@hamzaverb ##1}% verbatim mode
\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@test@voc ##1{% vowel or sukun ?
\xpa \ifx \csname sv@\string ##1\endcsname \relax % non-vowel follows
	\ifurd@ \ifx ##1h\else \add@sukun \fi \else \add@sukun 
	\fi \put@syl \def \next {\syl@con ##1}%
\else \def \next {\syl@voc ##1}% test for vowel
\fi \next }

\def \add@wasla     {\if@suk \last@voc \c@wasla \fi }
}
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
}% end of dynamic definitions for Arabic
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% static definitions for Arabic
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def \sv@def #1#2{% define \tr@#1 as {#2}
\xpa \def \csname sv@\string #1\endcsname {#2}}

\newtoks \a@revwd       \newtoks \last@con
\newcount \last@mod     \newcount \last@voc
\newif \ifsyl@wdend	\newif \ifm@dda

\def \a@parse #1>{% parse token sequence into syllables
\iftest@parse \iftest@scan \else \a@verb (#1)>\fi
\tracingmacros = 1 \fi
\last@con ={.}\last@mod = 0 \last@voc = 0 \global\@highfalse
\gdef \sv@wd {}\global \a@revwd ={}\syl@beg #1<<<>%
\iftest@parse \tracingmacros = 0 %
\xpa \a@verb \xpa (\the\a@revwd )>\fi }

\def \test@wdend #1#2#3{% test for end of word: k #1 #2 #3
   \syl@wdendfalse
\ifx #1<\syl@wdendtrue \else
\ifx #1"\test@wdend #2#3t\else
\ifcat -\nxp #1\syl@wdendtrue \else
\ifx #1N\syl@wdendtrue \else
   \test@in@list #1aeiou>%
\ifin@list \test@wdend #2#3t%
\fi
\fi\fi\fi\fi }

\def \syl@end #1>{% kill the rest
\relax }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% start of word

\def \syl@beg #1#2{% start new word
\global\@highfalse
\ifx #1<\let \next \syl@end \else % not done
\ifx #1Q\def \next {\syl@hamzabeg #2}\else % no Hamza
\ifx #1^\def \next {\syl@hamzabeg A#2}\else % no Hamza
\ifx #1B\def \next {\syl@tatwilbeg #2}\else % no Tatwil
\ifx #1"\def \next {\syl@quote@beg #2}\else % no quoting
\ifx #1|\def \next {\syl@bar #2}\else % no |
\ifx #1Y\def \next {\syl@con #1#2}\else % no Y
\ifcat a#1\xpa % letter after expansion !
      \ifx \csname sv@\string #1\endcsname \relax % consonant 
            \def \next {\syl@con #1#2}% start syllable
      \else \def \next {\syl@wasla #1#2}% vowel: put wasla
      \fi
\else \def \next {\syl@spec #1#2}% special character
\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@bar #1{% check for || as "|
\ifx #1|\def \next {\syl@quote@beg #1}\else % 
\ifx #1B\def \next {\syl@con |B}\else 
   \put@con W\v@cfalse \@sukfalse \def \next {\syl@voctest #1}%
\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@wasla #1{% start word with vowel without hamza
   \put@con a% deposit alif
\ifx #1A\ifiz@fet \add@madda 
        \def \next {\syl@con }\put@syl 
	\else \def \next {\syl@voctest }% 
	\fi 
\else \def \next {\syl@voc #1}% prepare for vowel
% no wasla in Urdu
\ifurd@ \else
	\ifh@mza \test@in@list #1aiueo>% short vowel ?
	\ifin@list
	\if@wasla \add@wasla \put@syl \def \next {\syl@con }% next syllable
	\fi\fi\fi
\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@tatwilbeg #1{% start word with tatwIl: -- #1
   \put@con B%
\xpa \ifx \csname sv@\string #1\endcsname \relax % consonant follows
   \put@syl \def \next {\syl@con #1}% join
\else \def \next {\syl@voc #1}% harakat on tatwil
\fi \next }

\def \syl@spec #1#2{% deposit special character
\ifx #1<\let \next \syl@end
\else \put@spec #1% deposit character
	\ifx #1-\def \next {\syl@con #2}\else	% create joining form
	\ifx #2<\let \next \syl@end \else 	% isolated character
		\def \next {\syl@beg #2}% 	% start new word
	\fi\fi
\fi \next }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% start of syllable

\def \syl@con #1#2{% start a new syllable
\ifx #1<\let \next \syl@end \else % not done
\ifx #1Q\def \next {\syl@hamza #2}\else % no Hamza
\ifx #1B\put@con B\put@syl \def \next {\syl@con #2}\else 
\ifx #1W\put@con w\def \next {\syl@Wspec #2}\else % no ending wA or w-
\ifx #1"\def \next {\syl@quote@con #2}\else 
\ifx #1|% test for ||
        \ifx #2|\def \next {\syl@quote@con #2}\else 
        \ifx #2B\def \next {\syl@tatwil }\else 
             \put@con |\@sukfalse \def \next {\syl@voctest #2}%
\fi
        \fi \else % no |
\ifcat a#1% letter after expansion !
   \ifx #2-\def \next {\syl@assim #1}\else % assimilate?
        \put@con #1% deposit consonant
   \ifx #1#2\add@shadda \def \next {\syl@shadd@voctest #2}\else
        \def \next {\syl@voctest #2}%
   \ifiz@fet\ifx #1X\ifx #2w\put@syl \def \next {\syl@con #2}% waw-e-ma`dul
           \fi\fi
   \fi\fi\fi
\else \def \next {\syl@spec #1#2}% special character
   \ifx #1-\ifx #2<% hyphen at the end: joining form
           \else \def \next {\syl@beg #2}% ignore hyphen, tie
           \fi
   \fi
\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@tatwil #1{% test for 2 tatwils
\put@con B%
\ifx #1B\add@shadda \def \next {\syl@voctest }\else
\def \next {\syl@voctest #1}%
\fi \next }

\def\syl@shadd@voctest #1#2{% hyphen after shadda ? context #1#1 #2
\ifx #2-\def \next {\syl@hyphen #1}\else \def \next {\syl@voctest#2}%
\fi \next }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% hyphen

\def \syl@hyphen #1#2#3{% hyphen after consonant,           #1 - #2 #3
\ifx #2<%                              hyphen at the end ?   k - ||
   \add@sukun \put@syl \def \next {\syl@con -#2#3}\else
\ifx #3<%                               connecting vowel ?   k - x ||
   \def \next {\syl@contie #1#2#3}\else
\ifcat -#3%                             connecting vowel ?   k - x -
   \def \next {\syl@contie #1#2#3}\else
\ifx #1\a@H%                                  silent hah ?   H - x
  \put@syl \put@spec W\def \next {\syl@beg #2#3}\else
\ifiz@fet \def \next {\syl@voctest #2#3}\else %            Persian suffix
\ifx #1l%                                        article ?   l - #2 #3
   \def \next {\syl@art #2#3}\else
\add@sukun \put@syl \def \next {\syl@con #2#3}% ignore hyphen
\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@art #1#2#3{% article, (a)l-#1#2#3
\def \next {\syl@beg #1#2#3}% ought to test for sun letter !
\ifx #1#2% no sukun before double (sun) letter
\ifx #2#3\def \next {\syl@beg #2#3}% special case l-ll
\fi \else \add@sukun % moon letter
\fi \put@syl \next }

\def \syl@assim #1#2{% test for assimilation #1 - #2
\ifh@mza
  \ifx #1#2% ought to test for sun letter !
      \put@con l\def\next {\syl@art #1#2}% substitute l - #1 #2
  \else \put@con #1\def \next {\syl@hyphen #1#2}% #1 - #2
  \fi 
\else \put@con #1\def \next {\syl@hyphen #1#2}% #1 - #2
\fi \next }

\def \syl@contie #1#2#3{% connecting vowel, #1 - #2#3
   \def \next {\syl@voctest #2#3}%
\ifiz@fet \sv@test@izafet #1#2#3%
\fi \next }

\def \syl@voctie #1#2#3{% hyphen after vowel, #1 - #2 #3
   \def \next {\syl@con -#2#3}%
\ifiz@fet
  \ifx #3<\sv@test@izafet #1#2#3\else
  \ifcat -#3\sv@test@izafet #1#2#3\else
  \ifx #1a\put@syl \put@con \a@H % supply final silent H
          \def \next {\syl@hyphen \a@H #2#3}\else
  \ifx #1e\put@syl \put@con \a@H % supply final silent H
          \def \next {\syl@hyphen \a@H #2#3}\else
       \put@syl
  \fi\fi\fi\fi
\else \put@syl
\fi \next }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% special cases for Persian

\def \syl@hahtie #1#2#3{% connecting vowel, H - #2#3
   \def \next {\syl@hah #2#3}%
\ifx #2I\else
\ifx #2E\else
\sv@test@izafet #1#2#3%
\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@hah{% H at the end, ha-ye hawwaz-e ma.hfi
\put@syl \put@spec W\syl@beg }

\def \sv@izafet #1#2{% #1 - i/e/_i
\ifx #1\a@H \add@hamza \else
\ifx #1A\put@syl \put@con y\else
\ifx #1U\put@syl \put@con y\else
\ifx #1I\add@hamza \else
\fi\fi\fi\fi
\ifx #2\a@i \add@kasraspec \else \add@kasra % long izafet ?
\fi \put@syl \syl@con }

\def \sv@wahdat #1#2{% #1 - I/E
\ifx #1\a@H \put@syl \put@spec W\put@con a\else
\ifx #1I\put@syl \put@spec W\put@con a\else
\ifx #1A\put@syl \put@con Y\add@hamza \else
\ifx #1U\put@syl \put@con Y\add@hamza \else
\fi\fi\fi\fi
\ifx #2I\add@kasra \fi
\put@syl \put@con y\put@syl \syl@con }

\def \sv@test@izafet #1#2#3{% special cases for -e, -i, -_i, -I, -E
\ifx #2i\def \next {\sv@izafet #1#2#3}\else
\ifx #2e\def \next {\sv@izafet #1#2#3}\else
\ifx #2\a@i \def \next {\sv@izafet #1#2#3}\else
\ifx #2I\def \next {\sv@wahdat #1#2#3}\else
\ifx #2E\def \next {\sv@wahdat #1#2#3}\else
\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi }

\def \syl@endvoc #1#2{% test for H
\def \next {\syl@con #1#2}%
\ifiz@fet
\ifx #1\a@H \put@con \a@H
  \ifx #2-\def \next {\syl@hahtie #1}\else
  \ifx #2Q\add@hamza \add@kasraspec \put@syl \let \next \syl@end \else
     \put@syl 
  \ifx #2<\let \next \syl@end \else
  \ifx #2"\let \next \syl@quote@beg \else
  \ifx #2|\let \next \syl@bar \else
  \ifcat ,#2\let \next \syl@end \else
     \def \next {\syl@beg #2}% start a new word
  \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
\fi\fi \next }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% quoting

\def \syl@quote@beg #1#2{% start word with quote: " #1 #2
\ifx #1'\put@con Q\def \next {\syl@voctest #2}\else
\ifx #1Q\put@con Q\def \next {\syl@voctest }\else
\ifx #1|\put@spec W\def \next {\syl@beg #2}\else % start new word
	\put@con a% alif implied
   \xpa \ifx \csname sv@\string #1\endcsname \relax % consonant follows
		\togglev@c \add@wasla \put@syl 
		\def \next {\syl@con #1#2}% wasla
     	\else \if@wasla \v@ctrue \else \add@wasla \togglev@c \fi
		\def \next {\syl@voc #1#2}% explicit vowel
	\fi
\fi\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@quote@con #1#2{% start syllable with quote: " #1 #2
\ifx #1'\put@con Q\def \next {\syl@voctest #2}\else
\ifx #1Q\put@con Q\def \next {\syl@voctest }\else
\ifx #1|\put@spec W\def \next {\syl@con #2}\else
   \def \next {\syl@con #2}\togglev@c 
\fi\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@quote@voc #1#2{% continue syllable with quote: " #1 #2
\ifx #1'\add@hamza \def \next {\syl@voctest #2}\else
\ifx #1Q\add@hamza \def \next {\syl@voctest }\else
\ifx #1B\togglev@c \add@sukun \put@syl \def \next {\syl@con #1#2}\else
\ifx #1"\togglev@c \add@sukun \put@syl \def \next {\syl@beg #2}\else
\ifx #1|\put@syl \put@spec W%
   \xpa \ifx \csname sv@\string #2\endcsname \relax % consonant
            \def \next {\syl@con #2}% consonant
      	\else \def \next {\syl@wasla #2}% vowel: wasla
      	\fi
\else \def \next {\syl@voctest #1#2}\togglev@c % vowel: sukun
\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi \next }

\def \togglev@c {% toggle diacritic
\ifv@c  \v@cfalse  \else \v@ctrue  \fi % toggle vowel indicator
\if@suk \@sukfalse \else \@suktrue \fi % toggle sukun, wasla 
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% vowel or end of syllable

\def \syl@voctest #1#2{% continue open syllable
\ifx #1"\def \next {\syl@quote@voc #2}\else % no quoting
\ifx #1^\m@ddatrue \def \next {\syl@voctest #2}\else % no madda
\ifx #1|% test for ||
     \ifx #2|\def \next {\syl@quote@voc #2}\else 
        \put@syl \put@con |\def \next {\syl@voctest #2}%
     \fi \else % no |
\ifx #1B\put@syl \put@con B\def \next {\syl@voctest #2}\else % no Tatwil
	\def \next {\syl@test@voc #1#2}%
\fi\fi\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@voc #1{% test for vowel
\ifx #1<\def \next {\syl@end }\else % this cannot happen! or can it?
\ifx #1-\def \next {\syl@voc }\else % ignore hyphen here
  \def \next {\csname sv@\string #1\endcsname}% switch on vowel
\fi\fi \next }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% auxiliary vowel routines
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% short vowels

\def \sv@aInt #1{% short a
   \def \next {\syl@endvoc #1}% test for H
\ifx #1N\def \next {\syl@Nspec }\else % tanwin alif
   \add@fatha \put@syl
\ifx #1e\ifurd@ \put@con E\else \put@con Y\add@hamza \fi
   \put@syl \def \next {\syl@con }\else
\ifx #1o\put@con w\put@syl \def \next {\syl@con }\else
   \def \next {\syl@endvoc #1}% test for H
\fi\fi\fi \next }

\def \sv@eInt #1{% zwarakay in Pashto, otherwise short a
  \def \next {\syl@endvoc #1}% test for H
\ifpasht@ \add@zwarakay \put@syl
  \ifx #1e\def \next {\syl@con }\put@con Y\add@hamza \put@syl 
  \fi
\else \add@kasra \put@syl
  \ifiz@fet \test@in@list #1aeiuoAEIUO>% provisions for preposition be-
  \ifin@list \def \next {\syl@beg #1}%
  \fi\fi
\fi \next }

\def \sv@iInt #1{% short i
\ifx #1N\add@kasratan \put@syl \def \next {\syl@ignore }% tanwin yah
\else \add@kasra
\ifx #1-\def \next {\syl@voctie i}\else
   \put@syl \def \next {\syl@con #1}% next syllable
\fi\fi \next }

\def \sv@ukurd #1{% short u, for Kurdish
\ifx #1Q\put@syl \def \next {\syl@hamza }\else
	\def \next {\syl@con #1}\put@syl \put@con w\put@syl 
\fi \next }

\def \sv@uInt #1{% short u, otherwise
\ifx #1N\add@dammatan \put@syl \def \next {\syl@ignore }% tanwin waw
\else \add@damma \put@syl \def \next {\syl@con #1}% next syllable
\fi \next }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% long vowels

\def \sv@Aa #1{% long a + a ?
   \def \next {\syl@con #1}% next syllable
   \ifm@dda \add@madda \m@ddafalse \fi
\ifx #1-\def \next {\syl@voctie A}\else
\ifx #1a\def \next {\sv@AaN }\else
\ifx #1"\def \next {\sv@Aa }\v@ctrue \@suktrue \else
   \put@syl
\fi\fi\fi \next }

\def \sv@AaN #1{% long a + aN ?
   \def \next {\syl@con a#1}% next syllable
\ifx #1N\def \next {\syl@aN}\else \put@syl
\fi \next }

\def \sv@aspec #1{% Qur'an alif
  \add@fathaspec \put@syl 
  \def \next {\syl@con }%
\ifx #1U\put@con w\put@syl \else
\ifx #1Y\put@con Y\put@syl \else
\ifx #1I\put@con y\put@syl \else
  \def \next {\syl@con #1}%
\fi\fi\fi \next }

\def \sv@EInt #1{% long E
   \def \next {\syl@con #1}% next syllable
   \ifpasht@ \add@zwarakay \else
   \ifiz@fet \else \add@kasra
   \fi\fi \put@syl
\ifx #1e\put@con L\put@syl \def \next {\syl@con }% ey
\else \ifpasht@ \put@con E\else 
      \ifurd@ \put@con E\else 
         \put@con y%
      \fi\fi \put@syl 
\fi \next }

\def \sv@IInt #1{% long i
   \def \next {\syl@con #1}% next syllable
   \add@kasra \put@syl \put@con y% -I becomes -iy, -Iy becomes -iyy
   \ifm@dda \add@madda \m@ddafalse \fi
\ifx #1y\add@shadda \def \next {\syl@voctest }\else
\ifx #1-\def \next {\syl@voctie I}\else \put@syl 
\fi\fi \next }

\def \sv@UInt #1{% long u
\def \next {\syl@con }% next syllable
   \add@damma \put@syl \put@con w%                % -U becomes -uw
   \ifm@dda \add@madda \m@ddafalse \fi
\ifx #1w\add@shadda \let \next \syl@voctest \else % -Uw becomes -uww
\ifx #1a\put@syl \put@con a\put@syl \else         % not -Ua
\ifx #1A\put@syl \put@con a\put@syl \else         % not -UA
\ifx #1-\def \next {\syl@voctie U}\else           % not -U-
\ifiz@fet
   \ifx #1Q\let \next \sv@UQ \else                % not -U'
      \put@syl \def \next {\syl@con #1}% next syllable
   \fi
\else \put@syl \def \next {\syl@con #1}% next syllable
\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi \next}

\def \sv@UQ #1#2#3#4{% UQU#2#3#4, U' in Farsi
   \test@wdend #2#3#4% final hamza on waw ?
\ifsyl@wdend \add@hamza 
   \ifx #2-\def \next {\syl@hyphen Q#3#4}% ezafe ?
   \else \def \next {\syl@voctest #2#3#4}% vowel ?
   \fi
\else \put@syl \def \next {\syl@hamza U#2#3#4}% next syllable
\fi \next }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Nunation

\def \syl@Nspec {% tanwin fatha
\ifh@mza \ifaN@alif \let \next \syl@aN@alif 
         \else \let \next \syl@aN \fi 
\else \add@fathatan \put@syl \let \next \syl@ignore 
\fi \next }

\def \syl@aN #1{% tanwin fatha on actual character, alif required ?
   \add@fathatan \put@syl
   \def \next {\syl@ignore #1}%
\ifcat a#1\def \next {\syl@ignore #1}\else
\if \the\last@con T\else % tah marbuta: no alif
\if \the\last@con a\else % hamza on alif: no alif
\if \the\last@con B\else % tatwil: no alif
      \put@con a\put@syl % deposit alif
\fi\fi\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@aN@alif #1{% tanwin fatha at the end, alif required ?
   \def \next {\syl@ignore #1}%
\ifcat a#1\ifv@c \put@syl \v@ctrue \else \put@syl
          \fi \put@con #1% deposit character
          \def \next {\syl@ignore }\else
\if \the\last@con T\else % tah marbuta: no alif
\if \the\last@con a\else % hamza on alif: no alif
\if \the\last@con B\else % tatwil: no alif
    \ifv@c \put@syl \v@ctrue \else \put@syl \fi
    \put@con a% deposit alif
\fi\fi\fi\fi
\add@fathatan \put@syl \next }

\def \syl@Wspec #1{% final w with silent alif ?
     \def \next {\syl@con }%
\ifx #1-\def \next {\syl@Wspec }% ignore hyphen
\else \ifx #1u\add@damma % ending w-u
        \else \add@sukun % ending w
       \fi \put@syl \put@con a\put@syl
\fi \next }

\def \syl@ignore #1{% kill the rest after Tanwin except U, A, a, and Y
	\let \next \syl@ignore 
\ifx #1-\else
\ifx #1U\put@con w\put@syl \else
\ifx #1A\put@con a\put@syl \else
\ifx #1a\put@con a\put@syl \else	% allow aNa
\ifx #1Y\put@con Y\put@syl \else
\ifcat a#1\else % tie
       \def \next {\syl@con #1}%
\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi \next }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Hamza

\newif \if@ay

\def \syl@hamzaverb #1{% verbatim hamza, #1 = carrier
   \put@con #1\def \next {\syl@voctest }%
\ifx #1|\put@con Q\else
\ifx #1A\put@con a\add@madda \@sukfalse \else
   \add@hamza
\ifx #1y\put@con Y\else
\ifx #1u\put@con w\else
\ifx #1i\put@con a\add@hamzalow \else
\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@beghamza #1#2{% start word with hamza, context '#2
\ifx #2"\def \next {\syl@beghamza #1}\togglev@c % toggle vowel
\else \def \next {\syl@con }\put@con a% alif
   \ifx #2A\add@madda \else
           \add@hamza
         \test@in@list #2a\a@a\a@A>%
      \ifin@list \add@fatha \else
         \test@in@list #2i\a@i\a@I>%
      \ifin@list \add@kasra \add@hamzalow \else
         \test@in@list #2ou\a@O\a@U>%
      \ifin@list \add@damma \else
         \test@in@list #2eE\a@E>%
      \ifin@list \ifpasht@ \add@zwarakay \else \add@kasra \fi \else
         \test@in@list #2I\a@j>%
      \ifin@list \add@kasra \add@hamzalow \put@syl \put@con y\else
         \test@in@list #2OU\a@o\a@p\a@w>%
      \ifin@list \add@damma \put@syl \put@con w\else
         \add@sukun \def \next {\syl@con #2}%
   \fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
   \fi \put@syl
\fi \next }

\def \syl@arabhamza #1#2#3#4{% non-initial hamza, context #1'#2#3#4
   \def \next {\syl@hamzamid #1#2#3#3#4}%
\ifx #2"\def \next {\syl@hamza #1#3#4}\togglev@c % toggle vowel
\else \test@in@list #2AIUYEO>% arabic rules
\ifin@list \else
   \test@wdend #2#3#4% test for hamza as last consonant
\ifsyl@wdend \ifiz@fet \else \def \next {\syl@hamzaend #1#2#3#4}\fi 
\fi\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@hamzamid #1#2#3{% intermediate hamza, context #1'#2#3
   \@ayfalse \def \next {\syl@voctest #2}%
   \ifx #2a\ifx #3y\@aytrue \fi\fi
\ifx #1I\ifqur@n \put@con B\else \put@con Y\fi \add@hamza \else
   \test@in@list #1iy>%
\ifin@list \put@con Y\add@hamza \else
   \test@in@list #2iIE>%
\ifin@list \put@con Y\add@hamza
   \ifqur@n \add@hamzalow \fi \else
   \test@in@list #1uo>%
\ifin@list \put@con w\add@hamza \else
   \test@in@list #2uo>%
\ifin@list \put@con w\add@hamza \else
   \test@in@list #2UO>%
\ifin@list \ifqur@n \put@Q #1\else \put@con w\add@hamza \fi \else
   \test@in@list #1AUO>%
\ifin@list \put@Q #1\else
   \test@in@list #2A>%
\ifin@list \put@con a\add@madda \put@syl \def \next {\syl@con }\else
\ifx #1a\put@con a\add@hamza \else
\ifx #2a\ifqur@n \put@Q #1\else \put@con a\add@hamza \fi \else
   \put@Q #1% deposit Hamza
\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi\fi
\ifx #2Q\def \next {\syl@doublehamza }%
\fi \next }

\def \syl@hamzaend #1#2#3{% final hamza, context #1'#2#3
\def \next {\syl@voctest #2#3}%
\ifx #1i\put@con Y\add@hamza \else
\ifx #1u\put@con w\add@hamza \else
\ifx #1a\put@con a\add@hamza \else
   \put@con Q% deposit Hamza
   \ifx #3N\ifx #2a% aN
      \def \next {\syl@hamza@Nspec #1}%
   \fi\fi
\fi\fi\fi \next }

\def \syl@hamza@Nspec #1#2{% #1'aN , put alif ?
\ifx #1A\else
\ifx #1U\else
  \test@end@char #1%
\ifend@char \else
  \ifqur@n \put@con B\else \put@con Y\fi \add@hamza
\fi\fi\fi
   \add@fathatan \put@syl
\ifx #1A\else
   \ifx #2Y\put@con Y% put alif maqsoura
     \else \put@con a% put alif
   \fi \put@syl
\fi \syl@ignore #2}

\def \syl@doublehamza #1{% double Hamza
\add@shadda \syl@voctest }

\def \put@Q #1{% deposit isolated hamza after #1
\ifqur@n \test@end@char #1%
\ifend@char \put@con Q\else \put@con B\add@hamza
\fi \else\put@con Q%
\fi }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% deposit characters

\def \put@con #1{% start syllable
\last@con ={#1}}

\def \put@syl {% deposit syllable
   \if@high \advance \last@mod \c@high \fi
\xdef \rev@wd {\the\last@con \number \the\last@mod +\number \the\last@voc *}%
\global \a@revwd =\xpa \xpa \xpa {\xpa \rev@wd \the\a@revwd }%
\xdef \sv@wd {\sv@wd \rev@wd }%
\xpa \check@high \the\last@con
\global \@waslatrue \let \ifv@c \if@vocals \let \if@suk \if@sukun
\last@mod = 0 \last@voc = 0 }

\def \put@spec #1{% deposit special character
\last@con={#1}\gdef \rev@wd {#10+0*}%
\global \a@revwd =\xpa \xpa \xpa {\xpa \rev@wd \the\a@revwd }%
\xdef \sv@wd {\sv@wd \rev@wd }%
\global \@waslafalse \last@mod = 0 \last@voc = 0 }

\def \check@high #1{%                        long form for tooth ?
    \test@in@list #1sxSD>%                    sxSD    : force high
\ifin@list \global\@hightrue
    \else \test@in@list #1YntCbyp>%           YntCbyp : toggle
\ifin@list \if@high \global\@highfalse \else \global\@hightrue \fi
    \else \global\@highfalse                     % otherwise : force low
\fi\fi }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% deposit .harakAt

\def \add@shadda    {\advance \last@mod \c@shadda }
\def \add@hamza     {\advance \last@mod \c@hamza }
\def \add@hamzalow  {\advance \last@mod \c@hamzalow }
\def \add@madda     {\advance \last@mod \c@madda }

\def \add@wasla     {\if@suk \last@voc \c@wasla \fi }
\def \add@sukun     {\if@suk \last@voc \c@sukun \fi }
\def \add@fatha     {\ifv@c \last@voc \c@fatha \fi }
\def \add@kasra     {\ifv@c \last@voc \c@kasra \fi }
\def \add@damma     {\ifv@c \last@voc \c@damma \fi }
\def \add@zwarakay  {\ifv@c \last@voc \c@zwarakay \fi }
\def \add@fathatan  {\ifv@c \last@voc \c@fathatan \fi }
\def \add@kasratan  {\ifv@c \last@voc \c@kasratan \fi }
\def \add@dammatan  {\ifv@c \last@voc \c@dammatan \fi }
\def \add@fathaspec {\ifv@c \last@voc \c@fathaspec \fi }
\def \add@kasraspec {\ifv@c \last@voc \c@kasraspec \fi }
\def \add@ammad     {\ifv@c \last@voc \c@ammad \fi }

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% output codings

\chardef \c@shadda   = 1     \chardef \c@hamza    = 2
\chardef \c@hamzalow = 3     \chardef \c@madda    = 4
\chardef \c@high     = 10

\chardef \c@sukun     = 1    \chardef \c@fatha     = 2
\chardef \c@kasra     = 3    \chardef \c@damma     = 4
\chardef \c@fathatan  = 5    \chardef \c@kasratan  = 6
\chardef \c@dammatan  = 7    \chardef \c@zwarakay  = 8
\chardef \c@wasla     = 9    \chardef \c@fathaspec = 10
\chardef \c@kasraspec = 11   \chardef \c@ammad     = 12

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\endinput
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% EOF %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%