% isosty.tex   User guide for ISO style files for LaTeX(2e)
%
\ifx\documentclass\undefined
% *********For processing with LaTeX 2.09 we use the following:
  \documentstyle[letterpaper,draft,isrotne1,xtabv1]{isonev1}
                % ********End LaTeX 2.09
\else
% *********For processing with LaTeX2e we use the following:
  \documentclass[letterpaper,draft]{isov1}
  \usepackage{isrot1}
  \usepackage{xtabv1}
                % *********End LaTeX2e
\fi

\standard{LaTeX for standards}
\yearofedition{1996}
\languageofedition{(E)}

%\partno{3456}
\changemarkstrue

\makeindex

%  Uncomment the following to change the Foreword heading
%\renewcommand{\forewordname}{Avant-propos} % change the Foreword title

\setcounter{tocdepth}{3} % add more levels to table of contents
%
%    remainder of preamble is some special macro definitions
%
\makeatletter
%
%   the \file{} command
%
\newcommand{\file}[1]{{\sf #1}}
%
%   the \meta{} command
%
\begingroup
\obeyspaces%
\catcode`\^^M\active%
\gdef\meta{\begingroup\obeyspaces\catcode`\^^M\active%
\let^^M\do@space\let \do@space%
\def\-{\egroup\discretionary{-}{}{}\hbox\bgroup\it}%
\m@ta}%
\endgroup
\def\m@ta#1{\leavevmode\hbox\bgroup$\langle$\it#1\/$\rangle$\egroup
    \endgroup}
\def\do@space{\egroup\space
    \hbox\bgroup\it\futurelet\next\sp@ce}
\def\sp@ce{\ifx\next\do@space\expandafter\sp@@ce\fi}
\def\sp@@ce#1{\futurelet\next\sp@ce}
%
% the MakeShortVerb and DeleteShortVerb commands
%
\def\MakeShortVerb#1{%
  \expandafter\ifx\csname cc\string#1\endcsname\relax
    \typeout{*** Made \expandafter\@gobble\string#1\space a short
             reference for \string\verb \on@line\space ***}%
    \add@special{#1}%
    \expandafter
    \xdef\csname cc\string#1\endcsname{\the\catcode`#1}%
    \begingroup
      \catcode`\~\active  \lccode`\~`#1%
      \lowercase{%
      \global\expandafter\let
         \csname ac\string#1\endcsname~%
      \gdef~{\verb~}}%
    \endgroup
    \global\catcode`#1\active
   \else
    \typeout{*** \expandafter\@gobble\string#1\space is already a short
             reference for \string\verb \on@line\space ***}%
   \fi}
\def\DeleteShortVerb#1{%
  \expandafter\ifx\csname cc\string#1\endcsname\relax
  \else
    \typeout{*** Deleted \expandafter\@gobble\string#1\space as short
             reference for \string\verb \on@line\space ***}%
    \rem@special{#1}%
    \global\catcode`#1\csname cc\string#1\endcsname
    \global \expandafter\let \csname cc\string#1\endcsname \relax
    \ifnum\catcode`#1=\active
      \begingroup
        \catcode`\~\active  \lccode`\~`#1%
        \lowercase{%
          \global\expandafter\let\expandafter~%
          \csname ac\string#1\endcsname}%
    \endgroup \fi \fi}
\def\add@special#1{%
  \rem@special{#1}%
  \expandafter\gdef\expandafter\dospecials\expandafter
    {\dospecials \do #1}%
  \expandafter\gdef\expandafter\@sanitize\expandafter
    {\@sanitize \@makeother #1}}
\def\rem@special#1{%
  \def\do##1{%
    \ifnum`#1=`##1 \else \noexpand\do\noexpand##1\fi}%
  \xdef\dospecials{\dospecials}%
  \begingroup
    \def\@makeother##1{%
      \ifnum`#1=`##1 \else \noexpand\@makeother\noexpand##1\fi}
    \xdef\@sanitize{\@sanitize}%
  \endgroup}
\makeatother
%
%   end of preamble
%
\begin{document}

\foreword
\fwdbp

Annexes~\ref{anx:extraiso} and~\ref{anx:lord}
are an integral part of this document.
Annexes~\ref{anx:indexing}, \ref{anx:sgml}, \ref{anx:getstuff} and~\ref{biblio}
are for information only.

\introduction

    This document specifies the \LaTeX\ class and package files for
use in preparing ISO standard documents.

\sclause*{Overview}

%\MakeShortVerb{\+}



    This document describes a \LaTeX\ class file, called \file{iso},
 for typesetting ISO standards. It also
provides descriptions of some particular package files (e.g., \file{isrot}) 
that have been developed to support the writing of ISO standards.
The electronic source of this  document also provides an example of the
use of these files.



    The current set of 
 files have been developed by Peter Wilson ({\tt pwilson@cme.nist.gov})
(RPI, CUA and NIST)
from files written by Kent Reed (NIST).
 In turn, these were revisions of
files originally created by Phil Spiby (CADDETC, UK), based on early work by Phil 
Kennicott(GE).\footnote{In mid 1994 \LaTeX\ was upgraded from version 2.09 to what
is called \LaTeX 2e. The files described in this document should
be compatible with both versions of \LaTeX.}

%\anote{ It is
%important to note that the style files should not be used with any version
%of \LaTeX\ v2.09 that incorporates the New Font Selection Scheme (NFSS).\index{nfss@NFSS}
%} % end anote

\begin{anote}
 It is
important to note that the style files should not be used with any version
of \LaTeX\ v2.09 that incorporates the New Font Selection Scheme (NFSS).\index{nfss@NFSS}
\end{anote} % end anote

    Documents produced with the \LaTeX\ files have been twice reviewed by the
ISO Editorial Board in Geneva for conformance to their typographical and layout
requirements. The first review was of a set of Draft International Standard
documents. This review resulted in some changes to the style files. The second
review was of a set of twelve International Standard documents. Likewise, this
review led to changes in the style files to bring the documents into conformance.

    With the issuance of these standards, the opportunity has been taken
to to provide a new baseline release of the package files.
This new baseline release has also been designed to cater for the fact that
a major update of \LaTeX\ to \LaTeX 2e took place during 1994. \LaTeX 2e
is now the only officially supported version. However, users are still in
the process of converting to \LaTeX 2e, and many have not yet done so.
Consequently, although the facilities described in this document are common
for both \LaTeX\ v2.09 and \LaTeX 2e users, there are two different implementations.

    Because ISO standard documents have a very structured layout, the class
and package files have been designed to reflect the logical document structure
to a much greater extent than the `standard' \LaTeX\ files. Further, ISO
documents are published in more than one language. The files described
here are written for the English language, but the language-specific elements
have been parameterized for easy modification for publication in other
official ISO languages, such as French.

\title{LaTeX for standards: The LaTeX package files user manual}%
{Peter Wilson (CUA and NIST)}%
{May 1996}


\scopeclause

This manual describes a set of \LaTeX\ files for typesetting 
documents according to the ISO Directives Part 3, together with the STEP
Supplementary Directives.

\begin{inscope}{manual}
\item use of \LaTeX\ for preparing ISO standard documents.
\end{inscope}

\begin{outofscope}{manual}
\item use of \LaTeX\ in general;
\item use of other document preparation systems.
\end{outofscope}

\normrefsclause \label{sec:nrefs}

\normrefbp{manual}
\begin{nreferences}

\isref{ISO Directives Part 3}{Drafting and presentation of International
           Standards.}

\isref{ISO TC 184/SC4 N-432}{Supplementary directives for the
           drafting and presentation of ISO 10303.}

\disref{ISO/IEC 8824-1:---}{Information technology ---
       Open systems interconnection ---
       Abstract syntax notation one (ASN.1) ---
       Part 1: Specification of basic notation.}

\end{nreferences}

\defclause
%\clause{Definitions}

    For the purposes of this manual, the following definitions
apply.

\begin{definitions}
\definition{boilerplate}{Text whose wording is fixed.} \index{boilerplate}
\definition{style file}{A set of \LaTeX\ macros assembled into a single file.}
            \index{style file}\index{latex@{\LaTeX}}
\definition{package file}{A style file for use with \LaTeX 2e.} 
\end{definitions}

\symabbclause
%\clause{Symbols and abbreviations}

    For the purposes of this manual, the following abbreviations
 apply.

\begin{symbols}
\symbol{DIS}{Draft International Standard} \index{DIS}
\symbol{IS}{International Standard}         \index{IS}
\symbol{ISOD}{ISO directives Part 3} \index{ISOD} \index{ISO Directives*ISOD}
\symbol{SD}{Supplementary Directives --- {\em Supplementary directives for the
    drafting and presentation of ISO 10303}}\index{SD}\index{supplementary directives*SD}
\symbol{IS-REVIEW}{The ISO Editorial Board review (September 1994) of 
            twelve IS documents (the STEP standard)
            for conformance to ISO typographical and 
            layout requirements.} \index{IS-REVIEW}
\end{symbols}

\clause{Conformance requirements}  \label{sec:iconform}

    The macro source files shall not be modified.

    If there is a need to modify the macro definitions then the
modifications
shall be defined in a separate \file{.sty} file (or files), using the
\LaTeX\ \verb|\renewcommand|\index{renewcommand\@\verb|\renewcommand|}
and/or the 
\verb|\renewenvironment|\index{renewenvironment\@\verb|\renewenvironment|}
commands as appropriate. The resulting \file{.sty} file(s) shall then
be called in within the preamble portion of the document to be typeset.

\fcandaclause
%\clause{Fundamental concepts and assumptions}

    It is assumed that the reader of this document is familiar with the
\LaTeX\ document preparation system. \index{latex@{\LaTeX}}
%\note{Reference~\bref{lamport} in \aref{biblio} describes the
%      \LaTeX\ system.
%} % end note

\begin{note}Reference~\bref{lamport} in \aref{biblio} describes the
      \LaTeX\ system.
\end{note} % end note

    The reader is also assumed to be familiar with the ISO Directives Part~3 and
the STEP Supplementary Directives. \index{ISOD} \index{SD}

    If there are any discrepancies between the layout and wording of this 
document and the requirements of the ISO Directives Part~3 or the
Supplementary Directives, then the requirements in those documents shall be
followed for ISO 10303 standard documents.

    Because of many revisions over the years to the files described
herein, a naming convention has been adopted for them.
One part of the convention is that the
primary name of the file is suffixed by \file{v\#} or \file{\#}, where
\file{\#} is the version number of the file in question. 
The other part of the convention is that files that are
specific to \LaTeX\ v2.09 that are not otherwise distinguishable from
files specifically for \LaTeX 2e, include \file{ne} as part of their primary
name. All file primary names have been limited to a maximum of eight characters.

\begin{note}
    Table~\ref{tab:curfiles} shows the versions of the files that were
current at the time of publication.
\index{iso@\file{iso}}
\index{isov1.cls@\file{isov1.cls}}\index{isonev1.sty@\file{isonev1.sty}}
\index{iso9.clo@\file{iso9.clo}}\index{iso9.sty@\file{iso9.sty}}
\index{iso10.clo@\file{iso10.clo}}\index{iso10.sty@\file{iso10.sty}}
\index{iso11.clo@\file{iso11.clo}}\index{iso11.sty@\file{iso11.sty}}
\index{isorot@\file{isorot}}
\index{isrot1.sty@\file{isrot1.sty}}\index{isrotne1.sty@\file{isrotne1.sty}}
\index{askinc@\file{askinc}}
\index{askincv1.sty@\file{askincv1.sty}}
\index{xtab@\file{xtab}}\index{xtabv1.sty@\file{xtabv1.sty}}
\end{note} % end note

\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Current file versions} \label{tab:curfiles}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|} \hline\hline
{\bf Facility} & {\bf \LaTeX 2e} & {\bf \LaTeX\ v2.09} \\
\file{iso}     & \file{isov1.cls} & \file{isonev1.sty} \\
9pt option     & \file{iso9.clo}  & \file{iso9.sty} \\
10pt option     & \file{iso10.clo}  & \file{iso10.sty} \\
11pt option     & \file{iso11.clo}  & \file{iso11.sty} \\
\file{isorot}   & \file{isrot1.sty} & \file{isrotne1.sty} \\
\file{askinc}   & \file{askincv1.sty} & \file{askincv1.sty} \\
\file{xtab}     & \file{xtabv1.sty}   & \file{xtabv1.sty}   \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{examples}
\begin{example} At the time of 
publication of this document, any references to \file{iso.cls} should be
read as actually referring to \file{isov1.cls}, and similarly for references
to other files.
\end{example} % end example

\begin{example}The files \file{isrot1.sty} and \file{isrotne1.sty} are respectively
the \LaTeX 2e package file and the \LaTeX\ v2.09 style file implementing
the \file{isrot} facilities.
\end{example} %end example
\end{examples}

\begin{note}This document is not a standard, although it has been laid out in a 
similar, but not necessarily identical, manner.\end{note} % end note


\clause{The iso facility} \index{file!cls@.cls!iso}\index{iso.cls}

    The \LaTeX\ \file{iso} class/style file
is a general file for use in preparing ISO
standard documents using the \LaTeX\ document preparation system.

    As usual, any \LaTeX\ document has the following structure:
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[<list of options>]{iso}
% preamble goes here
\begin{document}
% document body goes here
\end{document}
\end{verbatim}

\begin{anote}Remember to replace \verb|iso| above by the primary name of the 
       current version.
\end{anote} % end anote

\sclause{Options}

    The \file{iso} class file supports the following options: \index{iso.cls}
\begin{itemize}
\item \verb|draft| \index{draft@\verb|draft|} For a draft document where 
      overfull hboxes are marked, marginal notes are allowed,
      and ISO copyright text is not placed in the document;
\item \verb|final| \index{final@\verb|final|} The opposite of \verb|draft|
      (this is the default);
\item \verb|letterpaper| \index{letterpaper@\verb|letterpaper|} For printing 
      on US sized paper;
\item \verb|a4paper| \index{a4paper@\verb|a4paper|} For printing on A4
      size paper (this is the default);
\item \verb|twocolumn| \index{twocolumn@\verb|twocolumn|} For two column 
      formatting;
\item \verb|onecolumn| \index{onecolumn@\verb|onecolumn|} For single column
      printing (this is the default);
\item One of \verb|11pt|, \index{11pt@\verb|11pt|}
      \verb|10pt|, \index{10pt@\verb|10pt|} 
      \verb|9pt| \index{09pt@\verb|9pt|} for 11pt, 10pt or 9pt printing
      respectively (the default is \verb|11pt|);
\item \verb|notcopyright| \index{notcopyright@\verb|notcopyright|} For 
      disabling the printing of copyright notices (this is the default);
\item \verb|copyright| \index{copyright@\verb|copyright|} Enables printing
      of copyright notices;
\item \verb|dis| \index{dis@\verb|dis|} For documents that are Draft
      International Standards; \index{DIS}
\item \verb|is| \index{is@\verb|is|} For International Standard documents;
\item \verb|otherdoc| \index{otherdoc@\verb|otherdoc|} For documents
      that are not intended to become a Standard;
\item \verb|sect| \index{sect@\verb|sect|} To enable use of a \verb|\section|
      command, which is unusual in ISO documents;
\item Any other facilities that are available via packages.
\end{itemize}

    When no options are specified, then the result is 11pt, single column
 printing on A4 size paper, without copyright notice and a running header
for an International Standard document.

\begin{notes}
\begin{note}ISO calls for 9pt double column  printing but the 
      STEP Supplementary \index{SD} \index{ISOD}
      Directives call for 11pt single column printing.\end{note} % end note
\begin{note}Using 9pt double column printing is awkward if any computer code has to
      be placed in the document. The IS-REVIEW\index{IS-REVIEW} accepted
      the STEP 11pt single column layout. \end{note} % end note
\begin{note}The user of \file{iso} is encouraged to process this document using
      different combinations of the options to gain experience with
      their effects.
\end{note} % end note
\end{notes}

\sclause{Sectioning commands}

    Table~\ref{tab:sec} gives the sectioning commands defined for \file{iso}
class documents.
\index{iso.cls}

\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Sectioning commands.} \label{tab:sec}
\begin{tabular}{|c|l|} \hline
{\bf Level} & {\bf Command} \\ \hline\hline
0   & \verb|\section| \\
1   & \verb|\clause|, \verb|\normannex|, \verb|\infannex|, \verb|\repannex| \\
2           & \verb|\sclause| \\
3           & \verb|\ssclause| \\
4           & \verb|\sssclause| \\
5           & \verb|\ssssclause| \\
6           & \verb|\sssssclause| \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

    The \verb|\section| command\index{section\@\verb|\section|}
 is similar to the normal \LaTeX\ \verb|\part| \index{part\@\verb|\part|}
command. It is only available when the \verb|sect| \index{sect@\verb|sect|}
option is specified.

    The \verb|\clause| \index{clause\@\verb|\clause|} commands are similar to 
the normal \LaTeX\ \verb|\section|ing \index{section\@\verb|\section|}
commands. There are also starred versions of these commands 
(e.g., \verb|\clause*|).

    Three varieties of annex \index{annex} commands are available:
\begin{itemize}
\item \verb+\normannex{+\meta{title}\verb+}+\index{normannex\@\verb|\normannex|} 
      for a normative annex;
\item \verb+\infannex{+\meta{title}\verb+}+\index{infannex\@\verb|\infannex|}
       for an informative annex;
\item \verb+\repannex{+\meta{title}\verb+}+\index{repannex\@\verb|\repannex|}
      for an annex that is neither normative or
     informative (e.g. an annex in a technical report).
\end{itemize}

    Only \verb|\sclause| \index{sclause\@\verb|\sclause|} and lower level 
sectioning commands can be used after
an annex \index{annex} command.

\begin{examples}
\begin{example}
    The command  \verb|\infannex{Bibliography}|, assuming that this is the first
annex in the document, produces:
    \begin{center}
    {\bf Annex A}\\
    (informative)

    {\bf Bibliography}
    \end{center}
\end{example} % end example

\begin{example}
  The command \verb|\repannex{Title of annex}|, assuming that this is the second
annex in the document, produces:

\begin{center}
  {\bf Annex B}

  {\bf Title of annex}
\end{center}
\end{example} % end example
\end{examples}

\sclause{LaTeX environments and commands}

    Many of the standard \LaTeX\ environments and commands are available.
In particular, all the normal mathematical typesetting capabilities are
present.
However, there are some additional 
environments and commands defined.
\index{file!cls@.cls!iso} \index{iso.cls}
\index{file!sty@.sty+{ap.sty, iso.sty, step.sty, iso9.sty, iso10.sty, iso11.sty}}

\ssclause{Lists}

    The standard \LaTeX\ \verb|itemize|, \verb|enumerate| and \verb|description|
environments are provided. The labels in these lists, though, differ from
those normally provided by \LaTeX.

\begin{example}
The list environments provided are shown below as: \index{itemize@\verb|itemize|}
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{itemize}
\item First level itemized element;
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Second level itemized element;
    \begin{itemize}
    \item Third level itemized element.
    \end{itemize}
  \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\end{verbatim}

\index{enumerate@\verb|enumerate|}
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{enumerate}
\item First level enumerated element;
  n\begin{enumerate}
  \item Second level enumerated element;
    \begin{enumerate}
    \item Third level enumerated element;
    \end{enumerate}
  \end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}
\end{verbatim}

\index{description@\verb|description|}
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{description}
\item[Description] A description element. Note that a colon is
                   automatically added to the item label.
\end{description}
\end{verbatim}
and they produce
\begin{itemize}
\item First level itemized element;
  \begin{itemize}
  \item Second level itemized element;
    \begin{itemize}
    \item Third level itemized element.
    \end{itemize}
  \end{itemize}
\end{itemize}

\begin{enumerate}
\item First level enumerated element;
  \begin{enumerate}
  \item Second level enumerated element;
    \begin{enumerate}
    \item Third level enumerated element;
    \end{enumerate}
  \end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}

\begin{description}
\item[Description] A description element. Note that a colon is
                   automatically added to the item label.
\end{description}

\end{example} % end example

\begin{example}
    Here is a more complex set of lists:

\begin{itemize}
\item First level itemization
  \begin{enumerate}
  \item First level enumeration
    \begin{itemize}
    \item Second level itemization
      \begin{enumerate}
      \item Second level enumeration
        \begin{itemize}
        \item Third level itemization
%          \begin{enumerate}    % At this point the list is too deeply nested.
%          \item Third level enumeration    % For the TeXnophile this is
%          \item 3rd level enumeration      % because the example environment
%         \end{enumerate}                   % is itself a list.
        \item 3rd level itemization
        \end{itemize}
      \item 2nd level enumeration
      \end{enumerate}
    \item 2nd level itemization
    \end{itemize}
  \item 1st level enumeration
  \end{enumerate}
\item 1st level itemization
\end{itemize}

\end{example} % end example

\begin{notes}
\begin{note}
On occasion, \LaTeX\ objects to a well formed list. Typically, this happens
when a list has only one entry. \index{list!error}
 The \LaTeX\ error message is of the form:
\begin{verbatim}
! Something's wrong--perhaps a missing \item.
\end{verbatim}
Hitting the \verb|<return>| key usually gets \LaTeX\ to run on happily.
\end{note}% end note

\begin{note}
Similarly, you may get the message
\begin{verbatim}
! Too deeply nested
\end{verbatim}
Again, hit \verb|<return>| and processing should continue. However,
the indentation of later lists may not be correct.
\end{note} % end note
\end{notes}
\ssclause{Notes}

    Three different kind of note environments are provided.

\sssclause{Isolated notes}

    The environment \verb+\begin{note}+ \meta{text} \verb+\end{note}+ 
produces a numbered note whose body consists
of \meta{text}. \index{note@\verb|note|}

    The environment \verb+\begin{anote}+ \meta{text} \verb+\end{anote}+ 
produces an un-numbered note whose body
consists of \meta{text}. \index{anote@\verb|anote|}

\begin{example}
    The commands
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{note}Numbered note.\end{note}
\begin{anote}Plain note.\end{anote}
\end{verbatim}
produce

\begin{note}Numbered note.\end{note}
\begin{anote}Plain note.\end{anote}
\end{example} % end example

\sssclause{Grouped notes}

    The environment \index{notes@\verb|notes|}
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{notes}
\begin{note}First note\end{note}
\begin{note}Second note\end{note}
...
\end{notes}
\end{verbatim}
produces a list of numbered notes, as shown in the following example.

\begin{example}
  A list of notes.
\begin{notes}
\begin{note}First note\end{note}
\begin{note}Second note\end{note}
\end{notes}
\end{example} % end example

\ssclause{Examples}

    Two example environments are defined, both producing numbered examples.

\begin{examples}
\begin{example}
   The environments \verb|example|\index{example@\verb|example|} 
and \verb|examples|\index{examples@\verb|examples|} 
    produces examples in the same
   style as the \verb|note| and \verb|notes| environments do for notes.\end{example} % end example
\begin{example}
   This grouping of examples was produced by the commands:
   \begin{verbatim}
   \begin{examples}
     \begin{example}The environments ... \end{example}
     \begin{example}This grouping ... \end{example}
   \end{examples}
   \end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example
\end{examples}

\begin{note} \label{note:1} Numbered examples and notes may be identified using
the \verb|\label{}| \index{label\@\verb|\label|} construct 
(as this note~\ref{note:1} is) and then 
referred to by the
\verb|\ref{}| \index{ref\@\verb|\ref|} construct. \end{note} % end note

\ssclause{Bibliographic references}

    Two different kinds of environments are provided for bibliographic 
references. It should be noted that neither of these has anything to do with
BibTeX. \index{BibTeX}

\sssclause{Normative references}

The normative references are begun by the command \verb|\begin{nreferences}| 
and ended
by the command \verb|\end{nreferences}|. \index{nreferences@\verb|nreferences|}

    Between these two commands, bibliographic entries are denoted by either
\verb+\isref{+\meta{ref}\verb+}{+\meta{title}\verb+}+ or by 
\verb+\disref{+\meta{ref}\verb+}{+\meta{title}\verb+}+. The
\meta{ref} parameter is the number of the standard document and the \meta{title}
parameter is the title of the standard. 

    Use the \verb|\isref| \index{isref\@\verb|\isref|}
command for published standards and the
\verb|\disref| \index{disref\@\verb|\disref|}
 command for documents that have not yet been 
finally approved as a standard. This latter command automatically adds a
footnote to the effect  that the document is
to be published.

\begin{example}
The \LaTeX\ source for the references in clause~\ref{sec:nrefs} of this document is:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{nreferences}
\isref{ISO Directives Part 3}{Drafting and presentation of International
           Standards.}
\isref{ISO TC 184/SC4 Editing N-48}{Supplementary directives for the
           drafting and presentation of ISO 10303 Version 2.3.}
\disref{ISO/IEC 8824-1:---}{Information technology ---
       Open systems interconnection ---
       Abstract syntax notation one (ASN.1) ---
       Part 1: Specification of basic notation.}
\end{nreferences}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example


\sssclause{Informative references}

    Informative bibliography elements are started by \verb|\begin{references}|
\index{references@\verb|references|} and ended by \verb|\end{references}|. 
Each element in the list is specified as 
\verb+\reference{+\meta{author}\verb+}{+\meta{title}\verb+}{+\meta{publisher}\verb+}+.
 \index{reference\@\verb|\reference|}

\begin{example}
The \LaTeX\ source for \aref{biblio} in one version of this document was:
\begin{verbatim}
\infannex{Bibliography}\label{biblio}
\begin{references}
\reference{LAMPORT, L.,}{\LaTeX\/ A Document Preparation System,}%
           {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1986} \label{lamport}
\reference{GOOSENS, M., MITTELBACH, F. and SAMARIN, A.,}{%
           The \LaTeX\/ Companion,}
           Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1994} \label{goosens}
\reference{CHEN, P. and HARRISON, M.A.,}{Index preparation and
           processing,}{Software--Practice and Experience, 19(9):897--915,
           September 1988.} \label{chen}
....
\end{references}

\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example

    Informative references may be cited in the text via the \LaTeX\
\verb|\label| \index{label\@\verb|\label|} and \verb|\ref|
\index{ref\@\verb|\ref|} mechanism. Note that \verb|\cite|
\index{cite\@\verb|\cite|} does not
work for references to bibliographic items. For the purposes of
ISO documents, the command 
\verb+\bref{+\meta{ref}\verb+}+\index{bref\@\verb|\bref|}
is supplied which
properly formats a bibliographic reference.

\ssclause{Listing of scope items}

    The \verb|inscope|\index{inscope@\verb|inscope|} and 
\verb|outofscope|\index{outofscope@\verb|outofscope|}
environments are provided for itemized listing of elements that
are within and outside the scope of the standard. Each list
element is introduced via the \verb|\item| command. Some boilerplate
text is also printed that introduces the scope list.

    The environments take one parameter, \meta{text}, that must read
naturally in a sentence of the form: `The following are within/outside
the scope of this \meta{text}:'. The non-parameterized part of this
sentence is specified by the commands 
|\verb|\inscopename|\index{inscopename\@\verb|\inscopename|} and
\verb|\outofscopename|\index{outofscopename\@\verb|\outofscopename|} 
 respectively for `within' and `outside'.

\begin{example}The following text was printed by the commands shown at the
end of the example.

\begin{inscope}{part of ISO~10303}
\item use of \LaTeX\ for preparing ISO standard documents;
\item use of \LaTeX\ for preparing ISO~10303 documents.
\end{inscope}

\begin{outofscope}{part of ISO~10303}
\item use of \LaTeX\ in general;
\item use of other document preparation systems.
\end{outofscope}

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{inscope}{part of ISO~10303}
\item use of \LaTeX\ for preparing ISO standard documents;
\item use of \LaTeX\ for preparing ISO~10303 documents.
\end{inscope}

\begin{outofscope}{part of ISO~10303}
\item use of \LaTeX\ in general;
\item use of other document preparation systems.
\end{outofscope}
\end{verbatim}

\end{example} % end example

\ssclause{Listing of definitions}

    The \verb|\begin{olddefinitions}| \ldots \verb|\end{olddefinitions}|
\index{olddefinitions@\verb|olddefinitions|} environment is provided for 
listing terms that have been defined within
the normatively referenced documents. Each term in the list is specified as \\
\verb+\olddefinition{+\meta{phrase}\verb+}{+\meta{optional text}\verb+}+.
 \index{olddefinition\@\verb|\olddefinition|}

    The \verb|\begin{definitions}| \ldots \verb|\end{definitions}|
\index{definitions@\verb|definitions|} environment is provided for listing 
the definitions of terms specific to the
document being written. Each term in the
list is specified as \index{definition\@\verb|\definition|} \\
\verb+\definition{+\meta{phrase}\verb+}{+\meta{definition text}\verb+}+.

\begin{examples}
\begin{example}A listing of terms defined elsewhere could be specified as:

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{olddefinitions}
\olddefinition{application protocol (AP)}{}
\olddefinition{integrated resource}{}
\end{olddefinitions}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example

\begin{example}The definition listing earlier in this document was produced by:

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{definitions}
\definition{boilerplate}{Text whose wording is fixed.}
\definition{style file}{A set of \LaTeX\ macros assembled 
                        into a single file.}
...
\end{definitions}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example
\end{examples}

\ssclause{Listing of abbreviations}

    The \verb|\begin{symbols}| \ldots \verb|\end{symbols}| environment is
\index{symbols\@\verb|symbols|} provided for listing symbols \index{symbols}
and abbreviations. \index{abbreviations} Each term in the list is
specified as \index{symbol\@\verb|\symbol|} \\
 \verb+\symbol{+\meta{symbol}\verb+}{+\meta{definition text}\verb+}+.

\begin{example}The list of abbreviations earlier in this document was specified as:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{symbols}
\symbol{DIS}{Draft International Standard}
\symbol{IS}{International Standard}
...
\end{symbols}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example

\sclause{Floating bodies}

    \LaTeX\ provides the \verb|figure| \index{figure@\verb|figure|}
and \verb|table| \index{table@\verb|table|} environments.
Captions (produced by the \verb|\caption| \index{caption\@\verb|\caption|}
command) increment the figure or
table number and add the caption to the relevant contents listing file.

\index{floats} \index{floats!continuation}

    The command 
\verb+\contcaption{+\meta{text}\verb+}+\index{contcaption\@\verb|\contcaption|}
may be used instead. This command neither increments the number nor adds
anything to the listing files.

\begin{example}
The following code:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{table}[tbp]
\centering
\caption{Example table in three parts} \label{tab:cont}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline
{\bf Col 1} & {\bf Col 2} \\ \hline\hline
A & 1 \\
B & 2 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[tbp]
\centering
\contcaption{(continued)}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline
{\bf Col 1} & {\bf Col 2} \\ \hline\hline
C & 3 \\
D & 4 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[tbp]
\centering
\contcaption{(concluded)}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline
{\bf Col 1} & {\bf Col 2} \\ \hline\hline
E & 5 \\
F & 6 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
\end{verbatim}
produces the three-part \tref{tab:cont}. \end{example} %end example

\begin{table}[tbp]
\centering
\caption{Example table in three parts} \label{tab:cont}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline
{\bf Col 1} & {\bf Col 2} \\ \hline\hline
A & 1 \\
B & 2 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[tbp]
\centering
\contcaption{(continued)}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline
{\bf Col 1} & {\bf Col 2} \\ \hline\hline
C & 3 \\
D & 4 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{table}[tbp]
\centering
\contcaption{(concluded)}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|} \hline
{\bf Col 1} & {\bf Col 2} \\ \hline\hline
E & 5 \\
F & 6 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\sclause{Title command}


    The command to produce the title of the standard \index{title\@\verb|\title|}
is 
\verb+\title{+\meta{intro}\verb+}{+\meta{main}\verb+}{+\meta{compl}\verb+}+. 
The command takes three parameters
according to the three elements of the title as specified in the ISO directives.
\begin{enumerate}
\item \meta{intro} The introductory element of the title.
\item \meta{main} The main element of the title.
\item \meta{compl} The complementary element of the title.
\end{enumerate}

\begin{example}
If this were actually meant to be an ISO standard, then the \LaTeX\ source 
for the title of this document might be:
\begin{verbatim}
\title{Industrial automation systems and integration}%
{Product data representation and exchange}%
{Part 3456 : Documentation methods: The LaTeX style
file reference manual}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example

\begin{anote}There must be a space on either side of the colon separating the
part number and the final part of the title.
\end{anote}% end of note

    Three other commands are used for setting the running head throughout the
document. These must be placed in the preamble. \index{preamble}

    The command \verb+\standard{+\meta{number of standard}\verb+}+ is used to identify
the standard. \index{standard\@\verb|\standard|}

    The command \verb+\yearofedition{+\meta{year}\verb+}+ is used to identify the
\index{yearofedition\@\verb|\yearofedition|} year of the edition.

    The command \verb+\languageofedition{+\meta{code}\verb+}+ is used to
identify the language of the edition.

\begin{example}
This document is identified by
\begin{verbatim}
\standard{LaTeX for standards}
\yearofedition{1995}
\languageofedition{(E)}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end of example

    The \verb|\title| command sets the page numbering style to be arabic,
starts a new page, numbered 1, and puts the title
at the start of the page. If the options 
\verb|draft|,\index{draft@\verb|draft|} 
\verb|notcopyright|,\index{notcopyright@\verb|notcopyright|}
\verb|dis|\index{dis@\verb|dis|} or
\verb|otherdoc|\index{otherdoc@\verb|otherdoc|}
have not been called for, then the standard ISO header is put at the top
of the page.

\sclause{Cross referencing commands}

    The usual \LaTeX\ \verb+\label+\index{label\@\verb|\label|} and
\verb+\ref+\index{ref\@\verb|\ref|} commands are supported. The class also
provides some formatted referencing commands in addition to \verb+\ref+.

    The following commands are useful for referring to figures, clauses etc.
Each takes a parameter that is the parameter of a \LaTeX\ \verb|\label{}|
command.

\begin{itemize}
\item The command \verb|\aref{biblio}| prints \aref{biblio} 
          \index{aref\@\verb|\aref|} while \verb|\ref{biblio}|
      prints \ref{biblio}
\item The command \verb|\bref{lamport}| prints \bref{lamport}
           \index{bref\@\verb|\bref|} while \verb|\ref{lamport}|
      prints \ref{lamport}
\item The command \verb|\cref{sec:nrefs}| prints \cref{sec:nrefs}
          \index{cref\@\verb|\cref|} while \verb|\ref{sec:nrefs}|
      prints \ref{sec:nrefs}
\item The command \verb|\eref{sec:nrefs}| prints \eref{sec:nrefs}
          \index{eref\@\verb|\eref|} while \verb|\ref{sec:nrefs}|
      prints \ref{sec:nrefs}
\item The command \verb|\fref{sec:nrefs}| prints \fref{sec:nrefs}
          \index{fref\@\verb|\fref|} while \verb|\ref{sec:nrefs}|
      prints \ref{sec:nrefs}
\item The command \verb|\tref{sec:nrefs}| prints \tref{sec:nrefs}
          \index{tref\@\verb|\tref|} while \verb|\ref{sec:nrefs}|
      prints \ref{sec:nrefs}
\end{itemize}




\sclause{Heading commands}

\ssclause{Foreword} \index{foreword@\verb|foreword|}

    The \verb|foreword| environment specifies
that a table of contents, list of
figures and list of tables be produced, and starts a new unnumbered
clause called Foreword.
Formatting is one column style only and roman page numbering is set. The 
table of contents starts on page ii.

    More precisely, the title of the clause is given by the value of
      \verb|\forewordname| (see \aref{anx:extraiso}).
      \index{forewordname\@\verb|\forewordname|}

\begin{anote}
The default style only lists level 1 clauses in the table of contents. If you
need a more detailed listing, then put the command 
\verb|\setcounter{tocdepth}{<level #>}|
\index{tocdepth\@\verb|\tocdepth|} in the preamble. \index{preamble}
For example \verb|\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}| will produce a contents
listing down to the level of \verb|\ssclause| (see \tref{tab:sec} for
the definitions of clause levels).
\end{anote} %end note

    The command \verb+\fwdbp+\index{fwdbp\@\verb|\fwdbp|} prints the 
ISO specified boilerplate for
the initial paragraphs of a foreword.

\ssclause{Introduction} \index{introduction@\verb|introduction|}

    The \verb|introduction| environment starts a new unnumbered clause 
called `Introduction' with one column formatting.

    More precisely, the title of the clause is given by the value of
       \verb|\introductionname| (see \aref{anx:extraiso}).
       \index{introductionname\@\verb|\introductionname|}


\ssclause{Scope} \index{scopeclause\@\verb|\scopeclause|}

    The \verb|\scopeclause| command starts a new numbered clause called `Scope'.

More precisely, the title of the clause is given by the value of
       \verb|\scopename| (see \aref{anx:extraiso}).
       \index{scopename\@\verb|\scopename|}

\ssclause{Normative references clause}

    The \verb|\normrefsclause|\index{normrefsclause\@\verb|\normrefsclause|}
command starts a new numbered clause called `Normative references'.

More precisely, the title of the clause is given by the value of
       \verb|\normrefsname| (see \aref{anx:extraiso}).
       \index{normrefsname\@\verb|\normrefsname|}

    The command \verb+\normrefbp{+\meta{document identifier}\verb+}+ 
prints the
ISO required text for the introduction to the listing of normative
references. The \meta{document identifier} parameter must be such
that it reads sensibly in a sentence of the form `\ldots constitute
provisions of this \meta{document identifier}.'.

\begin{example}Clause~\ref{sec:nrefs} in this document was started by the
commands:
\begin{verbatim}
\normrefsclause \label{sec:nrefs}

\normrefbp{manual}
\begin{nreferences}
...
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example

\ssclause{Definitions, symbols and abbreviations}

    A variety of commands are provided that initiate new numbered
clauses for definitions, symbols and abbreviations. Depending on the
amount of material in these respective categories, one or more clauses
may be used. The commands and clause titles are listed in \tref{tab:dsa}.
\index{defclause\@\verb|\defclause|} \index{defname\@\verb|\defname|}
\index{defsymabbclause\@\verb|\defsymabbclause|} \index{defsymabbname\@\verb|\defsymabbname|}
\index{defsymclause\@\verb|\defsymclause|} \index{defsymname\@\verb|\defsymname|}
\index{defabbclause\@\verb|\defabbclause|} \index{defabbname\@\verb|\defabbname|}
\index{symabbclause\@\verb|\symabbclause|} \index{symabbname\@\verb|\symabbname|}

\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{Definition, symbol and abbreviation clause commands}
\label{tab:dsa}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|} \hline
{\bf Command} & {\bf Title} & {\bf Default text} \\ \hline
\verb|\defclause| & \verb|\defname| & Definitions \\
\verb|\defsymabbclause| & \verb|\defsymabbname| & Definitions, symbols and abbreviations \\
\verb|\defsymclause| & \verb|\defsymname| & Definitions and symbols \\
\verb|\defabbclause| & \verb|\defabbname| & Definitions and abbreviations \\
\verb|\symabbclause| & \verb|\symabbname| & Symbols and abbreviations \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\ssclause{Bibliography}

    The command \verb|\bibannex|\index{bibannex\@\verb|\bibannex|}
 starts an informative annex entitled `Bibliography'. Or, more precisely, 
by the value of the \verb|\bibname|\index{bibname\@\verb|\bibname|}
command.

\sclause{Version control commands}

    A set of commands are provided to assist when revising a document.
For these commands to flag the changes in the printed document the command
\verb|\changemarkstrue| \index{changemarkstrue\@\verb|\changemarkstrue|}
must be put in the preamble. \index{preamble}

    In the commands described below, the \meta{number} parameter can be used 
to correlate changes in a document
to some external (numbered) requirement for the change.

\ssclause{Editorial} \index{editorial\@\verb|\editorial|}

    The command \verb+\editorial{+\meta{number}\verb+}+ 
flags an editorial change to the
document text with ED$^{number}$.

\begin{example}

   Just to start things off, this is an original sentence, which should
take up about a line.
This example sentence contains an editorial \editorial{37}
change. The command \verb|\editorial{37}| was included in the previous
sentence.
This sentence, though, has no changes marked in it and may be
assumed to be unaltered from a prior version.
\end{example} % end example

\ssclause{Added} \index{added\@\verb|\added|}

    The command \verb+\added{+\meta{text}\verb+}{+\meta{number}\verb+}+ 
flags the
position of the additional \meta{text} and highlights it.

\begin{example}

   Just to start things off, this is an original sentence, which should
take up about a line.
This example sentence contains \added{some added text}{27} in
the middle of it. The command \verb|\added{some added text}{27}| was
included in the previous sentence.
This sentence, though, has no changes marked in it and may be
assumed to be unaltered from a prior version.
\end{example} % end example

\ssclause{Deleted} \index{deleted\@\verb|\deleted|}

    The command \verb+\deleted{+\meta{number}\verb+}+ 
flags the position of deleted text.

\begin{example}

   Just to start things off, this is an original sentence, which should
take up about a line.
Some text was deleted \deleted{34} from the middle of this sentence.
The command \verb|\deleted{34}| was included in the previous sentence.
This sentence, though, has no changes marked in it and may be
assumed to be unaltered from a prior version.
\end{example} % end example

\ssclause{Moved}  \index{moved\@\verb|\moved|}

    The command \verb+\moved{+\meta{text}\verb+}{+\meta{number}\verb+}+ 
flags the position of
moved \meta{text} and highlights it.

\begin{example}

   Just to start things off, this is an original sentence, which should
take up about a line.
This sentence contains \moved{some moved}{81} text in the middle of it.
The command \verb|\moved{some moved}{81}| was included in the previous
sentence.
This sentence, though, has no changes marked in it and may be
assumed to be unaltered from a prior version.
\end{example} % end example


\clause{The isorot facility}

   The \file{isorot} facility enables the rotation of document elements on
a page. It uses the \LaTeX\ \verb|\special| command to perform its
effects,\index{special\@\verb|\special|} and thus can only be used
with a limited number of dvi to postscript programs. The facilities
available are summarized in \tref{tab4}.

    \file{isorot} is a modification of the \file{rotation.sty} file
created by Rahtz and Barroca~\bref{rahtz}. Further examples of the usage
of their style are given in Goosens {\em et al}~\bref{goosens}.

\begin{note}Several examples of the effects of the commands described herein
are shown. In many cases the results are not pretty. This should act as
a warning that dealing with rotational elements requires more care than
for the usual document elements.\end{note} %end note

\begin{sidewaystable}
\centering
\caption{The rotation facilities} \label{tab4}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|} \hline
{\bf Facility} & {\bf Effect} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{{\bf Commands}} \\ \hline
\verb|\rotdriver{<driver>}| & 
declare the name of the dvi to Postscript translator (default {\tt dvips}) \\
\verb|\clockwise| & 
sets rotation direction clockwise for positive angles (the default) \\
\verb|\counterclockwise| &
sets rotation direction counterclockwise for positive angles \\
\verb|\figuresright| &
sets rotation direction for sideways floats counterclockwise (the default) \\
\verb|\figuresleft| &
sets rotation direction for sideways floats clockwise \\
\verb|\rotcaption| &
like the \verb|caption| command, but rotates the caption through 90 degrees \\
\verb|\controtcaption| &
like the \verb|contcaption| command, but rotates the caption through 90 degrees \\ \hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{{\bf Environments}} \\ \hline
\verb|sideways| &
rotates the contents through 90 degrees counterclockwise \\
\verb|turn| &
rotates the contents through the given angle \\
\verb|rotate| &
rotates the contents through the given angle, but no space allowed for the result\\
\verb|sidewaystable| &
like the \verb|table| environment, but rotated 90 degrees \\
\verb|sidewaysfigure| &
like the \verb|figure| environment, but rotated 90 degrees \\
\verb|landscape| &
prints all enclosed pages in landscape mode \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{sidewaystable}

\sclause{DVI drivers}

    The \file{isorot} facility supports only a limited number of
dvi to postscript translators. The default translator is {\em dvips}.
 The following command must be put in
the preamble of the document if {\em dvips} is not being used: 
\verb|\rotdriver{<drivername>}|,\index{rotdriver\@\verb|\rotdriver|} where
\verb|<drivername>| is one of the following:\footnote{I have been able to 
try the {\tt dvips} driver
but not the others. If anyone is able to try the other drivers, or to
extend the range of drivers, I would like to be given the results.} %end footnote

\begin{enumerate}
\item \verb|dvips| for the {\em dvips} 
      translator;\index{dvips@\verb|dvips|}\index{dvips\@dvips}
\item \verb|dvipsone| for the {\em dvipsone} 
      translator;\index{dvipsone@\verb|dvipsone|}\index{dvipsone\@dvipsone}
\item \verb|dvitops| for the {\em dvitops} 
      translator;\index{dvitops@\verb|dvitops|}\index{dvitops\@dvitops}
\item \verb|pctexps| for the {\em pctexps} 
      translator;\index{pctexps@\verb|pctexps|}\index{pctexps\@pctexps}
\item \verb|pubps| for the Ann Arbor {\em pubps} 
      translator.\index{pubps@\verb|pubps|}\index{pubps\@pubps}
\item \verb|textures| for the {\em Textures} 
      translator;\index{textures@\verb|textures|}\index{textures\@textures}
\end{enumerate}


\sclause{Rotational directions}

    \file{isorot} enables the textual and other elements of a document
to be rotated from their normal horizontal layout. In some cases elements
can be rotated through arbitrary angles, whereas in others only 90 degree
rotation is possible. 

    By default, a rotation through a positive number of
degrees corresponds to a clockwise rotation. The command 
\verb|\counterclockwise|\index{counterclockwise\@\verb|counterclockwise|} 
sets the following rotations to be counterclockwise for positive angles.
The command \verb|\clockwise|\index{clockwise\@\verb|\clockwise|}
sets the following rotations to be clockwise for positive angles.
These commands can be used to toggle the rotational behavior.
    

    Rotated floating environments are normally rotated so that they are
printed with a counterclockwise rotation (i.e. the original bottom of the float
is placed at the right hand side of the paper), 
which is what is normally required.
This behavior can be altered by the command
\verb|\figuresleft|,\index{figuresleft\@\verb|\figuresleft|}
which will give the reverse effect. The command
\verb|\figuresright|\index{figuresright\@\verb|\figuresright|}
will set the behavior to the default.
These commands can be used to toggle the rotational behavior of
floats.


\sclause{Rotation of text}

    The \verb|sideways|\index{sideways@\verb|sideways|} 
environment rotates the contents of the environment
by 90 degrees counterclockwise, and leaves space for the result.

    The \verb|turn|\index{turn@\verb|turn|}
environment rotates the contents by the given number
of degrees in the direction specified by the most recent of the
\verb|\clockwise|\index{clockwise\@\verb|\clockwise|} or
\verb|\counterclockwise|\index{counterclockwise\@\verb|\counterclockwise|} 
commands, leaving space for the result.

    The \verb|rotate|\index{rotate@\verb|rotate|}
environment rotates the contents by the given number
of degrees in the direction specified by the most recent of the
\verb|\clockwise|\index{clockwise\@\verb|\clockwise|} or
\verb|\counterclockwise|\index{counterclockwise\@\verb|\counterclockwise|} 
commands, but no arrangements are made for leaving space for the result.

\begin{examples}
\begin{example}Some simple rotations: \label{ex:1}

This code
\begin{verbatim}
Default rotation direction: \\
A 
\begin{sideways}%
B C
\end{sideways}
D E F G H I J K L M
\begin{turn}{-90}%
Minus 90 turn
\end{turn}
N O P
\begin{rotate}{90}%
Plus 90 rotate
\end{rotate}
Q \\
and continue on with another line after rotations.
\end{verbatim}
produces the following (note how space is allowed for the \verb|turn|ed 
text, whereas the \verb|rotate|d text runs into the text below).

Default rotation direction: \\
A 
\begin{sideways}%
B C
\end{sideways}
D E F G H I J K L M
\begin{turn}{-90}%
Minus 90 turn
\end{turn}
N O P
\begin{rotate}{90}%
Plus 90 rotate
\end{rotate}
Q \\
and continue on with another line after rotations.
\end{example} % end example

\begin{example}This example shows the effect of using the 
\verb|\counterclockwise|\index{counterclockwise\@\verb|\counterclockwise|}
command.

This code
\begin{verbatim}
Flip rotation direction: \\
\counterclockwise
A 
\begin{sideways}%
B C
\end{sideways}
D E F G H I J K L M
\begin{turn}{-90}%
Minus 90 turn
\end{turn}
N O P
\begin{rotate}{90}%
Plus 90 rotate
\end{rotate}
Q \\
Set rotation direction back to default value.
\clockwise
\end{verbatim}

produces the following, which should be compared with example~\ref{ex:1}.

Flip rotation direction: \\
\counterclockwise
A 
\begin{sideways}%
B C
\end{sideways}
D E F G H I J K L M
\begin{turn}{-90}%
Minus 90 turn
\end{turn}
N O P
\begin{rotate}{90}%
Plus 90 rotate
\end{rotate}
Q \\
Set rotation direction back to default value.
\clockwise
\end{example} % end example


\end{examples}

    Although the examples so far have only shown the rotation of text, boxes
can also be rotated.

\begin{example}Rotating a box.

This code
\begin{verbatim}
\newsavebox{\foo}
\newlength{\fool}
\settowidth{\fool}{Hurrah for ISO.}
\savebox{\foo}{\parbox{\fool}{Hurrah for ISO. Hurrah for ISO.
                              Hurrah for ISO. Hurrah for ISO.}}
Start
\usebox{\foo}
\&
\begin{turn}{-45}\usebox{\foo}\end{turn}
\&
\begin{turn}{45}\usebox{\foo}\end{turn}
End
\end{verbatim}
produces:

\newsavebox{\foo}
\newlength{\fool}
\settowidth{\fool}{Hurrah for ISO.}
\savebox{\foo}{\parbox{\fool}{Hurrah for ISO. Hurrah for ISO.
                              Hurrah for ISO. Hurrah for ISO.}}
Start
\usebox{\foo}
\&
\begin{turn}{-45}\usebox{\foo}\end{turn}
\&
\begin{turn}{45}\usebox{\foo}\end{turn}
End

\end{example} %end example

    Elements can be rotated through arbitrary angles, and also rotated
elements can be nested inside other rotated elements.

\begin{examples}
\begin{example}Repeated rotation:

    The following example code shows that text can be rotated through any angle.
The result is shown in \fref{fig:wheel}.
\begin{verbatim}
\newcount\prwc
\newsavebox{\prwtext}
\newdimen\prwspace
\def\wheel#1#2{%
  \savebox{\prwtext}{#1\begin{sideways}#2\end{sideways}}%
  \prwspace\wd\prwtext%
  \advance\prwspace by 1cm%
  \centerline{%
  \rule{0pt}{\prwspace}%
  \rule[-\prwspace]{0pt}{\prwspace}%
  \prwc=-180\loop\ifnum\prwc<180
  \rlap{\begin{rotate}{\the\prwc}%
  \rule{1cm}{0pt}\usebox{\prwtext}\end{rotate}}%
  \advance\prwc by 20\repeat}}
\begin{figure}
\wheel{Express yourself ---}{Hooray for STEP!}
\caption{Example rotation through multiple angles}
\label{fig:wheel}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}

\newcount\prwc
\newsavebox{\prwtext}
\newdimen\prwspace
\def\wheel#1#2{%
  \savebox{\prwtext}{#1\begin{sideways}#2\end{sideways}}%
  \prwspace\wd\prwtext%
  \advance\prwspace by 1cm%
  \centerline{%
  \rule{0pt}{\prwspace}%
  \rule[-\prwspace]{0pt}{\prwspace}%
  \prwc=-180\loop\ifnum\prwc<180
  \rlap{\begin{rotate}{\the\prwc}%
  \rule{1cm}{0pt}\usebox{\prwtext}\end{rotate}}%
  \advance\prwc by 20\repeat}}
\begin{figure}
\vspace*{1cm}
\wheel{Express yourself ---}{Hooray for STEP!}
\vspace*{1cm}
\caption{Example rotation through multiple angles}
\label{fig:wheel}
\end{figure}

    Figures~\ref{fig:angles1} and~\ref{fig:angles2} also show rotations through a
range of angles, both positive and negative.
\end{example} %end example

\begin{example}Nested rotations. \label{ex:sidetabular}

This code
\begin{verbatim}
    Here is some text before a \verb|sideways| environment. 
And some more, and more and more garble gobble cluck
click clack clock cluck and so on and on and on.
\begin{center}
\begin{sideways}
\rule{1in}{0pt}
\begin{tabular}{|lr|}
\begin{rotate}{-45}{\em Word}\end{rotate} & \begin{rotate}{-90}%
Occurrences\end{rotate}
\\
\hline
hello & 33 \\
goodbye & 34 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{sideways}
\end{center}
    Here is some text after a \verb|sideways| environment.
 And some more, and more and more garble gobble cluck
click clack clock cluck and so on and on and on.
\end{verbatim}
produces:

    Here is some text before a \verb|sideways| environment. 
And some more, and more and more garble gobble cluck
click clack clock cluck and so on and on and on.
\begin{center}
\begin{sideways}
%\rule{1in}{0pt}
\begin{tabular}{|lr|}
\begin{rotate}{-45}{\em Word}\end{rotate} & \begin{rotate}{-90}%
Occurrences\end{rotate} \\ \hline
hello & 33 \\
goodbye & 34 \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{sideways}
\end{center}
    Here is some text after a \verb|sideways| environment.
 And some more, and more and more garble gobble cluck
click clack clock cluck and so on and on and on.
\end{example} %end example

\end{examples}

\sclause{Rotations of tables and figures}

    The previous examples have demonstrated the rotation of textual elements.
For instance, example~\ref{ex:sidetabular} shows that tabular material can be rotated using
the \verb|sideways|\index{sideways@\verb|sideways|}
environment. (Actually, any of the previously
mentioned environments may be used.)
Two further environments are provided which rotate a \LaTeX\ float through
90 degrees. These are:
\begin{itemize}
\item \verb|sidewaystable|\index{sidewaystable@\verb|sidewaystable|}, which
  corresponds to the standard \LaTeX\ \verb|table|\index{table@\verb|table|}
  environment; and
\item \verb|sidewaysfigure|\index{sidewaysfigure@\verb|sidewaysfigure|}, which
  corresponds to the standard \LaTeX\ \verb|figure|\index{figure@\verb|figure|}
  environment.
\end{itemize}
However, the correspondence with the standard environments is not strictly
complete as a sideways float is alway placed on a page by itself.

    The direction of rotation may be controlled by the 
\verb|\figuresright|\index{figuresright\@\verb|figuresright|} and
\verb|\figuresleft|\index{figuresleft\@\verb|figuresleft|} commands.

\begin{example}Code for table~\ref{tab4}. \label{ex:4}

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{sidewaystable}
\centering
\caption{The rotation facilities} \label{tab4}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|} \hline
{\bf Facility} & {\bf Effect} \\ \hline
\multicolumn{2}{|c|}{{\bf Commands}} \\ \hline
\verb|\rotdriver{<driver>}| & 
declare the name of the dvi to Postscript translator (default {\tt dvips}) \\
......
\verb|sidewaysfigure| &
like the \verb|figure| environment, but rotated 90 degrees \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{sidewaystable}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example



\sclause{Rotation of float captions and bodies}

    Sometimes it may be useful to rotate a caption independently of the
rotation of a figure or table. The command 
\verb|\rotcaption|\index{rotcaption\@\verb|\rotcaption|} is analogous
to the normal \verb|\caption| command, and inserts the caption rotated
by 90~degrees. There is also the companion command 
\verb|\controtcaption|\index{controtcaption\@\verb|\controtcaption|}
for continuation captions.

%\newsavebox{\picbox}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\caption{Example figure with a standard caption.} \label{fig:nocrot}
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.2in}
\footnotesize
\begin{picture}(17,2)
\thicklines
\put(0,0){\begin{picture}(4,1)
  \put(1.5,0.5){\oval(3,1)}
  \put(1.5,0.5){\makebox(0,0){2,5 (1)}}
  \put(3,0.5){\line(1,0){1.0}}
  \put(4.25,0.5){\circle{0.5}}
  \end{picture}}

\put(4.5,0){\begin{picture}(8,1)
  \put(0,0){\dashbox{0.25}(4,1){date}}
  \put(4,0.5){\line(1,0){3.5}}
  \put(7.75,0.5){\circle{0.5}}
  \put(6,1){\makebox(0,0){A[1:3]}}
  \end{picture}}

\put(12.5,0){\begin{picture}(4,1)
  \put(0,0){\framebox(4,1){INTEGER}}
  \put(3.75,0){\line(0,1){1}}
  \end{picture}}
\end{picture}
\normalsize
\setlength{\unitlength}{1pt}
\end{figure}

\begin{examples}
\begin{example}Float with a regular caption.

Figure~\ref{fig:nocrot} is produced by the code below.
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\caption{Example figure with a standard caption.} \label{fig:nocrot}
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.2in}
\footnotesize
\begin{picture}(17,2)
\thicklines
\put(0,0){\begin{picture}(4,1)
  \put(1.5,0.5){\oval(3,1)}
  \put(1.5,0.5){\makebox(0,0){2,5 (1)}}
  \put(3,0.5){\line(1,0){1.0}}
  \put(4.25,0.5){\circle{0.5}}
  \end{picture}}
\put(4.5,0){\begin{picture}(8,1)
  \put(0,0){\dashbox{0.25}(4,1){date}}
  \put(4,0.5){\line(1,0){3.5}}
  \put(7.75,0.5){\circle{0.5}}
  \put(6,1){\makebox(0,0){A[1:3]}}
  \end{picture}}
\put(12.5,0){\begin{picture}(4,1)
  \put(0,0){\framebox(4,1){INTEGER}}
  \put(3.75,0){\line(0,1){1}}
  \end{picture}}
\end{picture}
\normalsize
\setlength{\unitlength}{1pt}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example

\begin{example}Float with a rotated caption.

Figure~\ref{fig:crot} is produced by the code below.
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\rotcaption{Figure~\protect\ref{fig:nocrot} with a rotated caption.}
 \label{fig:crot}
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.2in}
\footnotesize
\begin{picture}(17,2)
...
\end{picture}
\normalsize
\setlength{\unitlength}{1pt}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example
\end{examples}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\rotcaption{Figure~\protect\ref{fig:nocrot} with a rotated caption.}
 \label{fig:crot}
\setlength{\unitlength}{0.2in}
\footnotesize
\begin{picture}(17,2)
\thicklines
\put(0,0){\begin{picture}(4,1)
  \put(1.5,0.5){\oval(3,1)}
  \put(1.5,0.5){\makebox(0,0){2,5 (1)}}
  \put(3,0.5){\line(1,0){1.0}}
  \put(4.25,0.5){\circle{0.5}}
  \end{picture}}
\put(4.5,0){\begin{picture}(8,1)
  \put(0,0){\dashbox{0.25}(4,1){date}}
  \put(4,0.5){\line(1,0){3.5}}
  \put(7.75,0.5){\circle{0.5}}
  \put(6,1){\makebox(0,0){A[1:3]}}
  \end{picture}}
\put(12.5,0){\begin{picture}(4,1)
  \put(0,0){\framebox(4,1){INTEGER}}
  \put(3.75,0){\line(0,1){1}}
  \end{picture}}
\end{picture}
\normalsize
\setlength{\unitlength}{1pt}
\end{figure}

    As can be seen from \fref{fig:crot} the advisability of rotating a caption
depends on the size of the body of the float. It may be better in certain
cases to leave the caption in its regular position and rotate the body of
the float instead.

\def\prwrot#1{%
\settowidth{\fool}{ISOROT}
\savebox{\foo}{\parbox{\fool}{ISOROT ISOROT ISOROT ISOROT}}%
\framebox{---\begin{turn}{#1}\framebox{\usebox{\foo}}\end{turn}---}}%
\def\degrees{{\small$^{o}$}}

\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} \hline
\prwrot{0} &\prwrot{-40}&\prwrot{-80}\\
0\degrees & -40\degrees & -80\degrees \\ \hline
\prwrot{-120}&\prwrot{-160}&\prwrot{-200}\\
-120\degrees & -160\degrees & -200\degrees \\ \hline
\prwrot{-240}&\prwrot{-280}&\prwrot{-320}\\
-240\degrees & -280\degrees & -320\degrees \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Rotation of paragraphs between 0 and -320 degrees} \label{fig:angles1}
\end{figure}


\begin{example}Regular caption and float.

Figure~\ref{fig:angles1} is a regular figure and caption. It is produced by
the following code.
\begin{verbatim}
\def\prwrot#1{%
\settowidth{\fool}{ISOROT}
\savebox{\foo}{\parbox{\fool}{ISOROT ISOROT ISOROT ISOROT}}%
\framebox{---\begin{turn}{#1}\framebox{\usebox{\foo}}\end{turn}---}}%
\def\degrees{{\small$^{o}$}}
\end{verbatim}

\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} \hline
\prwrot{0} &\prwrot{-40}&\prwrot{-80}\\
0\degrees & -40\degrees & -80\degrees \\ \hline
\prwrot{-120}&\prwrot{-160}&\prwrot{-200}\\
-120\degrees & -160\degrees & -200\degrees \\ \hline
\prwrot{-240}&\prwrot{-280}&\prwrot{-320}\\
-240\degrees & -280\degrees & -320\degrees \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\caption{Rotation of paragraphs between 0 and -320 degrees} \label{fig:angles1}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example


\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{sideways}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} \hline
\prwrot{0} &\prwrot{40}&\prwrot{80}\\
0\degrees & 40\degrees & 80\degrees \\ \hline
\prwrot{120}&\prwrot{160}&\prwrot{200}\\
120\degrees & 160\degrees & 200\degrees \\ \hline
\prwrot{240}&\prwrot{280}&\prwrot{320}\\
240\degrees & 280\degrees & 320\degrees \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{sideways}
\caption[Rotation of paragraphs between 0 and 320 degrees]%
        {Rotation of paragraphs between 0 and 320 degrees (with figure
         body turned sideways)}\label{fig:angles2}
\end{figure}

\begin{example}Regular caption and rotated float body.

Figure~\ref{fig:angles2} is a regular figure and caption where the figure
contents have been rotated. It was produced by the following code.
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\begin{sideways}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} \hline
\prwrot{0} &\prwrot{40}&\prwrot{80}\\
0\degrees & 40\degrees & 80\degrees \\ \hline
\prwrot{120}&\prwrot{160}&\prwrot{200}\\
120\degrees & 160\degrees & 200\degrees \\ \hline
\prwrot{240}&\prwrot{280}&\prwrot{320}\\
240\degrees & 280\degrees & 320\degrees \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{sideways}
\caption[Rotation of paragraphs between 0 and 320 degrees]%
        {Rotation of paragraphs between 0 and 320 degrees (with figure
         body turned sideways)}\label{fig:angles2}
\end{figure}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example

\begin{landscape}
\sclause{Landscaping}

    \LaTeX\ normally prints in portrait mode. 
The \verb|landscape|\index{landscape@\verb|landscape|} environment
prints all the enclosed stuff in landscape mode, except for headers
and footers which are not rotated.

\begin{example} Landscaping

The source for this part of the document is:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{landscape}
\sclause{Landscaping}

    \LaTeX\ normally prints in portrait mode. The ...
...
... long, wide tables.
\end{landscape}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example}

    The environment starts by clearing the current page and then switches
to portrait mode. At the end of the environment the current page is cleared
and the next page is back to normal portrait mode. 

    All the other rotation commands and environments produce boxes and
\LaTeX\ will not break a box across a page. The \verb|landscape| environemt
does not produce a box and so many pages can be printed in landscape mode
with \LaTeX\ taking care of the page breaking for you. 

    Landscape mode is not particularly useful for normal text as the
lines are far too long for comfortable reading. Where it can be useful
is where you have a table that is too wide to fit on a portrait page, so
needs to be rotated, yet is also too long to fit on the page when it is
rotated. The \verb|supertabular|\index{supertabular@\verb|supertabular|},
the \verb|longtable|\index{longtable@\verb|longtable|},
and the \verb|xtab|\index{xtab@\verb|xtab|}
packages provide facilities for automatically breaking long tables across 
pages. Any of these can be used in conjunction with landscaping to both 
rotate and automatically page break long, wide tables.
\end{landscape}

\clause{The xtab facility} \index{file!sty@.sty!xtab}\index{xtab.sty}

    The \file{xtab} facility is an extension of the \verb|supertabular|
package.\index{supertabular@\verb|supertabular|} 
The extension provides for the specification of a header to
go on the last page of a long table.

    The commands available are given in \tref{tab:xtab}.
\index{topcaption\@\verb|\topcaption|}
\index{bottomcaption\@\verb|\bottomcaption|}
\index{tablecaption\@\verb|\tablecaption|}
\index{tablefirsthead\@\verb|\tablefirsthead|}
\index{tablehead\@\verb|\tablehead|}
\index{tablelasthead\@\verb|\tablelasthead|}
\index{notablelasthead\@\verb|\notablelasthead|}
\index{tabletail\@\verb|\tabletail|}
\index{tablelasttail\@\verb|\tablelasttail|}

\topcaption{The xtab facility commands} \label{tab:xtab}
\tablefirsthead{\hline \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{{\bf Command}} &
                       \multicolumn{1}{c|}{{\bf Effect}} \\ \hline }
\tablehead{\multicolumn{2}{c}%
           {{\bf \tablename\ \thetable{} -- continued from previous page}} \\
           \hline \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{{\bf Command}} &
                  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{{\bf Effect}} \\ \hline }
\tablelasthead{\multicolumn{2}{c}%
           {{\bf \tablename\ \thetable{} -- concluded from previous page}} \\ 
           \hline \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{{\bf Command}} &
                  \multicolumn{1}{c|}{{\bf Effect}} \\ \hline }
\tabletail{\hline \multicolumn{2}{|r|}{{Continued on next page}} \\ \hline}
\tablelasttail{\hline \hline}

\begin{center}
\begin{supertabular}{|l|p{0.5\textwidth}|}
\verb|\begin{supertabular}{...}| & This is equivalent to the normal
                         \verb|\begin{tabular}{...}| environment.
                         You supply the specification of the columns
                         just as for the normal tabular environment.
                         All commands that can be used within a tabular
                         environment can also be used within
                         the supertabular environment.
 \\
 &
    Unlike the tabular environment which prevents page breaking
within the tabular, the supertabular allows page breaking, so that
tabulars can extend automatically across several pages. Supertabular
starts off with a tabular environment and checks the amount of
space left on the page as it adds each row to the tabular.
If the space left on the page is too short for another row, then
it ends the current tabular, performs a page break and starts
another tabular on the following page. This process is repeated
until all the rows have been output. 
 \\
 &
    There are special commands for captioning a supertabular as a
table, and also stuff can be automatically inserted after each
(internal) \verb|\begin{tabular}| and immediately before each
\verb|\end{tabular}|.
 \\
 &
    Do not put a supertabular in a table environment, as the table
environment keeps its contents on a single page (presumably you
are using supertabular because its contents are longer than
one page.
 \\
\verb|\end{supertabular}| & End the supertabular environment. \\ \hline
                          & {\bf Note:} If any of the following commands
                            are used, then they should be placed
                            before the particular supertabular
                            environment that they apply to. \\
\verb|\topcaption{...}| & A command to provide a caption for the
                          table. The caption is placed at the top
                          of the table. \\
\verb|\bottomcaption{...}| & A command to provide a caption for the
                          table. The caption is placed at the bottom
                          of the table. \\
\verb|\tablecaption{...}| & A command to provide a caption for the
                          table. The caption is placed at the default
                          position, which is at the top
                          of the table.
 \\
 & 
                           {\bf Notes:} You cannot use the \verb|caption|
                            command but you can put a label after
                            any of these captioning commands. If you
                            want captioning, the command must be specified
                            before the start of the supertabular environment.
  \\
  &
                            The \verb|\...caption{}| command(s) remain
                            in effect until changed by another
                            \verb|\...caption| command.
   \\
\verb|\tablefirsthead{...}| & Defines the contents of the first occurence
                         of the tabular head. The tabular head is some
                         special treatment of the first row in the table.
                         This command is optional.
                         If used, the header must be closed by the
                         end of line command for tabulars (e.g., \verb|\\|). \\
\verb|\tablehead{...}| & Defines the contents of the table head on
                         subsequent pages.
 \\
 &
                         For example, you might want to note that
                         this is a continuation of the table on
                         the previous page, as well as repeating
                         any column headings that were given
                         at the start of the supertabular by
                         \verb|\tablefirsthead|.
 \\
\verb|\tablelasthead{...}| & Defines the contents of the table head
                            on the last page of the table.
 \\
 &
    This works by writing to the \file{.aux} file the number of
pages that the supertabular extends over. When the supertabular
comes to the last tabular (which it calculates from the 
information it reads from the \file{.aux} file) it replaces the
contents of \verb|\tablehead| by the contents of \verb|\tablelasthead|.
 \\
 &
It makes no attempt to measure the amount of space used by the last
table head, so if this is more than for \verb|tablehead| then the
tabular might be a litle too long.
  \\
  &
    In any case, when using this command, the document has to
be LaTeXed at least twice, just as it has to be to resolve
references and so on.
 \\
\verb|\notablelasthead|  & Switches off the last \verb|\tablelasthead|.
                           A \verb|tablelasthead| stays in effect until
                           overwritten by a new \verb|\tablelasthead|
                           or cancelled by this command.
 \\
\verb|\tabletail{...}| & The contents of this command are inserted before
                         the \verb|\end{tabular}| on each page except
                         for the last page of the table.
 \\
 &
                         For example, you might want to note that the
                         table is continued on the next page. 
 \\
\verb|\tablelasttail{...}| & The contents of this command are inserted before
                         the final \verb|\end{tabular}| of the table.
 \\
 &
                         For example, you might want to note that
                         this is where the table ends.
 \\
\end{supertabular}
\end{center}

    The table is only broken between rows --- a row will not be split
across pages. This can lead to some bad page breaks, especially if 
there are rows with a large vertical height (like some in \tref{tab:xtab}).
It is best to keep rows not too tall.
As well, sometimes the first or last page of a table will only have `headers'
and `footers' with nothing between. To counteract this, either the table must
be redesigned (taller or shorter rows) or shifted a bit in the source
document so that it starts in a different place on a page.

\begin{example} Table~\ref{tab:xtab} was produced by the following code:
\begin{verbatim}
\topcaption{The xtab facility commands} \label{tab:xtab}
\tablefirsthead{\hline \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{{\bf Command}} &
                       \multicolumn{1}{c|}{{\bf Effect}} \\ \hline }
\tablehead{\multicolumn{2}{c}%
           {{\bf \tablename\ \thetable{} -- continued from previous page}} \\
  \hline   \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{{\bf Command}} &
           \multicolumn{1}{c|}{{\bf Effect}} \\ \hline }
\tablelasthead{\multicolumn{2}{c}%
           {{\bf \tablename\ \thetable{} -- concluded from previous page}} \\
  \hline   \multicolumn{1}{|c|}{{\bf Command}} &
           \multicolumn{1}{c|}{{\bf Effect}} \\ \hline }
\tabletail{\hline \multicolumn{2}{|r|}{{Continued on next page}} \\ \hline}
\tablelasttail{\hline \hline}

\begin{center}
\begin{supertabular}{|l|p{0.5\textwidth}|}
\verb|\begin{supertabular}{...}| & This is equivalent to the normal
                         \verb|\begin{tabular}{...}| environment.
                         You supply the specification of the columns
                         just as for the normal tabular environment.
                         All commands that can be used within a tabular
                         environment can also be used within
                         the supertabular environment.
 \\
 &
    Unlike the tabular environment which prevents page breaking
within the tabular, the supertabular allows page breaking, so that
tabulars can extend automatically across several pages. Supertabular
... ... ...
\verb|\tablelasttail{...}| & The contents of this command are inserted before
                         the final \verb|\end{tabular}| of the table.
 \\
 &
    For example, you might want to note that  this is where 
the table ends.
 \\
\end{supertabular}
\end{center}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example}       



\clause{The askinc facility} \index{file!sty@.sty!askinc}\index{askinc.sty}

    The \file{askinc} facility contains \LaTeX\ code to enable the interactive
input of files. This functionality is a cross between the \LaTeX\
\verb|\include|\index{include\@\verb|\include|} and 
\verb|\includeonly|\index{includeonly\@\verb|\includeonly|} commands, and the
\verb|\input|\index{input\@\verb|\input|} command.

    If using the current \LaTeX\ system, put the command 
\verb|\usepackage{askinc}| in the document preamble. Otherwise call \file{askinc}
as an option to the \verb|\documentstyle| command.

In the body of the root source document, use the command 
\verb+\infile{+\meta{file}\verb+}+\index{infile\@\verb|\infile|} 
for each \meta{file}
that comprises the document. That is, the command \verb|\infile| is similar
to the \verb|\input|\index{input\@\verb|\input|} and
\verb|\include|\index{include\@\verb|\include|} commands.

    When \LaTeX ing the root document, you will be asked to provide a 
comma-separated list of the \verb|\infile|s to be processed (similar to the
argument to the \verb|\includeonly|\index{includeonly\@\verb|\includeonly|}
command). If you want all the files to be processed, just hit the
\verb|<RETURN>| key (or its equivalent).

    Like \verb|\include|d files, a file that is \verb|\infile|d into a 
document shall not itself contain another \verb|\infile|d file.

\begin{example}The following root file has three files that are \verb|\infile|d.
\begin{verbatim}
\documentclass[...]{...}
\usepackage{askincv}
% other preamble stuff
\begin{document}
% perhaps some stuff
\infile{file1}
\infile{file2}
\infile{file3}
% perhaps more stuff
\end{document}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example



\normannex{Additional commands} \label{anx:extraiso}

\sclause{Language configuration commands}

    There is an additional set of commands in the
\file{iso}\index{iso.cls} 
facility that
are specified here. This set has been provided to enable the style to be
easily configured for a non-English language.\index{non-English languages}

    The modified commands may be put in the document preamble or, preferably,
placed in a separate \file{.sty} file and called as a package. This latter
option improves reuseability.

\ssclause{Words and phrases}

    To produce a non-English version of the \file{iso} facility, 
the relevant commands
from the following list may require re-definition.

\begin{note}In the listing, the default values are printed {\em in this
font} to distinguish them from the explanatory text.
\end{note} % end note}

\begin{itemize}
\item \verb|\annexname|\index{annexname\@\verb|\annexname|}: Header for
      an annex.
      Default value is: {\em \annexname}\index{Annex}
\item \verb|\contentsname|\index{contentsname\@\verb|\contentsname|}: Header
      for table of contents listing. 
      Default value is: {\em \contentsname}\index{Contents}
\item \verb|\copyrightname|\index{copyrightname\@\verb|\copyrightname|}:
      The copyright owner.
      Default value is: {\em \copyrightname}\index{ISO}
\item \verb|\examplename|\index{examplename\@\verb|\examplename|}:
      Identification of an example.
      Default value is: {\em \examplename}\index{EXAMPLE}
\item \verb|\examplesname|\index{examplesname\@\verb|\examplesname|}:
      Header for a list of examples.
      Default value is: {\em \examplesname}\index{EXAMPLES}
\item \verb|\figurename|\index{figurename\@\verb|\figurename|}: Start of
      the caption for a figure. 
      Default value is: {\em \figurename}\index{Figure}
\item \verb|\forewordname|\index{forewordname\@\verb|\forewordname|}:
      Title of the Foreword.
      Default value is: {\em \forewordname}\index{Foreword}
\item \verb|\indexname|\index{indexname\@\verb|\indexname|}: Header for
      the index.
      Default value is: {\em \indexname}\index{Index}
\item \verb|\informativename|\index{informativename\@\verb|\informativename|}:
      Identification of an informative annex.
      Default value is: {\em \informativename}\index{informative}
\item \verb|\inscopename|\index{inscopename\@\verb|\inscopename|}:
      Introduction to in-scope listing.
      Default value is: {\em \inscopename}
      \index{The following are within the scope of this}
\item \verb|\ISname|\index{isname0\@\verb|\ISname|}:
     `INTERNATIONAL STANDARD' as used in the header for an IS title page.
      Default value is: 
      {\em \ISname}\index{INTERNATIONAL STANDARD}
\item \verb|\introductionname|\index{introductionname\@\verb|\introductionname|}:
      Title of the Introduction.
      Default value is: 
      {\em \introductionname}\index{Introduction}
\item \verb|\listannexname|\index{listannexname\@\verb|\listannexname|}:
      Header for list of annexes listing.
      Default value is: {\em \listannexname}\index{Annexes}
\item \verb|\listfigurename|\index{listfigurename\@\verb|\listfigurename|}:
      Header for list of figures listing.
      Default value is: {\em \listfigurename}\index{Figures}
\item \verb|\listtablename|\index{listtablename\@\verb|\listtablename|}:
      Header for list of tables listing.
      Default value is: {\em \listtablename}\index{Tables}
\item \verb|\normativename|\index{normativename\@\verb|\normativename|}:
      Identification of a normative annex.
      Default value is: {\em \normativename}\index{normative}
\item \verb|\normrefsname|\index{normrefsname\@\verb|\normrefsname|}:
      Title of normative references clause.
      Default value is: 
      {\em \normrefsname}\index{Normative references}
\item \verb|\notename|\index{notename\@\verb|\notename|}:
      Identification of a note.
      Default value is: {\em \notename}\index{NOTE}
\item \verb|\notesname|\index{notesname\@\verb|\notesname|}:
      Header for a list of notes.
      Default value is: {\em \notesname}\index{NOTES}
\item \verb|\outofscopename|\index{outofscopename\@\verb|\outofscopename|}:
      Introduction to out-of-scope listing.
      Default value is: {\em \outofscopename}
      \index{The following are outside the scope of this}
\item \verb|\pagename|\index{pagename\@\verb|\pagename|}:
      The word for the page header in the table of contents.
      Default value is: {\em \pagename}\index{Page}
\item \verb|\scopename|\index{scopename\@\verb|\scopename|}:
      Title of the Scope.
      Default value is: {\em \scopename}\index{Scope}
\item \verb|\sectionname|\index{sectionname\@\verb|\sectionname|}:
      The word for a 'section'.
      Default value is: {\em \sectionname}\index{Section}
\item \verb|\tablename|\index{tablename\@\verb|\tablename|}: Start of
      the caption for a table.
      Default value is: {\em \tablename}\index{Table}
\item \verb|\tbpname|\index{tbpname\@\verb|\tbpname|}:
      Footnote text for `to be published.'.
      Default value is: 
      {\em \tbpname}\index{To be published.}
\end{itemize}

    The following commands provide the names for referenced document elements.
\begin{itemize}
\item \verb|\annexrefname|\index{annexrefname\@\verb|\annexrefname|}:
      Reference to an annex.
      Default value is: {\em \annexrefname}\index{annex}
\item \verb|\clauserefname|\index{clauserefname\@\verb|\clauserefname|}:
      Reference to a clause.
      Default value is: {\em \clauserefname}\index{clause}
\item \verb|\examplerefname|\index{examplerefname\@\verb|\examplerefname|}:
      Reference to an example.
      Default value is: {\em \examplerefname}\index{example}
\item \verb|\figurerefname|\index{figurerefname\@\verb|\figurerefname|}:
      Reference to a figure.
      Default value is: {\em \figurerefname}\index{figure}
\item \verb|\tablerefname|\index{tablerefname\@\verb|\tablerefname|}:
      Reference to a table.
      Default value is: {\em \tablerefname}\index{table}
\end{itemize}


\begin{notes}
\begin{note} The above commands, 
 may be changed via the \LaTeX\ 
\verb|\renewcommand|\index{renewcommand\@\verb|\renewcommand|}.
\end{note} % end note
\begin{note}The \LaTeX\ command \verb|\today|\index{today\@\verb|\today|}
      will probably also require modification. This is not something
      for the casual user to attempt.
\end{note} % end note
\end{notes}

\begin{example}The following is a partial list of the commands to convert to a 
         French language\index{French language} style. 
\begin{verbatim}
\renewcommand{\annexname}{Annexe}
\renewcommand{\contentsname}{Sommaire}
\renewcommand{\examplename}{EXEMPLE}
\renewcommand{\examplesname}{EXEMPLES}
\renewcommand{\forewordname}{Avant-propos}
\renewcommand{\ISname}{NORME INTERNATIONALE}
\renewcommand{\listtablename}{Tableaux}
\renewcommand{\scopename}{Domaine d'application}
\renewcommand{\tablename}{Tableau}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example

\ssclause{Boilerplate}

    Some commands print boilerplate text; again, the default text is in English.
For \file{iso} there are three such commands. The first is 
\verb|\copyrightnotice|\index{copyrightnotice\@\verb|\copyrightnotice|}
 which contains the text of the copyright notice
for an International Standard. This can be changed via the 
\verb|\renewcommand|\index{renewcommand\@\verb|\renewcommand|} command.

    The second is \verb|\normrefbp|\index{normrefbp\@\verb|\normrefbp|}
which prints the boilerplate for the introduction to the Normative
references clause. Like the \verb|\copyrightnotice| command, this can
be redefined using the \verb|\renewcommand|.

    The other is the \verb|\fwdbp|\index{fwdbp\@\verb|\fwdbp|} command which
\verb|\input|s the boilerplate text from a file called \file{isofwdbp.tex}.
\index{isofwdbp.tex} For non-English text either modify the contents of this
file or create a new file and modify the \verb|\fwdbp| command to call in
the new file.


\begin{examples}
\begin{example}This is how \verb|\normrefbp| could be written for the French language.
\label{eg:frenchnfbp}
\begin{verbatim}
\renewcommand{\normrefbp}[1]{%
    Les normes suivantes contiennent des dispositions qui, par
suite de la r\'{e}f\'{e}nce qui en est faite, constituent des
dispositions valables pour la pr\'{e}sente #1. 
Au moment de la publication, les \'{e}ditions indiqu\'{e}es 
\'{e}taient en viguer. Toute norms est sujette \`{a} r\'{e}vision et
les parties prenantes des accords fond\'{e}s sur la pr\'{e}sente #1 
sont invit\'{e}es \`{a} rechercher la possibilit\'{e} d'appliquer
les \'{e}ditions les plus r\'{e}centes des normes indiqu\'{e}es
ci-apr\`{e}s. Les membres de la CEI et de l'ISO poss\`{e}dent
le registre des Normes Internationales en vigueur \`{a} un
moment donn\'{e}.
}% end renewcommand
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example
\begin{example}Given that \verb|\normrefbp| has been redefined as in \eref{eg:frenchnfbp},
then the command \\
 \verb|\normrefbp{norme internationale}| will print:

\newcommand{\tempbp}[1]{%
    Les normes suivantes contiennent des dispositions qui, par
suite de la r\'{e}f\'{e}nce qui en est faite, constituent des
dispositions valables pour la pr\'{e}sente #1. 
Au moment de la publication, les \'{e}ditions indiqu\'{e}es 
\'{e}taient en viguer. Toute norms est sujette \`{a} r\'{e}vision et
les parties prenantes des accords fond\'{e}s sur la pr\'{e}sente #1 
sont invit\'{e}es \`{a} rechercher la possibilit\'{e} d'appliquer
les \'{e}ditions les plus r\'{e}centes des normes indiqu\'{e}es
ci-apr\`{e}s. Les membres de la CEI et de l'ISO poss\`{e}dent
le registre des Normes Internationales en vigueur \`{a} un
moment donn\'{e}.
}% end newcommand

\tempbp{norme internationale}
\end{example} % end example

\end{examples}




\normannex{Ordering of LaTeX commands} \label{anx:lord}

    The \LaTeX\ commands to produce an ISO standard document are:
\begin{verbatim}
%             either    
\documentclass[<options>]{iso}            % for LaTeX 2e
\usepackage{<name>}                       % additional packages (LaTeX 2e)
%              or
\documenstyle[<options>]{iso}             % for LaTeX v2.09

\standard{<standard number>}
\yearofedition{<year>}
\languageofedition{<code>}
  % other preamble commands
\begin{document}
\foreword                            % start Foreword
  \fwdbp                             % boilerplate
  % other text
\introduction                        % start Introduction
  % text
\title{<intro>}{<main>}{<compl>}     % the title
\scopeclause                         % start scope clause
   % text of scope
\normrefsclause                      % start norm refs clause
  \normrefbp                         % boilerplate
  \begin{nreferences}
    % \item list of normative references
  \end{nreferences}
\defclause                           % definitions clause
  % definitions
\symabbclause                        % Symbols & abbreviations clause
  % symbol lists
% THE BODY OF THE DOCUMENT
\bibannex                            % optional; the final Bibliography annex
  % bibliography listing
% the index
\end{document}
\end{verbatim}

\begin{note}Remember that in the above \verb|iso|
      should be replaced by the current \file{iso} version
      for the \LaTeX\ system being used.
\end{note} % end note



\infannex{Creating an index} \label{anx:indexing}

    \LaTeX, although providing some assistance in preparing the data for an
index, \index{index} only does part of the job.
The command \verb|\index{text}|\index{index\@\verb|\index|} writes out
\verb|text| to an \file{.idx}\index{file!idx@.idx} file in the following
format: \index{indexentry\@\verb|\indexentry|}
\begin{verbatim}
\indexentry{text}{pg}
\end{verbatim}
where \verb|pg| is the page number in the document where the \verb|\index|
command occurred.

    The \verb|theindex| environment \index{theindex@\verb|theindex|}
is used for printing an index. The format of this is:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{theindex}
\item <text and page numbers>
  \subitem <text and page numbers>
    \subsubitem <text and page numbers>
.
.
\end{theindex}
\end{verbatim}
where \verb|\item| \index{item\@\verb|\item|} is a major topic entry,
\verb|\subitem| \index{subitem\@\verb|\subitem|} is a sub-topic entry, and
\verb|\subsubitem| \index{subsubitem\@\verb|\subsubitem|} is a sub-subtopic
entry. The command \verb|\indexspace| \index{indexspace\@\verb|\indexspace|}
can be used to add space between the entries. Other text and commands can also
occur within the environment.

    \LaTeX\ provides no help in going from an \file{.idx} file to the
\verb|theindex| environment~\bref{lamport}. The data in the file has to be
sorted, duplicate page numbers deleted, etc, and then re-written in the 
desired environment format.

    The typical process for producing a document with an index is:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Prepare the source file, say \file{fred.tex}, with the command
      \verb|\makeindex| \index{makeindex\@\verb|\makeindex|} in the
      preamble, \index{preamble} and \verb|\index| \index{index\@\verb|\index|}
      commands within the body of the text.
\item Run \LaTeX. As well as producing the usual output files, it will also
      produce the file \file{fred.idx}.
\item By some means produce a file, let's call it \file{fredidx.tex}, from the 
      data in \file{fred.idx} that contains the appropriate \verb|theindex|
      formatted data.
\item Run \LaTeX\ again on \file{fred.tex} which now has to contain (either
      via \verb|\input| \index{input\@\verb|\input|} or \verb|\include|)
      \index{include\@\verb|\include|} the file \file{fredidx.tex}.
\end{enumerate}

    Chen and Harrison~\bref{chen} discuss the problems of creating an index 
in their
paper {\em Index preparation and processing} and also describe the
{\sc MakeIndex}\index{makeindex@{\sc MakeIndex}} program. Goosens, Mittelbach
and Samarin~\bref{goosens} also describe how to use the {\sc MakeIndex} 
program for producing indexes for \LaTeX\ documents.

\sclause{The index command}\index{index\@\verb|\index|}

    The \verb|\index| command is one of the standard \LaTeX\ commands.
The command format is \verb|\index{<str>}|, where \verb|<str>| is any
string of characters, and it writes an entry to the \file{.idx} file in
the form \verb|\indexentry{<str>}{pg}|, where \verb|pg| is the page
number in the document where the command is called.

    Some points to note:
\begin{itemize}
\item The \verb|\index| command is, in \LaTeX\ terminology, 
      {\em fragile}\index{fragile}. That is, if it appears in a moving
      argument (like the caption to a table or figure) it must be preceded
      by the \LaTeX\ \verb|\protect|\index{protect\@\verb|\protect|}
      command.
\item Any of the ten \LaTeX\ special characters\index{special characters}
      (i.e., \verb|#|, \verb|$|, \verb|%|, \verb|&|, \verb|~|, \verb|_|,
             \verb|^|, \verb|\|, \verb|{| and \verb|}|) may appear
     within the argument, with the proviso that it must have no unmatched
     braces (the braces in \verb|\{| and \verb|\}| are counted in the
     matching process).
\item The \verb|\index| command must not appear inside another command's
     argument (e.g., within the 
     \verb|\footnote|\index{footnote\@\verb|\footnote|}
     command) unless the argument of the \verb|\index| command contains
     only letters, digits, and/or punctuation characters. In particular,
     it should not contain any of the special characters.
  \begin{note}This means that the argument of the \verb|\ix|\index{ix\@\verb|\ix|}
        command should not contain any special characters. Remember that the
       \verb|\ix| command prints its argument in the body of the text and also
       calls \verb|\index| to place its argument into the \file{.idx} file.
       \end{note} % end note
\end{itemize}

\begin{note}Under some circumstances, an \verb|\index| command appearing in another
command's argument may contain special characters, provided they are 
\verb|\protect|ed. Determination of when this is satisfactory is a process
of trial and error.
\end{note} % end note

\begin{example}The command \verb|\ix{an\protect\_underscore}| will print the
characters {\em an\_undescore}
in the text and also write the following to the \file{.idx} file:
\begin{verbatim}
\indexentry{an\_ underscore}{pg}
\end{verbatim}
Notice that there is a space between the underscore character and the word
`underscore' in the \file{.idx} file (but there is no space in the printed
body of the document text). This extraneous space may have to be edited out 
from the final index.
\end{example} % end example


\sclause{The program GenIndex} \index{genindex@GenIndex}

    GenIndex is a C program\index{C language} that converts \file{.idx}
data to \verb|theindex| data. Source code for GenIndex is freely available from
the NIST SOLIS \index{solis@SOLIS} system. The GenIndex program is not
as sophisticated as {\sc MakeIndex} but does a reasonable 
job.\footnote{These two programs are not completely compatible but do have
a common subset of commands. The common subset excludes the {\tt SeeAlso}
and {\tt See} commands. At some later time GenIndex may be rewritten to
be compatible with {\sc MakeIndex}. It is probably advisable, therefore, not
to use the GenIndex {\tt SeeAlso} and {\tt See} commands.}


\ssclause{Input} \index{genindex@GenIndex!input}

    GenIndex reads lines of data of the form:
\begin{verbatim}
\indexentry{IndexData}{Page}
\end{verbatim}

    \verb|Page| is a character string representing a page number. GenIndex only
recognizes strings that represent integer values greater than or equal to zero,
or (upper and lower case) roman numerals. For any other numbering system, the
page number is treated as zero.

    \verb|IndexData| is a string of characters and command characters that
specify the data that is to be indexed. In the simplest case, this is just the
word or phrase to appear in the index, but much more can be done than this, as
is described below.

    The general form of \verb|IndexData| is given by the following partial
grammar:
\begin{verbatim}
IndexData  = MainData ['!' SubData ['!' SubSubData ] ] .
MainData   = Data .
SubData    = Data .
SubSubData = Data .
Data       = Key [ Entry ] [ SeeAlso ] [ See ] .
Key        = any string not containing the @, !, + or * characters .
Entry      = '@' any string not containing the !, + or * characters 
                 (unless enclosed in braces {} ) .
SeeAlso    = '+' any string not containing the ! or * characters
                 (unless enclosed in braces {} ) .
See        = '*' any string not containing the ! character
                 (unless enclosed in braces {} ) .
\end{verbatim}

    Upto three levels of indexing are enabled --- a main topic entry, an optional
sub-topic, and an optional sub-subtopic. The sub-topics for an entry are
introduced by the \verb|!| character. \index{(33@{\verb|!|}}

     Apart from \verb|Key|, braces within a string must be matched. That is,
they must appear in pairs of an opening and a closing brace.
Spaces are significant within the \verb|Key| string, but not in the others.
That is, \verb|\indexentry{A}| differs from \verb|\indexentry{ A}| which
differs from \verb|\indexentry{A }|.

\begin{examples}
\begin{example}Here is an index entry for a simple topic:
\begin{verbatim}
\indexentry{Topic}{27}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example

\begin{example}And here is one where the key and the main entry are different, a 
sub-topic is being indexed, and the page is in roman numerals:
\begin{verbatim}
\indexentry{main@{\bf Main}!sub topic}{xviii}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example

\begin{example}This is how the characters \verb|@|, \verb|!|, \verb|+| and
\verb|*| characters are indexed in this document.
\begin{verbatim}
\index{(64@{\verb|@|}}
\index{(33@{\verb|!|}}
\index{(43@{\verb|+|}}
\index{(42@{\verb|*|}}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example
\end{examples}

\sssclause{Key} \index{genindex@GenIndex!input!key}

    The indexed entries are sorted alphabetically on the value of \verb|Key|.
Sorting is case-insensitive. A \verb|Key| value is required.

    More precisely, the key entries are sorted according to the
C language\index{C language} implementation collating sequence, which is usually ASCII. 
Table~\ref{tab:ascii} gives the ASCII collating sequence for the \LaTeX\
character set. \index{ASCII}


\begin{table}
\def\vissp{\hbox{\tt\char`\ }} % visible space
\centering
\caption{The \protect\LaTeX\ ASCII character set} \label{tab:ascii}
\begin{tabular}{|r|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline
  & {\bf 0} & {\bf 1} & {\bf 2} & {\bf 3} & {\bf 4} &
{\bf 5} & {\bf 6} & {\bf 7} & {\bf 8} & {\bf 9} \\ \hline\hline
{\bf 30}  &          &          & \vissp   & \verb|!| & \verb|"| &
            \verb|#| & \verb|$| & \verb|%| & \verb|&| & \verb|'|    \\
{\bf 40}  & \verb|(| & \verb|)| & \verb|*| & \verb|+| & \verb|,| &
            \verb|-| & \verb|.| & \verb|/| & \verb|0| & \verb|1|     \\
{\bf 50}  & \verb|2| & \verb|3| & \verb|4| & \verb|5| & \verb|6| &
            \verb|7| & \verb|8| & \verb|9| & \verb|:| & \verb|;|     \\
{\bf 60}  & \verb|<| & \verb|=| & \verb|>| & \verb|?| & \verb|@| &
            \verb|A| & \verb|B| & \verb|C| & \verb|D| & \verb|E|     \\
{\bf 70}  & \verb|F| & \verb|G| & \verb|H| & \verb|I| & \verb|J| &
            \verb|K| & \verb|L| & \verb|M| & \verb|N| & \verb|O|     \\
{\bf 80}  & \verb|P| & \verb|Q| & \verb|R| & \verb|S| & \verb|T| &
            \verb|U| & \verb|V| & \verb|W| & \verb|X| & \verb|Y|     \\
{\bf 90}  & \verb|Z| & \verb|[| & \verb|\| & \verb|]| & \verb|^| &
            \verb|_| & \verb|`| & \verb|a| & \verb|b| & \verb|c|     \\
{\bf 100} & \verb|d| & \verb|e| & \verb|f| & \verb|g| & \verb|h| &
            \verb|i| & \verb|j| & \verb|k| & \verb|l| & \verb|m|     \\
{\bf 110} & \verb|n| & \verb|o| & \verb|p| & \verb|q| & \verb|r| &
            \verb|s| & \verb|t| & \verb|u| & \verb|v| & \verb|w|     \\
{\bf 120} & \verb|x| & \verb|y| & \verb|z| & \verb|{| & \verb/|/ &
            \verb|}| & \verb|~| &          &          &              \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\sssclause{Entry} \index{genindex@GenIndex!input!entry} \index{(64@{\verb|@|}}

    \verb|Entry| is optional and is introduced by the \verb|@| character. If present, this will form the indexed string.
If absent, then the value of \verb|Key| is used instead.

\sssclause{See also} \index{genindex@GenIndex!input!see also}
 \index{(43@{\verb|+|}}

    \verb|SeeAlso| is optional and is introduced by the \verb|+| character. 
Within a document, it should only be used once
per entry. If used more than once, then only the last value is taken.

    This is used to produce an entry that refers to another indexed entry in
a {\em see also \ldots} style.

\sssclause{See} \index{genindex@GenIndex!input!see} \index{(42@{\verb|*|}}

    \verb|See| is optional and is introduced by the \verb|*| character. 
Within a document, it should be used only once per
entry. If used more than once, then only the last value is taken.

    This is used to produce an entry that refers to another entry in a
{\em see \ldots} style. Use of this option prohibits printing page numbers 
for the entry.

\ssclause{Output} \index{genindex@GenIndex!output}

    The program GenIndex sorts the entries into alphabetical order (based on
the \verb|Key| values), and produces a \verb|theindex| for the input data.
Several formatting commands are included in the output file to enable
adjustment of the appearance of the printed index. These are shown in
\tref{tab:indexc}.

\begin{table}
\centering
\caption{GenIndex formatting commands} \label{tab:indexc}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|} \hline
{\bf Command} & {\bf Effect} \\ \hline
\verb|\indexfill| & spacing style between main topic and page numbers \\
\verb|\sindexfill| & spacing style between subtopic and page numbers \\
\verb|\ssindexfill| & spacing between sub-subtopic and page numbers \\
\verb|\indexsee{text}| & produces \verb|text| as a {\em see} entry \\
\verb|\indexseealso{text}| & produces \verb|text| as a {\em see also} entry \\
\verb|\otherindexspace{c}| & heading for non-alphabetic entry \\
\verb|\alphaindexspace{c}| & heading for an alphabetic entry  \\ \hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}

\begin{notes}
\begin{note}The commands in \tref{tab:indexc} are defined in the \file{iso}
       file.\index{iso.cls} \end{note} %end note
\begin{note}If the commands are not defined in your system, then you can define them
      using the \LaTeX\ \verb|\newcommand|\index{newcommand\@\verb|\newcommand|}
      command. On the other hand, if they are defined in your system, you can change
      them using the 
      \LaTeX\ \verb|\renewcommand|\index{renewcommand\@\verb|\renewcommand|} command.
\end{note} % end note
\end{notes}

\begin{example}
This input file:
\begin{verbatim}
\indexentry{Freddy+Fred}{27}
\indexentry{Frederick*Fred}{29}
\indexentry{Fred}{42}
\indexentry{Fred}{52}
\indexentry{Fred}{43}
\end{verbatim}
will produce output like:
\begin{verbatim}
\begin{theindex}
\alphaindexspace{F}
\item Fred \indexfill 42--43, 52
\item Frederick \indexsee{Fred}
\item Freddy \indexfill 27 \indexseealso{Fred}
\end{theindex}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example

\sssclause{Indexfill commands}
\index{indexfill\@\verb|\indexfill|}
\index{sindexfill\@\verb|\sindexfill|}
\index{ssindexfill\@\verb|\ssindexfill|}

    The commands  \verb|\indexfill|, \verb|\sindexfill| and \verb|\ssindexfill|
control the style of spacing between an indexed entry and its corresponding
page numbers.

\begin{example}
If you want to have the page numbers right justified, with lines between the
main topics and their numbers, dots between sub-topics and pages, and 
sub-subtopic numbers right justified, then you could define these commands as:
\begin{verbatim}
\newcommand{\indexfill}{\hrulefill}
\newcommand{\sindexfill}{\dotfill}
\newcommand{\ssindexfill}{\hfill}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example


\begin{anote}The usual \LaTeX\ style is to have a small gap. \index{latex@\LaTeX\} 
If this is what you want, then define the commands as:
\begin{verbatim}
\newcommand{\indexfill}{}
\newcommand{\sindexfill}{}
\newcommand{\ssindexfill}{}
\end{verbatim}
\end{anote} % end note

\sssclause{Indexsee and indexseealso commands}
\index{indexsee\@\verb|\indexsee|}
\index{indexseealso\@\verb|\indexseealso|}

    The \verb|\indexsee{text}| and \verb|\indexseealso{text}| commands 
control the appearance
of the {\em see} and {\em see also} text. Each of these takes \verb|text| as
a parameter.

\begin{example}
These commands could be defined as:
\begin{verbatim}
\newcommand{\indexsee}[1]{\par \hspace*{2em} {\em see} #1}
\newcommand{\indexseealso}[1]{\par \hspace*{2em} {\em see also} #1}
\end{verbatim}
\end{example} % end example

\sssclause{Index space commands}
\index{alphaindexspace\@\verb|\alphaindexspace|}
\index{otherindexspace\@\verb|\otherindexspace|}

    The commands \verb|\alphaindexspace{c}| and \verb|\otherindexspace{c}|
control the amount of space between blocks of index entries. These correspond
to the \LaTeX\ \verb|\indexspace| \index{indexspace\@\verb|\indexspace|}
command, which just inserts some vertical space into the index listing.
Both these commands take a single parameter, which is typically a single
character.

\begin{anote}
GenIndex looks at the first character (call it \verb|c|) of the \verb|Key| 
and if this changes
as it processes the ordered list of main topics, it puts that character
as the parameter for these commands. It writes \verb|\alphaindexspace{c}| if
the character is alphabetic (and \verb|c| is put into upper-case), 
otherwise it writes \verb|\otherindexspace{c}|.
\end{anote} % end note

\begin{example}
These commands could be defined as:
\begin{verbatim}
\newcommand{\alphaindexspace}[1]{\indexspace
                       {\bf #1}}
\newcommand{\otherindexspace}[1]{}
\end{verbatim}
which would result in the printing of a vertical space and a bold font text
for an alphabetic header, or nothing for anything else.
\end{example} % end example

\ssclause{Running GenIndex} \index{genindex@GenIndex!run}

    To run GenIndex, first obtain a copy of the program, and compile it if
necessary. Execute the program on your data.

    GenIndex takes zero, one or two file names as parameters. If no files are
given then input and output is from and to \verb|stdin| and \verb|stdout|
respectively.

    If one file is given, then input is taken from this file, and output
is to \verb|stdout|.

    If two file names are given, then input is taken from the first and output
is to the second.

\begin{example}
A typical usage would be:
\begin{verbatim}
GenIndex fred.idx fredidx.tex
\end{verbatim}
which would read the \file{fred.idx} file and write the resulting index data to
file \file{fredidx.tex}.
\end{example} % end example

\infannex{The relationship with SGML} \label{anx:sgml} \index{SGML}

    SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) is a document tagging 
language that is described in ISO~8879~\bref{sgml} and whose usage is described 
in~\bref{bryan}, among others. The principal
mover behind SGML is Charles Goldfarb from IBM, who has authored a detailed 
handbook~\bref{goldfarb} on the SGML standard.

    The concepts lying behind both \LaTeX\ and SGML are similar, but on the face
of it they are distinctly different in both syntax and capabilities. ISO is
moving towards electronic versions of its standard documents and, naturally, 
would like these to be SGML tagged. NIST have SGML tagged some STEP documents 
using manual methods, which are time consuming and expensive. There is a small
effort underway to develop an auto-tagger that will (semi-)automatically convert
a \LaTeX\ tagged document to one with SGML tags.

     Like \LaTeX, SGML has a
concept of style files, which are termed DTDs, and both systems support
powerful macro-like capabilities. The design of an auto-tagger
essentially boils down to being able to convert from a source document tagged
according to a \LaTeX\ style file to one which is tagged according to an
SGML DTD.
Also, reverse translation may be necessary as SGML has no means of displaying
a finally formatted document --- commercial SGML systems often use \TeX\ or
\LaTeX\ as their printing engine.

    Fully automatic conversion is really only possible if the authors'
of the documents to be translated avoid using any `non-standard' macros within
their documents.

    It is highly recommended that, for STEP purposes at least, document editors
refrain from defining their own \LaTeX\ macros. If new generally applicable
\LaTeX\ commands are found to be necessary, these should be sent to the
editor of this document for incorporation into
the \file{iso.sty} and/or \file{step.sty} files.

    Some other points to watch when writing \LaTeX\ documents that will assist
in translations into SGML are given below. Typically, attention to these points
will make it easier to parse the \LaTeX\ source.

\begin{itemize}
\item Avoid using the \verb|\label|\index{label\@\verb|\label|} command within
      clause headings or captions. It can just as easily be placed immediately
      after these constructs.
\item Avoid using the \verb|\index|\index{index\@\verb|\index|} command within
      clause headings or captions. It can just as easily be placed immediately
      after these constructs.
\end{itemize}

\infannex{Obtaining LaTeX and friends} \label{anx:getstuff}

    \LaTeX\ is a freely available document typesetting system. There are many
public domain additions to the basic system.
The information below gives pointers to where
you can obtain \LaTeX\ etc., from the\index{Internet} Internet. General
information on Internet access is obtainable from many sources, for
example reference~\bref{krol}.

\sclause{CTAN} \index{CTAN}

    \LaTeX\ runs on a wide variety of hardware, from PCs to Crays. Source to build
a \LaTeX\ system is freely available via anonymous ftp\index{ftp} 
from what is called CTAN
(Comprehensive \TeX\ Archive Network). There are three sites; pick the one nearest
to you.
\begin{itemize}
\item \verb|ftp.dante.de| in Germany;
\item \verb|ftp.shsu.edu| in the USA;
\item \verb|ftp.tex.ac.uk| in the UK.
\end{itemize}
All three sites mirror each other; this means that they should all have the same
contents (at least within 24 hours of each other). The top level directory 
for \LaTeX\ and friends is \verb|/tex-archive|. CTAN contains a wide variety
of (La)TeX sources, style files, and software tools and scripts to assist in
document processing.

\begin{anote}As of October 1994 they do not contain any of the style files or software
developed to support STEP. These are available from SOLIS.
\end{anote}% end note

    The UK and USA CTAN also support {\em gopher}\index{gopher} access. 
A World Wide Web\index{WWW} (hypertext)\index{hypertext}
interface to the archives is available from:
\begin{verbatim}
    http://jasper.ora.com/CTAN/ctan.html
\end{verbatim}

    Walsh~\bref{walsh} provides instructions on various non-ftp means of accessing CTAN
and on building a \LaTeX\ system.



\sclause{SOLIS} \index{SOLIS}

    SOLIS is the {\em STEP On Line Information Service}. It contains many electronic
sources of STEP related documents. The relevant top level directory is \verb|pub/step|.
 In particular it contains the source for this document
and the \file{.sty} files, as well as other \LaTeX\ related files. The latest
versions of the \LaTeX\
related files are kept in the directory \verb|pub/step/latex/current|.

    There are several ways of accessing SOLIS. These are detailed by Ressler~\bref{ressler}
and Rinaudot~\bref{rinaudot}. Copies of these reports may be obtained by telephoning the
IPO Office at \verb|+1 (301) 975-3983|. Abbreviated instructions are given below
and are current as of September 1994.

\ssclause{Anonymous ftp} \index{ftp}

     SOLIS is at \verb|ftp.cme.nist.gov| (or \verb|129.6.32.54|).

    Login as \verb|anonymous| and when requested for a password, supply your Email
address. After the connection is established, do
\begin{verbatim}
cd pub/step
\end{verbatim}
to get to the top level directory.

\ssclause{Kermit} \index{kermit}

\begin{enumerate}
\item Use a communications package that supports the kermit protocol.
\item Dial into the NIST modem pool at \verb|+1 (301) 948-9720|.
\item When prompted by \verb|Enter Username>| type in your last name.
\item Connect to SOLIS by typing in: \verb|connect solis.cme|.
\item At the \verb|Login:| prompt, type in \verb|kermit|.
\item Answer the prompts to register yourself as a user.
\end{enumerate}


    You will then be logged into the kermit server and will be able to access all the
files available on SOLIS.

\ssclause{Electronic mail} \index{Email}

    Send Email to \verb|nptserver@cme.nist.gov|. Anything in the Subject line is
ignored --- all processed commands are in the body of the message. Each command
must be on a separate line in the body. The following commands are available.
\begin{itemize}
\item \verb|help| to get the help file (instructions for use of the archive server).
\item \verb|send step/howto/mailhelp.txt| to receive an explanation of the archive server.
\item \verb|index all| to get a list of directories, subdirectories and file names.
\item \verb|index <dname>| to get a list of the contents of the \verb|<dname>| directory.
\item \verb|send step/<dname>| to receive all the files in the \verb|<dname>| directory.
\item \verb|send step/<dname>/current| to receive all files of most recent release
      of the \verb|<dname>| directory.
\item \verb|send step/<dname>/<subdname>/.../<filename>| to receive the particular
      \verb|<filename>| file.
\end{itemize}

\ssclause{Gopher} \index{gopher}

    The gopher server is running on \verb|elib.cme.nist.gov| on port~70.
There are two ways to access the SOLIS gopher server.

\sssclause{Gopher client}

    Connect to the host \verb|elib.cme.nist.gov|.

     For example, if your executable file is \verb|gopher|, type
\begin{verbatim}
gopher elib.cme.nist.gov
\end{verbatim}

    You are now in SOLIS, using the gopher menu. Just select either the \verb|step|
directory or the \verb|howto| directory and proceed. When you have found a file you
would like to receive, there are two ways to download it.

\begin{enumerate}
\item Email the file. For this method, you must be viewing the file that you want
      to receive. Type \verb|m| and a \verb|Mail current document to:| window
      will appear. Enter your Email address, press the \verb|<Enter>| key, 
      and the file will be sent to you.
\item Save the file to your local machine. For this method, you must either be
      viewing the file or have the file selected in the gopher menu. Type \verb|s|
      and a \verb|Save in file:| window will appear. You can enter the name
      you want for the file or use the default provided by the gopher client, and
      then press the \verb|<Enter>| key.
\end{enumerate}


\sssclause{World Wide Web} \index{WWW}

    For a World Wide Web (WWW) browser, such as Mosaic, use one of the 
following URLs:
\begin{itemize}
\item \verb|gopher://elib.cme.nist.gov| or
\item \verb|http://elib.cme.nist.gov:70|
\end{itemize}

    You are now in SOLIS, using the gopher menu. 
Just click on either the \verb|step|
directory or the \verb|howto| directory and proceed. When you have found a file you
would like to receive, there are two ways to download it.

\begin{anote}These instructions are specific to Mosaic\index{Mosaic} for X Windows. 
       The procedures
       for Mosaic for Microsoft Windows and Mosaic for Macintosh will differ
       slightly.
\end{anote} % end note

\begin{enumerate}
\item When you are viewing the file that you want, open the \verb|File| pull down
      menu, select the \verb|Mail to| option and fill in your Email address.
      The file will be Emailed to you.
\item You must be at the gopher menu that lists the file you want. Pull down the
      \verb|Options| menu and click on \verb|Load to Local Disk|. Select the
      file that you want (ASCII, WordPerfect, or Postscript) from the gopher menu.

      The \verb|Save Binary File to Local Disk| window will appear. 
      Select the directory
      where you want to save the file and fill in the
      \verb|Name for binary file on local disk:|.
\end{enumerate}



\bibannex
\label{biblio}

\begin{references}
\reference{LAMPORT, L.,}{LaTeX --- A Document Preparation System,}
            {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 2nd edition, 1994} \label{lamport}
%\reference{WILSON, P.R.,}{The LaTeX isorot.sty file,}
%           {ISO TC184/SC4/EC N42, August, 1994.} \label{doc:isorot}
\reference{RAHTZ, S., and BARROCA, L.,}{A style option for rotated
           objects in \LaTeX,}{ TUGBoat, volume 13, number 2, pp 156--180, 
           July 1992.} \label{rahtz}
\reference{GOOSENS, M., MITTELBACH, F. and SAMARIN, A.,}{%
           The LaTeX Companion,}
           {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1994} \label{goosens}
\reference{CHEN, P. and HARRISON, M.A.,}{Index preparation and
           processing,}{Software--Practice and Experience, 19(9):897--915,
           September 1988.} \label{chen}
\reference{KOPKA, H. and DALY, P.W.,}{A Guide to LaTeX,}
           {Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1993.} \label{kopka}
\reference{WALSH, N.,}{Making TeX Work,}{O'Reilly \& Associates, Inc.,
           103 Morris Street, Suite A, Sebastopol, CA 95472. 1994. } \label{walsh}
\reference{ISO 8879:1986,}{Information processing --- 
                                Text and office systems ---
           Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML)}{} \label{sgml}
\reference{GOLDFARB, C.F.,}{The SGML Handbook,}
           {Oxford University Press, 1990.} \label{goldfarb}
\reference{BRYAN, M.,}{SGML --- An Author's Guide to the Standard Generalized
           Markup Language,}{Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., 1988. } \label{bryan}
\reference{RESSLER, S.,}{The National PDES Testbed Mail Server User's Guide,}
           {NSTIR 4508, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
           Gaithersburg, MD 20899. January 1991.} \label{ressler}
\reference{RINAUDOT, G.R.,}{STEP On Line Information Service (SOLIS),}
          {Draft NSTIR, National Institute of Standards and Technology,
          Gaithersburg, MD 20899. October 1994. } \label{rinaudot}
\reference{KROL, E.,}{The Whole Internet --- User's Guide \& Catalog,}
           {O'Reilly \& Associates, Inc.,
           103 Morris Street, Suite A, Sebastopol, CA 95472. 1993. } \label{krol}
\end{references}

    
%%%%%%% here is the index at the end
\include{isostyidx}
%  isostyidx.tex
%  Generated by GenIndex Version 1.0 from isosty.idx
% 
\end{document}
\begin{theindex}



\otherindexspace{(}
% ((((


\item {\verb|!|}  \indexfill
   34
\item {\verb|*|}  \indexfill
   35
\item {\verb|+|}  \indexfill
   35
\item {\verb|@|}  \indexfill
   35

\otherindexspace{0}
% 0000


\item \verb|9pt|  \indexfill
   4

\otherindexspace{1}
% 1111


\item \verb|10pt|  \indexfill
   4
\item \verb|11pt|  \indexfill
   4

\alphaindexspace{A}
% AAAA


\item \verb|a4paper|  \indexfill
   4
\item abbreviations  \indexfill
   11
\item \verb|\added|  \indexfill
   16
\item \verb|\alphaindexspace|  \indexfill
   37
\item annex  \indexfill
   5, 28--29
\item Annexes  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\annexname|  \indexfill
   28
\item \verb|\annexrefname|  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|anote|  \indexfill
   7
\item \verb|\aref|  \indexfill
   13
\item ASCII  \indexfill
   35
\item \file{askinc}  \indexfill
   3
\item askinc.sty  \indexfill
   27
\item \file{askincv1.sty}  \indexfill
   3

\alphaindexspace{B}
% BBBB


\item \verb|\bibannex|  \indexfill
   15
\item \verb|\bibname|  \indexfill
   15
\item BibTeX  \indexfill
   9
\item boilerplate  \indexfill
   2
\item \verb|\bref|  \indexfill
   10, 13

\alphaindexspace{C}
% CCCC


\item C language  \indexfill
   33, 35
\item \verb|\caption|  \indexfill
   11
\item \verb|\changemarkstrue|  \indexfill
   15
\item \verb|\cite|  \indexfill
   10
\item clause  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\clause|  \indexfill
   5
\item \verb|\clauserefname|  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\clockwise|  \indexfill
   18
\item \verb|\contcaption|  \indexfill
   11
\item Contents  \indexfill
   28
\item \verb|\contentsname|  \indexfill
   28
\item \verb|\controtcaption|  \indexfill
   23
\item \verb|copyright|  \indexfill
   4
\item \verb|\copyrightname|  \indexfill
   28
\item \verb|\copyrightnotice|  \indexfill
   30
\item \verb|\counterclockwise|  \indexfill
   18--19
\item \verb|\cref|  \indexfill
   14
\item CTAN  \indexfill
   39

\alphaindexspace{D}
% DDDD


\item \verb|\defabbclause|  \indexfill
   15
\item \verb|\defabbname|  \indexfill
   15
\item \verb|\defclause|  \indexfill
   15
\item \verb|\definition|  \indexfill
   10
\item \verb|definitions|  \indexfill
   10
\item \verb|\defname|  \indexfill
   15
\item \verb|\defsymabbclause|  \indexfill
   15
\item \verb|\defsymabbname|  \indexfill
   15
\item \verb|\defsymclause|  \indexfill
   15
\item \verb|\defsymname|  \indexfill
   15
\item \verb|\deleted|  \indexfill
   16
\item \verb|description|  \indexfill
   6
\item \verb|dis|  \indexfill
   2, 4, 13
\item \verb|\disref|  \indexfill
   9
\item \verb|draft|  \indexfill
   4, 13
\item \verb|dvips|  \indexfill
   18
\item dvips  \indexfill
   18
\item \verb|dvipsone|  \indexfill
   18
\item dvipsone  \indexfill
   18
\item \verb|dvitops|  \indexfill
   18
\item dvitops  \indexfill
   18

\alphaindexspace{E}
% EEEE


\item \verb|\editorial|  \indexfill
   15
\item Email  \indexfill
   40
\item \verb|enumerate|  \indexfill
   6
\item \verb|\eref|  \indexfill
   14
\item example  \indexfill
   8, 28--29
\item \verb|\examplename|  \indexfill
   28
\item \verb|\examplerefname|  \indexfill
   29
\item EXAMPLES  \indexfill
   8, 28
\item \verb|\examplesname|  \indexfill
   28

\alphaindexspace{F}
% FFFF


\item figure  \indexfill
   11, 22, 28--29
\item \verb|\figurename|  \indexfill
   28
\item \verb|\figurerefname|  \indexfill
   29
\item Figures  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|figuresleft|  \indexfill
   18, 23
\item \verb|figuresright|  \indexfill
   18, 23
\item file 
  \subitem .cls 
    \subsubitem iso  \ssindexfill
       3, 5
  \subitem .idx  \sindexfill
     32
  \subitem .sty  \sindexfill
     5
        \indexseealso{{ap.sty, iso.sty, step.sty, iso9.sty, iso10.sty, iso11.sty}}
    \subsubitem askinc  \ssindexfill
       27
\item \verb|final|  \indexfill
   4
\item floats  \indexfill
   11
  \subitem continuation  \sindexfill
     11
\item \verb|\footnote|  \indexfill
   33
\item Foreword  \indexfill
   14, 28
\item \verb|\forewordname|  \indexfill
   14, 28
\item fragile  \indexfill
   33
\item \verb|\fref|  \indexfill
   14
\item French language  \indexfill
   29
\item ftp  \indexfill
   39--40
\item \verb|\fwdbp|  \indexfill
   14, 30

\alphaindexspace{G}
% GGGG


\item GenIndex  \indexfill
   33
  \subitem input  \sindexfill
     33
    \subsubitem entry  \ssindexfill
       35
    \subsubitem key  \ssindexfill
       34
    \subsubitem see  \ssindexfill
       35
    \subsubitem see also  \ssindexfill
       35
  \subitem output  \sindexfill
     35
  \subitem run  \sindexfill
     37
\item gopher  \indexfill
   39, 41

\alphaindexspace{H}
% HHHH


\item hypertext  \indexfill
   39

\alphaindexspace{I}
% IIII


\item \verb|\include|  \indexfill
   27, 32
\item \verb|\includeonly|  \indexfill
   27
\item index  \indexfill
   28, 32
\item \verb|\index|  \indexfill
   32, 38
\item \verb|\indexentry|  \indexfill
   32
\item \verb|\indexfill|  \indexfill
   36
\item \verb|\indexname|  \indexfill
   28
\item \verb|\indexsee|  \indexfill
   37
\item \verb|\indexseealso|  \indexfill
   37
\item \verb|\indexspace|  \indexfill
   32, 37
\item \verb|\infannex|  \indexfill
   5
\item \verb|\infile|  \indexfill
   27
\item informative  \indexfill
   28
\item \verb|\informativename|  \indexfill
   28
\item \verb|\input|  \indexfill
   27, 32
\item \verb|inscope|  \indexfill
   10
\item \verb|\inscopename|  \indexfill
   10, 28
\item INTERNATIONAL STANDARD  \indexfill
   28
\item Internet  \indexfill
   39
\item Introduction  \indexfill
   14, 28
\item \verb|\introductionname|  \indexfill
   14, 28
\item \verb|is|  \indexfill
   2, 4
\item IS-REVIEW  \indexfill
   2, 4
\item \verb|\ISname|  \indexfill
   28
\item ISO  \indexfill
   3, 28
\item ISO Directives \indexsee{ISOD}
\item iso.cls  \indexfill
   3--5, 28, 36
\item \file{iso10.clo}  \indexfill
   3
\item \file{iso10.sty}  \indexfill
   3
\item \file{iso11.clo}  \indexfill
   3
\item \file{iso11.sty}  \indexfill
   3
\item \file{iso9.clo}  \indexfill
   3
\item \file{iso9.sty}  \indexfill
   3
\item ISOD  \indexfill
   2, 4
\item isofwdbp.tex  \indexfill
   30
\item \file{isonev1.sty}  \indexfill
   3
\item \file{isorot}  \indexfill
   3
\item \file{isorot1.sty}  \indexfill
   3
\item \file{isorotne1.sty}  \indexfill
   3
\item \file{isov1.cls}  \indexfill
   3
\item \verb|\isref|  \indexfill
   9
\item \verb|\item|  \indexfill
   32
\item \verb|itemize|  \indexfill
   6
\item \verb|\ix|  \indexfill
   33

\alphaindexspace{K}
% KKKK


\item kermit  \indexfill
   40

\alphaindexspace{L}
% LLLL


\item \verb|\label|  \indexfill
   8, 10, 13, 38
\item \LaTeX\  \indexfill
   2, 36
\item \verb|letterpaper|  \indexfill
   4
\item list 
  \subitem error  \sindexfill
     7
\item \verb|\listannexname|  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\listfigurename|  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\listtablename|  \indexfill
   29

\alphaindexspace{M}
% MMMM


\item {\sc MakeIndex}  \indexfill
   32
\item \verb|\makeindex|  \indexfill
   32
\item Mosaic  \indexfill
   41
\item \verb|\moved|  \indexfill
   16

\alphaindexspace{N}
% NNNN


\item \verb|\newcommand|  \indexfill
   36
\item NFSS  \indexfill
   vi
\item non-English languages  \indexfill
   28
\item \verb|\normannex|  \indexfill
   5
\item normative  \indexfill
   29
\item Normative references  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\normativename|  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\normrefbp|  \indexfill
   30
\item \verb|\normrefsclause|  \indexfill
   14
\item \verb|\normrefsname|  \indexfill
   14, 29
\item \verb|notcopyright|  \indexfill
   4, 13
\item NOTE  \indexfill
   7, 29
\item \verb|\notename|  \indexfill
   29
\item NOTES  \indexfill
   8, 29
\item \verb|\notesname|  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|nreferences|  \indexfill
   9

\alphaindexspace{O}
% OOOO


\item \verb|\olddefinition|  \indexfill
   10
\item \verb|olddefinitions|  \indexfill
   10
\item \verb|onecolumn|  \indexfill
   4
\item \verb|otherdoc|  \indexfill
   4, 13
\item \verb|\otherindexspace|  \indexfill
   37
\item \verb|outofscope|  \indexfill
   10
\item \verb|\outofscopename|  \indexfill
   10, 29

\alphaindexspace{P}
% PPPP


\item Page  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\pagename|  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\part|  \indexfill
   5
\item \verb|pctexps|  \indexfill
   18
\item pctexps  \indexfill
   18
\item preamble  \indexfill
   13--15, 32
\item \verb|\protect|  \indexfill
   33
\item \verb|pubps|  \indexfill
   18
\item pubps  \indexfill
   18

\alphaindexspace{R}
% RRRR


\item \verb|\ref|  \indexfill
   8, 10, 13
\item \verb|\reference|  \indexfill
   9
\item \verb|references|  \indexfill
   9
\item \verb|\renewcommand|  \indexfill
   2, 29--30, 36
\item \verb|\renewenvironment|  \indexfill
   2
\item \verb|\repannex|  \indexfill
   5
\item \verb|rotate|  \indexfill
   18
\item \verb|\rotcaption|  \indexfill
   23
\item \verb|\rotdriver|  \indexfill
   16

\alphaindexspace{S}
% SSSS


\item \verb|\sclause|  \indexfill
   5
\item Scope  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\scopeclause|  \indexfill
   14
\item \verb|\scopename|  \indexfill
   14, 29
\item SD  \indexfill
   2, 4
\item \verb|sect|  \indexfill
   4--5
\item Section  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\section|  \indexfill
   5
\item \verb|\sectionname|  \indexfill
   29
\item SGML  \indexfill
   38
\item \verb|sideways|  \indexfill
   18, 22
\item \verb|sidewaysfigure|  \indexfill
   22
\item \verb|sidewaystable|  \indexfill
   22
\item \verb|\sindexfill|  \indexfill
   36
\item SOLIS  \indexfill
   33, 39
\item special characters  \indexfill
   33
\item \verb|\special|  \indexfill
   16
\item \verb|\ssindexfill|  \indexfill
   36
\item \verb|\standard|  \indexfill
   13
\item style file  \indexfill
   2
\item \verb|\subitem|  \indexfill
   32
\item \verb|\subsubitem|  \indexfill
   32
\item supplementary directives \indexsee{SD}
\item \verb|\symabbclause|  \indexfill
   15
\item \verb|\symabbname|  \indexfill
   15
\item \verb|\symbol|  \indexfill
   11
\item symbols  \indexfill
   11
\item \verb|symbols|  \indexfill
   11

\alphaindexspace{T}
% TTTT


\item table  \indexfill
   11, 22, 29
\item \verb|\tablename|  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\tablerefname|  \indexfill
   29
\item Tables  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\tbpname|  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|textures|  \indexfill
   18
\item textures  \indexfill
   18
\item The following are outside the scope of this  \indexfill
   29
\item The following are within the scope of this  \indexfill
   28
\item \verb|theindex|  \indexfill
   32
\item \verb|\title|  \indexfill
   13
\item To be published.  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\tocdepth|  \indexfill
   14
\item \verb|\today|  \indexfill
   29
\item \verb|\tref|  \indexfill
   14
\item \verb|turn|  \indexfill
   18
\item \verb|twocolumn|  \indexfill
   4

\alphaindexspace{W}
% WWWW


\item WWW  \indexfill
   39, 41

\alphaindexspace{Y}
% YYYY


\item \verb|\yearofedition|  \indexfill
   13

\end{theindex}


\end{document}