; TeX output 1995.07.11:1813ARrҠ.ʹ{5R3{G ptmr7tAQLyy3{ ptmr7tATSEyXsurvihvalQguideforUnixsystems)editedbySebastianRahtzbGJanuary10th1994'#e9Vff phvb7tContents$ߌ ptmb7t1Introduction8`#12GettingStarted,D2 3{ ptmr7t2.1&RunningaSampleFile {...............................22.2&PreparingandRunningLff%3{ ptmr7tA;TU>?E1fXonYgourOwnFiles⍍.................23CarryingOn7]43.1&OperatingsystemissuesVӍ...............................43.2&Howtousethe&0 pcrr7tdvipscommand ..........................5&3.2.1FUsingthe`eps g'package.........................64Documentclasses#64.1&`Mainz'packages#..................................64.2&Otherpackages/...................................84.3&LocalmacrosandenvironmentsL..........................95AdditionalB'S ptmrc7tib32TU>&dE1fXstyle les]96FontsRR116.1&UsingPostScriptfontsL..............................127Pre٠viewers:{138Relatedsoftware!14AJ٠oiningtheTU>NEXandLff(ߌ ptmb7tA;TU>NEXCommunity%v16A.1&UKTU>?E1fXusers`....................................161hIntrJoductionThisXdocumentisdesignedtopro٠videnewusersofLffA;TU>?E1fXwithareferenceforthelocalfeaturesnot;documentedinthemanual()Kj ptmri7tTheLff*Kj ptmri7tA-STU>4xE1fXBook,Lesle٠yLamport,AddisonW37esle٠y1987);XittakgestheSplaceoftheLocalGuidereferredtointhebook.sF٠orageneralintroductiontoLffA;TU>?E1fX,youarereferredtothecompanionmanualEssentialLffA-STU>4xE1fX++,bmostlybyJonW37arbrick.Z0F٠orageneralintroductiontotheconceptsoftheTU>?E1fXsoftwgaredistribution,7seeJoachimSchrĞ3od's8sComponentsofTU>4xE1fX.Readersofthisdocumentwillnormallybesta orstudentswhohav٠eeithertaughtthemselvesLffA;TU>?E1fX,Lor|4xE1fXW=++ rst,_etofgamiliarizethemselv٠eswithbasicconcepts.FMostofthismanualisforreference purposes,sodonotreaditasatutorialte٠xt!LffA;TU>?E1fXrunsonavarietyofcomputersatman٠ydi erentsites.Thisdocumenttellsyouhowtouse2LffA;TU>?E1fXonUnixcomputers.^1ItisnotaboutLffATU>?E1fXitself,~whichisdescribedbythemanual|LffA-STU>4xE1fX:1ADocument\PrGepar٠ationSystem,>publishedbyAddison-W37esleyY,>availableatthebookshop.Ifyouhav٠eaquestionthatyoucan'tanswerbyreadingthemanualandthisdocument,4askthelocalsupportteam.g2hGettingStarIted-l phvr7t2.1RunningUaSampleFileBefore preparingyourowndocuments,AyoumaywganttogetacquaintedwithLffA;TU>?E1fXbyrunningitonasampleinput le. FFirstmakgeyourowncopyofthe lesample.texCy4bytypingthefollowingcommand:$cp/usr/local/tex/texmf/tex/latex/base/sample2e.tex.(YgouJ8musttypethespacefollowedbytheperiodattheend. ThisandallothercommandsareendedmbytypingrGeturn.)A_copgyofthe lesample.texApڽisnowinyourcurrentdirectory;Ԥyoucan5edititjustlikgean٠yother le.;IfyoudestroyormessupyourcopyY,Dtypingtheabo٠ve5commandag7aingetsyouafreshone.Studythis leasane٠xampleofacompleteLffA;TU>?E1fXdocument,whichusesman٠yofthecommonfeatures.Ne٠xt,runLffA;TU>?E1fXonthe lesample.texAbytyping:latexsampleWhencLffA;TU>?E1fXhas nished,iAitwillhav٠eproducedthe lesample.dvi@$inyourdirectoryY.JYgoucanprintthis lebytypingthecommanddvipssampleAfterithasbeenprinted,,youcandeletesample.dvi>.1~Ygou'gllalsoseea lecalledsample.logwhich4containsacopgyofallthemessagesthatcameonthescreen(with,Dsometimes,more4detail).Ygoucansafelydeletethisafteryourrun.G2.2Prepar. ingUandRunningL+.l phvr7tA7LT#SEXonYQourOwnFilesYgoulcanusean٠ytexteditorwhichproducesplainASCIIltext lestoprepareinputforLffA;TU>?E1fX.MTheeasiest?wgaytostartlearningaboutLffA;TU>?E1fXisbye٠xaminingthe lesmall2e.texGZ~withyourtexteditors8.TxYgoucanobtainyourowncopgyofthis le,inyourdirectoryY,bytypingthecommand$cp/usr/local/tex/texmf/tex/latex/base/small2e.tex.After}%youhav٠epreparedyour le,}whosenameshouldhav٠etheextensiontex,}youmustrunitsthroughLffA;TU>?E1fXandprinttheoutput.PoF٠ollowtheinstructionsinSection2.1,vQexceptsubstitutethe rstnameofyour leforsample&.ERemembertosav٠ediskspacebydeletingthedvi lesafterprintingtheoutput.IfAyouareusedtousinganEmacs-typeeditor,youmaywishtoutilisethefgacilitiespro٠videdby%GnuEmacs.F$Thesecanbeusedonordinaryterminals,O]butifusedonawgorkstationconsole,canusethemouseandfunctionkge٠ys.ыLookoutfortheAs8UC-TLeXepackagewhichprovidesacomprehensiv٠esetoffgacilitiesforeditingLffA;TU>?E1fXcode.p_ff֟ 荍 h-:,3{ ptmr7t1fh+3{ ptmr7tExcellentQpublicdomainimplementationsofTEXforMSDOS,OS/2andMacintoshcomputersarea vailablefromthe UKTEXArchivMe;seeA.1belowz.ҍ2ARrҠ. P1QuestionRAnswerffYfdHowdoIrunLffA;TU>?E1fXƬUsethe`late٠x'command.@.. HowdoIprinta le?ƬUsethedvipscommand.@..CanIhav٠ebibliographiesdoneforme?ƬUseBib32TU>&dE1fX(it's8sdocumentedintheLffA;TU>?EXƬbookAppendixB!)|seesection5belowY.HowdoIreco٠verfromerrors?ƬTU>?E1fXAisnotoriousforgivingyouapparentlyƬmeaninglesserrormessages!*Ifyoutype`e'ƬwhenyougetaTU>?E1fX`?'prompt,youwillbeƬputintotheeditor(bydefgault,`vi'|settheƬenvironmentͲvariableTEXEDITOR\touseaƬdi erentone)attheerror-producingline.HWhatifIrunoutofTU>?E1fXmemory?ƬThisisav٠erybigTU>?E1fXalreadythatyouareƬrunning.M]IfjyourunoutofmemoryY,nitsproba-Ƭblyyourfgault.$Isitpossibletodra٠wpictures?ƬLffA;TU>?E1fX` itselfhasa`picture'environment,de-Ƭscribed_inthemanual,butthesimplestwgayƬisbtoincludeaPostScript gurecreatedƬwithIan٠ygooddrawingtool(seesection3.2.1Ƭbelow՞forhowtoincludePostScriptinƬLffA;TU>?E1fX).HowdoIpreview lesbeforeIprintthem?ƬUseoneoftwgopreviewers,ydvipageandƬxdvi,~dependingKonwhetheryourwindow-ƬingsystemisSunvieworXWindows.$ArethereotherpackagesforLffA;TU>?E1fX?ƬLots.W37ekhav٠etriedtocollectuseful-lookingƬthings.F-SomeUofthesearedocumentedbelowY.AreOZweincontactwiththerestoftheLffA;TU>?E1fXcommunity?ƬYes. ThereKisawgorld-wideTU>?E1fX-hackersƬmailingTlist,]pandaUKTlist.FThesearethene٠xtƬline`ofdefenseafteryourlocalgurus;ktheUKƬbulletinispostedonUsenetnews.0ArethereothermacropackagesthanLffA;TU>?E1fX?ƬYes,gcertainlyY,butdonote٠xpectasmuchƬdocumentationlande٠xamples.  !", cmsy10AU>?M S-TU>?E1fXƬ(from@theAmericanMathematicalSociety)isƬwidely3lused.nSuchformatsarenotavailableƬby defgault|talktotechnicalsupportifyouƬwganttousethem.CanIuseMetafonttocreatemyownfonts?ƬYes,FitLisinstalled.\Butdon'te٠xpectmuchƬhelpaboutdesign!CanIjoinaTU>?E1fXUserGroup?ƬYes,fcontacttheTU>?E1fXUsersGroup,P.O.BoxƬ869,aSantaBarbara,CAz93102,USA.tele-Ƭphone?E1fXinthemiddleofitse٠xecution,]perhapsTbecauseitisprintingaseem- ingly unendingstringofuninformativ٠eerrormessages,pressCtrl-C8P,andrespondtothepromptwith`X'ڢ3hCarr$yingOn3.1OperIatingUsystemissuesTheonlyspecialproblemsinusingLffA;TU>?E1fXunderthisoperatingsysteminvolv٠ethewgay lesarehandled.IsThe|T rstproblemarisesbecause,iwhenaprogramstartstowritea le,thepreviousv٠ersionm$ofthat leisdestrogyed.N/Thus,pifanerrorforcesyoutostopLffA;TU>?E1fXprematurely(bytypingCtrl-C8P),thenthe lesthatLffA;TU>?E1fXwgaswritingareincomplete,andthepreviouscompletev٠ersionshav٠ebeendestrogyed.Ygouprobablydon'tcareabouttheoutputonthedvi le,?E1fXalsowritesoneormore@auxiliary lesthatitreadsthene٠xttimeitprocessesthesameinput le.?sIftheauxiliary lesare"incompletebecauseLffA;TU>?E1fXwgasstoppedbeforereachingtheendofitsinput le,jthenthetableofPcontentsandcross-referenceswillbeincorporatedthene٠xttimeLffA;TU>?E1fXisrunonthesameinput le.u$Ygou9willhav٠etorunLffA;TU>?E1fXasecondtimetogetthemright.Ifyouwganttoavoid9havingtorunDLffA;TU>?E1fXtwiceaftermakinganerror|fore٠xample,Uifyourinputisverylong|thenyoushouldsav٠e`Vcopiesoftheseauxiliary lesbeforerunningLffA;TU>?E1fX.IAninput lenamedmyfile.tex@andallQtheauxiliary lesproducedbyLffA;TU>?E1fXfromitareincludedinthe lespeci ermyfile.*2Q.EUsethecpcommandtosav٠ecopiesofthese les.TheusecondprobleminusingLffA;TU>?E1fXinvolv٠esthe lesthatLffATU>?E1fXreads.]The lewhosenameyouPHtypewiththelatexcommandiscalledtheroot le.PInadditiontoreadingtheroot le,LffA;TU>?E1fXalsoreadsthe lesspeci edby\input)Pand\include5Pcommands.|qWithourdirectorysystem,kLffA;TU>?E1fXfmustknownotonlythenamesofthese lebutalsoonwhatdirectoriesthe٠yare.LItwillhav٠enoproblem ndingthecorrect lesifyoufollowtwgosimplerules:HE 1.RunLffA;TU>?E1fXfromthedirectorycontainingtheroot le. 2.Keep7all lesspeci edby\input*o`and\include6o`commandsinthesamedirectoryastheroot le.Ifyoufollowtheserules,younev٠erhavetotypeapathspeci erwhenusingLffA;TU>?E1fX.YgouI|shouldnev٠erbreakthe rstrule,TdotherwiseLffA;TU>?E1fXwillhavetrouble ndingauxiliary les.(T37oIrunLffA;TU>?E1fXonsomeoneelse's8s le,{[copgythe letoyourdirectoryY.)Ifyoubreakthesecondrule,ǬspecifyingWa lefromanotherdirectoryinan\input)ror\include5rcommand,youmustuseacompletepathname.ϹF٠orexample,[toincludethe lehisfile.texGR,fromkk's8sdirectoryfoo/bar*,youcantype\include{/home/kk/foo/bar/hisfile}F٠or9peoplewhodon'tlikgetoobeyrules,hhereisexactlyhowLffA;TU>?E1fX ndsits les.sTheroot leNisfoundbytheoperatingsystemaccordingtoitsusualrules.cLffA;TU>?E1fX's8sauxiliary lesarereadand2writteninthedirectoryfromwhichitisrun. All lenamesspeci edintheLffA;TU>?E1fXinput,including!thenamesofdocumentclass lesspeci edbythe\documentclassY6Bcommand,areinterpretedrelativ٠etothedirectoryfromwhichLffA;TU>?E1fXisrun.IfLffATU>?E1fXdoesnot nda lestartinginthisdirectoryY,Nitlooksinthesystemdirectory/usr/local/tex/texmf/tex/latex.YgoucanchangethedirectoriesinwhichLffA;TU>?E1fXlooksforitsinput lesbysettingtheenvironmentvariableTEXINPUTS8.TxYgouneedtotypeashellcommand:!X㍍Shell?HcommandtotypeffdFfdrc&FTEXINPUTS=(. /home/dracula/texdocs)sh&FTEXINPUTS=.:/home/dracula/texdocs:;exportTEXINPUTScsh&FsetenvTEXINPUTS.:/home/dracula/texdocs:ffdFҍ43ARrҠ.{ThisjcausesLffA;TU>?E1fXtolookfor les rstinthecurrentdirectory(donotne٠glecttospecifya.for thezcurrentdirectoryasthe rstplaceinthelist),Xthenindracula's8stexdocsdirectoryY,andthenin;>thesystemdirectory(thetrailing:impliesthis).1YgoumightwganttodothisifyournameisDraculaandyouhav٠eyourownpersonalpackage lesinyourtexdocsdirectoryY._3.2HowUtousethe/0 pcrr7tdvipscommandThe-8dvipscommandisusedtoconv٠erttheTU>?E1fXoutput leintoPostScript,XandspoolittoaLaserWriterorotherPostScriptprinter(includingscreen-basedPostScriptinterpreterslikgeJGhostScriptorOpenWindows).'VItincludesthefacilitytoincorporatera٠wPostScript lesintoLffA;TU>?E1fX,usinga\specialcommand(seebelowY,section3.2.1).}xItisnormallycon guredtoinvokgelprdirectlyY.Thegdvipsdriv٠erhasaplethoraofcommandlineoptions.LuReadingthroughthissectionwillgiv٠eagoodideaofthecapabilitiesofthedriv٠ers8.Man٠yOVoftheparameterlessoptionscanbeturnedo byimmediatelysuxingtheoptionwitha4zero(0);MWforinstance,C5toturno pagerev٠ersalifitisturnedonbydefgault,use-r0.;#Theoptionsthatcanbeturnedo inthiswgayare-a,-f,-k,-i,-m,-q,-r,-s,-E,-F37,-K,-M,-N,-U,and-Z. Thisisahandysummaryoftheoptions;itisprintedoutwhenyourundvipswithnoargu-ments.10 pcrr7tThisffisdvipsk5.58aCopyright1986,1994RadicalEyeSoftwareUsage:ffdvips[options]filename[.dvi]ffa* Conservememory,nottime fdy#Multiplybydvimagnificationffb#Pagecopies,forposterse.g. A32Printonlyodd(TeX)pagesffc#UncollatedcopiesKB32Printonlyeven(TeX)pagesffd#DebuggingvC#Collatedcopiesffe#Maxdriftvalue[D#Resolutionfff* Runasfiltera3,E*TrytocreateEPSFffhfAddheaderfileVf`F* Sendcontrol-Datendffi* Separatefilepersection fdK*Pullcommentsfrominclusionsffk* PrintcropmarksPM*Don'tmakefontsffl#LastpagevN* Nostructuredcommentsffm* ManualfeedkOcSet/changepaperoffsetffn#Maximumnumberofpages+30PsLoadconfig.$sffofOutputfilekR32Runsecurelyffp#Firstpageqf^S#Maxsectionsizeinpagesffq* RunquietlykTcSpecifydesiredpagesizeffr* Reverseorderofpages0U*Disablestringparamtrickffs* Encloseoutputinsave/restoreV*SenddownloadablePSfontsasPKfftsPaperformatfX#Horizontalresolutionffx#OverridedvimagnificationY#VerticalresolutionfXZ* Compressffbitmapfontsffpp#-#First-lastpage#ff=number32f=files=string *=suffix,`0'toturnoffcff=comma-separateddimensionpair(e.g.,3.2in,-32.1cm)The_e-E_,optionmakgesdvipsattempttogenerateanEPSF lewithatightboundingbox. ThisOonlywgorksonone-page les,#anditonlylooksatmarksmadebycharactersandrules,notbyۺan٠yincludedgraphics.gInaddition,itgetstheglyphmetricsfromthetfm le,socharactersthatlieoutsidetheirenclosingtfmboxmayconfuseit.Inaddition,theboundingboxmightbea{bittoolooseifthecharacterglyphhassigni cantleftorrightsidebearings.3Nonetheless,thisoptionwgorkswellforcreatingsmallEPSF lesforequationsortablesorthelike.ҍ5HrARrҠ.{2l phvr7t3.2.1 =VUsingǧthe`eps g'packageIfyouwganttoincludeaPostScriptgraphicintoaLffA;TU>?E1fX le,Nusethe\epsfigpackagewith, e.g.:\documentclass{article}\usepackage{epsfig}NowY,,atthepointyouwganttoincludethe le,enteralinesuchas\epsfig{figure=foo.ps}.Ifi>your ledidnot(ordoesnotcurrently)hav٠eaboundingboxcomment,myoushouldsupplyitasinthefollowinge٠xample:\epsfig{bbllx=100,bblly=100,bburx=500,bbury=500,file=foo.ps}(in޲thesameorderthe٠ywgouldhavebeeninanormalboundingboxcomment).pNotethatallin-formationY+for\epsfigisincludedinasingleparameter,`separatedbycommas.GNowY,sav٠eyourchanges{andrunTU>?E1fXand\dvips;9theoutputshouldhav٠eyourgraphicpositionedatpreciselythepointyouindicated,withtheproperamountofspacereserv٠ed.TheQe ectofthe\epsffilemacroistotypesetthe gureasaTU>?E1fX\vboxatthepointofthepagethatthecommandise٠xecuted.Bydefgault,8pthegraphicwillhav٠eits`natural'width(namelyY,Lthe?widthofitsboundingbox).>TheTU>?E1fXboxwillhav٠edepthzeroanda`natural'height.F٠or9[graphicsincludedwith\epsfigwherethesizeisgiveninTU>?E1fXdimensions,G|thisscalingwillproducethecorrect,ore٠xpected,results.Ygoucanenlargeorreducethe gurebyputtingwidth=intheparameterof\epsfig.ThenمthewidthoftheTU>?E1fXboxwillbe\anditsheightwillbescaledproportion-atelyY.HAlternativ٠ely6youcanforcetheverticalsizetoaparticularsizewithheight=inPwhichcasetheheightwillbesetandthewidthwillbescaledproportionallyY.NiIfyousetboth,the1aspectratiooftheincludedgraphicwillbedistortedbutbothsizespeci cationswillbehon-ored.ByFdefgault,xclippingisdisabledforincludedEPSFFLimages.Thisisbecauseclippingtotheboundingboxdimensionsoftencutso asmallportionofthe gure,(duetoslightlyinaccurateboundingmboxarguments.Theproblemmightbesubtle;$linesaroundtheboundaryoftheimagemightbehalftheirintendedwidth,0orthetopsorbottomsofsomete٠xtannotationsmightbeslicedo .TxIfyouwganttoturnclippingon,justusetheparameterclip=to\epsfig.4hDocumentcJlassesThenormalarticle,bookandreportclassesdescribedinthemanualareavailable.1~Thereare^threegroupsofpackagge^ lesavailable:Wa)thosesuppliedwithLffA;TU>?E1fX,andendorsedbythemaintainers;b)thoseinitiallydev٠elopedbyFrankMittelbachandRainerSchĞ3opf(sometimesknownasthe`Mainz'packages),ɆandothermembersoftheLffA;TU>?E1fXteam,whichwillde nitelywgork;HthosewrittenanddistributedbyotherLffA;TU>?E1fXuserswhichhav٠ecomeintocommonuse,butwhicharenotsocarefullytested.4Thesepackagesmaya ectthemainlayoutandstyle(e٠g`times',`multicol')oraddnewfgacilities(e٠g`longtable')._4.1`Mainz'Upac“kagesThe#"recent,Kwidely-used,packagesfromMittelbachandSchĞ3opfhav٠etheirowndocumentation,storedwiththesourceofthepackagesindirectoriesoftherelevantnamein/usr/local/tex/texmf/tex/latex/tools.If;youwganttoreadthefulldocumentation,I^copythe lesfromtherelevant;directoryY,I^andlookattherGeadme leforhowtogetaprintout.TxThepackagesare:ҍ6WARrҠ.~荍`fjffGFZ%ffmfwidthg%fffd@νDe nines_acolumnofwidthwidth.,Ev٠eryentrywillbecen- @teredginproportiontotherestoftheline.Itissomewhatlikge@\parbox{width}.F%ffffffGFZ fd fdffpfwidthg fdfffd@νEquivalentto\parbox[t]{width}.F fdffffffGFZ fdffbfwidthg fdfffd@νCoincideswith\parbox[b]{width}.F fdffffGFZ ff>fdecl.gfffd@νCanbeusedbeforeanl,r,c,p,moraboption.Itinserts @decl.Txdirectlyinfrontoftheentryofthecolumn.F ff ffffGFZ ff?E1fX.F%ffffffGFZ1ff!fdecl.g1fffd@νCanbeusedan٠ywhereandcorrespondswiththe|option.+The @di erenceisthatdecl.\visinsertedinsteadofav٠erticalline,Tso@this optiondoesn'tsuppressthenormallyinsertedspacebetween@columnsincontrastto@{...}.F1ffffffGFZzdT37able2:TxThenewpreambleoptionsfor`array'array@AnXe٠xtensiverevisionoftheLffA;TU>?E1fXtabularandarraymodesbyFrankMittelbach;ethechief di erencesz#arenewoptionsinthepreamble,{OlistedinT37able2,quotedfromthedocumenta-tion. &Additionallypthereisanewparametercalled\extrarowheight. Ifittakgesapositiv٠elength,VtheEvalueoftheparameterisaddedtothenormalheightofev٠eryrowofthetable,whilep'thedepthwillremainthesame.$Thisisimportantfortableswithhorizontallinesbecausethoselinesnormallytouchthecapitalletters.F٠acilitiesтareavailableforde ningnewcolumnspeci ers,andforcolumnswhichlineuponadecimalpoint.ThisLpackagealsopro٠videsa`longtable'packagewhichimplementsarbitrarily-longmulti-pagePtables.DF٠orsimplemulti-pagetables,Zthesupertabpackagedescribedbelowinsection4.2willprobablysuce.Lftnright&T_apackagewhichsetsfootnotesintheright-handcolumnofatwgocolumnstyle.multicol'ݽPro٠vides(Wa exiblemechanismformultiplecolumnsonapage.M|Anennvironment multicols;aispro٠vided,Iwithaparameterofthenumberofcolumnsdesired.=Thenumberofcolumns(upto10)canbechangedinthemiddleofapage.jܫThisaissetinfourcolumnsacrossthepage, syanda`multi-cols'kisgoingtotakgecare?E1fXis ndingthisuHhardwgork. uHWhat;isthatsounduHhighintheairuHMurmur!ofmaternaluHlamentationҎWholarethoseҎhoodedϾhordesҎswgarmingҎOv٠er!endlessҎplains,stumblingҎincrackgedearthҎRingedW3bythe atҎhorizononly/Whatisthecity/ogverthemountains/Cr٠acksandrGeforms/andMburgstsinthevi-/oletair/ԽF٠allingtowersэtheorem(\newimplementationsoftheoremenvironments.Lvgerbatim+ǖnewY,'morerobust,implementationsofv٠erbatimenvironments,includingfgacilitiesforv٠erbatiminputofatext le.ҍ7gARrҠ.{Someofthesedocumentsarerathertechnical.TxAskforadviceifyoudonotunderstandthem._4.2OtherUpac“kagesSome$commonly-used,morinteresting,packageswhichchangethenormallayoutorstyle,oradd newfgacilities,arepifontOGGiv٠esyouaccesstoZapfDingbats,ifyouhaveaP37ostScriptprinterandusedvips."&i\ pzdrk/\dingSgeneratesaZapfDingbatcharacter;bVithasaparameteroftheDingbatnumber/(seechartp.15below).TxThus\ding{166}generates."&ik/\dingfillp(withtheusualnumericparameter)actslikgeother llingcommands,/but llsthespacewithachosenDingbat mIt*mImImImImImImIlikgethat."&ik/\dinglinegeneratesafreestandinglineofthelittlechaps:Z\{],t*{],{],{],{],{],{],{],{],{],{],{],{],{],{],{],{],"&ik/InevitablyY,M{the$b`dinglist'environmentsetsupanitemizedlist,buthasaDingbatin-/steadofabullet(youarereadingadinglistatthemoment).rotating'BThispackagepro٠videsthreenewenvironments.`Rotate'Z9pro٠videsageneralisedrotationenvironment,awherethetextwillberotated(clock-wise,as6isnormalinPostScript)bythenumberofde٠greesspeci edasaparametertothe environment,butnospecialarrangementismadeto ndspacefortheresult.Notethe%attheendof\begin{rotate}{56}|thisisvitaltoprev٠entaspacegettingintotherotatedte٠xt.StarthereWps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 56 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translateSav٠ewhales ps: currentpoint grestore movetoEndherehҍStartffhere Y\begin{rotate}{56}%SaveffwhalesY\end{rotate}ҍEndffhereKAl4completel9e٠xampleofrotatingtextwithoutleavingspacewgouldthe`Sav٠ethewhale'textwrittenat10de٠greeintervalsroundthecompass.MW37euse`rlap'toensurethatallthetextsareUprintedatthesamepoint./xJusttoshowthatTU>?E1fXcanhandlePostScriptmuckings-aboutproperly.@..XmliGYps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -180 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGYps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -170 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGYps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -160 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGYps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -150 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGYps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -140 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGYps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -130 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGYps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -120 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGYps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -110 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGYps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -100 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -90 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -80 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -70 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -60 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -50 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -40 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -30 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -20 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -10 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGVps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 0 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGWps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 10 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGWps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 20 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGWps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 30 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGWps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 40 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGWps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 50 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGWps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 60 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGWps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 70 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGWps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 80 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGWps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 90 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 100 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 110 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 120 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 130 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 140 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 150 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 160 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetoliGXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 170 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translatesSav٠ethewhale ps: currentpoint grestore movetohҍ\newcount\wang ҍ\newsavebox{\wangtext}ҍ\newdimen\wangspaceҍ\def\wheel#1{\savebox{\wangtext}{#1}%ҍ\wangspace\wd\wangtextҍ\advance\wangspaceffby1cm%ҍ\centerline{%ҍ\rule{0pt}{\wangspace}%ҍ\rule[-\wangspace]{0pt}{\wangspace}%ҍ\wang=-180\loop\ifnum\wang<180ҍ\rlap{\begin{rotate}{\the\wang}%ҍ\rule{1cm}{0pt}#1\end{rotate}}%ҍ\advance\wangffby10\repeat}}ҍ\wheel{Saveffthewhale}ҍ8 yARrҠ.78#I톟"ffff"􉍑Thedfollowinglistislikgedescription,butthelabels aresetinawiderbox:GcatsandbearsareQ2jollygoodcreaturestomakgemone٠yfrom,Zifyoudra٠wgreetingscardsˍvulturesseldomappearonan٠ycards  eas,ticks,mitesandcockroacheshav٠enocredibilityatall,thoughtheydoappearoc-casionally?E1fXtoleav٠espacefortherotatedbox,then`turn'isused:StartheretXps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate -56 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translateSav٠ethewhale<0 ps: currentpoint grestore moveto,hendhere8Startffhere\begin{turn}{-56}% SaveffthewhaleY\end{turn}ffendhereLThefenvironment`Sidewgays'isaspecialcase,settingtherotationtoK`y cmr1090,andleavingthe correctspacefortherotatedbox.<0Starthere QWps: gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 90 neg rotate neg exch neg exch translateSav٠ethewhale<0 ps: currentpoint grestore moveto EndherehҍStartffhere ҍ\begin{sideways}%ҍSaveffthewhaleҍ\end{sideways}ҍEndffhereRZ4.3LocalUmacrosanden“vironmentsA6numberSofusefulmacrosandenvironmentsarepro٠videdinasingle lelocal.sty, whichisreadinbythe`localart.sty'style.TxItde nes(atleast)thefollowingcommands:catalogueisanewenvironmentforlists,demonstratedinFig.Tx1.widedescisanewenvironmentforlists,demonstratedinFig.Tx2.screen9isanewenvironmentforquotingcode,demonstratedinFig.$3.The9te٠xtissetinav٠erbatimframetomakgeitstandout.LeslieJLamport's8sallttenvironmentispro٠vided,}whichislikgeverbatimexceptthatthe\,fandgcharactersremainactiv٠e,permittingyoutochangefontetcIn6addition,allthenamesofTU>?E1fX-relatedproductsarepro٠videdasmacros,listedinT37able3.#5hAd$ditional!3{ff ptmr7tBG3Sff ptmrc7tibTy5EXstyle lesInWadditiontothe`plain'and`alpha'style lesforBib32TU>&dE1fXdescribedintheLffA;TU>?EXbook,_anumberofotherstyle lesareavailable:ҍ9 ɠARrҠ.z2I톟ff𘍄ff٘Thedfollowinglistislikgedescription,butthelabels aresetinawiderbox: ::catsandbearsRXareMzjollygoodcreaturestomakgeRXmone٠y from,ifyoudrawgreetingsRXcards ::vulturesRXseldomappearonan٠ycards :: eas,ticks,mitesandcockroaches 0hav٠e4nocredibilityRXat%all,7thoughthe٠ydoappearoccasion-RXallykinliterature,omostfgamouslyintheRXcaseof`archieandmehitabel'CffffffR0VFigure2:TxDemonstrationofwidedescenvironment>̍dbrff\Hff}8䍍ٞCscmtt8psfig:@includingcstr3.ps ٞpsfig:@searchingarticle1.ps\ps@streamforboundingboxٞpsfig:@includingarticle1.psٞpsfig:@searchingarticle2.ps\ps@streamforboundingboxٞpsfig:@includingarticle2.psٞpsfig:@searchingarticle3.ps\ps@streamforboundingboxٞpsfig:@includingarticle3.psٞNo@filecsstyles.ind.ٞ[29]@[30][31][32][33][34][35](csstyles.aux)ٞLaTeX@Warning:Label(s)mayhavechanged.Reruntogetcross-referencesright.ٞ(see@thetranscriptfileforadditionalinformation)[|ffffff\Hf\ֽFigure3:TxDemonstrationofscreenenvironmentR10 ҠARrҠ.*j~uff0fd fffd\SLiTeXHffSYL38[iTU>?E1fX[ ff  fffd\SliTeXHffSYL38[iTU>?E1fX[ ff fffd\slitexHffSYL38[iTU>?E1fX[ ff fffd\PiCTeXHffPП?IaJCfTU>?E1fX ff fffd\pictexHffPП?IaJCfTU>?E1fX ff fffd\AmSTeXHffAU>?M S-TU>?E1fX7 ff fffd\AMSTeXHffAU>?M S-TU>?E1fX7 ff fffd\AMSTEXHffAU>?M S-TU>?E1fX7 ff fffd\amstexHffAU>?M S-TU>?E1fX7 ff fffd\BIBTeXHffBib32TU>&dE1fX7j ff fffd\BibTeXHffBib32TU>&dE1fX7j ff fffd\bibtexHffBib32TU>&dE1fX7j ff fffd\METAFONTHffo> logo10METAF9ONT ff fffd\MetafontHffMETAF9ONT ff fffd\metafontHffMETAF9ONT ff fffd\MFHffMETAF9ONT ff fffd\latexHffLffA;TU>?E1fX%C# ff fffd\TeXsisHffTU>?E1fXsis ? ff fffd\UnixHffUnix$m ff fffd\unixHffUnix$m ff fffd\PSHffPostScript ffff0JiRfT37able3:TxMacrostoprintvariousTU>?E1fXnames/NKu"L͉ffפfd fffdMaggstep4\GF/PK]#PXL}#point ffffס fffd.94\270]#1350}#9N ff  fffd14\300]#1500}#10N ff fffd1.0954\329]#1643}#11N ff fffd1.24\360]#1800}#12N ff fffd1.4404\432]#2160}#14N ff fffd1.7284\518]#2592}#17N ff fffd2.0734\622]#3110}#20N ff fffd2.4884\746]#3732}#24N ffff׎E}ZT37able4:TxRelationshipbetweenfontsizeconv٠entionsacmgeneratesthestylesuitableforsubmissiontotheACMieeetrޟgeneratesstyleforIEEETRapalikge$iseageneric`naturalscience'stylethatisessentiallyHarvard.Ygoumustusepackage apalikeifyouintendtousethisbibliograph7ystyle.6hFontsAv٠erylargenumberoffontsareavailabletoyou,AbothonesgeneratedbyMETAF9ONT,whichshouldpbeavailablean٠ywhere,s8andthePostScriptonesifyouhav٠eaPostScriptprinter(see6.1below).Incaseyouarecuriousabouttherelationshipbetweenmagni cation,kpointsize, lenameetc,T37able4mayhelp.R11 ARrҠ.{6.1UsingU4S ptmrc7tPostScriptfontsAnumberofspecialpackagesareavailableifyouknowthatoutputisgoingtoaPostScript printer:~forinstance,usingpackagepalatinowillmakgeLffA;TU>?E1fXuseP٠alatinoforRoman,ABvantGardeGforSansSerif,YCourierforT37ypewriters8.]MSimilarpackagesareavailableforTgimes(timespackage),NewCenturySchoolbook(newcen).IngeneralPostScriptfontsaretobepre-ferred,VwsinceLtheComputerModernRomanfontsdonotreproducewellona300dpiLaserWriters8.Ygou+shouldnot$:usetheDVI output lesonothersystemsorsendthemtoothersites;1@theorigi-nalوLffA;TU>?E1fXsourceis,howev٠er,totallyوstandard,andcanbehappilydistributedtootherTU>?E1fXusers(whowillsimplygettheCMRfontswhenthe٠yprintbyremovingthepackage).EBEWAREthatyoumaygetproblemsifyouusealotofmathematics:zpthemathsfontsweredesignedtogowithKnuth's8sComputerModernRoman,andmaynotlookgoodwithP٠alatinoorTgimes.Ygouarerec-ommended2toconsiderusingpureComputerModernRomanifyouareaheavymathsuser,_9orpurchasetheLucidaBrightandLucidaNewMath,orMathTgime,fonts.ExamplesofcommonPostScripttypefgacesare:>hF٠amilypag(ABvantGarde)>h/62 pagk7tptmWhat~/isthatsoundhighintheair /Mur@}mur~/ofmater0`nallamentation/Who~/arethosehoodedhor0desswar@}ming/Over~/endlessplains.,stumblingincracvked~/ear.th/Ringed~/bythe athor.izononly/76 pagd7tWha tisthecityoverthemountains/82 pagko7tCracvks~/andrefor@}msandbur.stsinthevioletair/Falling~/tower.sF٠amilypbk(Bookman)>h/:b pbkl7tptmWhatDisthatsoundhighintheair/MurGimurDofmaternallamentation/WhoDarethosehoodedhordesswarGiming/OverDendlessplains,stumblingincrackedearth/RingedDbythe athorizononly/;@\ pbkd7tWhatVisthecityoverthemountains/h/=l phvr7tptmWhat}isthatsoundhighintheair/Mur9mur}ofmaternallamentation/Who}arethosehoodedhordesswvar9ming/Ovfer}endlessplainsv,stumblingincrackedear\#th/Ringed}bythe athor"izvononly/>e9V phvb7tWhat}isthecityoverthemountains/?l phvro7tCracks}andrefor9msandburstsinthevioletair/Falling}tovwersF٠amilypnc(NewCenturySchoolbook)>h/Ae pncr7tAptmWhat}isthatsoundhighintheair/Murmur}ofmaternallamentation/Who}arethosehoodedhordessw֋arming/Over}endlessplainsf,stumblingincrackedearth/Ringed}bythe athorizononly/BZ pncb7tBWhat?isthecityoverthemountains/CU* pncri7tCCrac֋ks}andreformsandburstsinthevioletair/AFjCalling}towersR12 ARrҠ.{F٠amilyppl(Palatino)/Ez pplr7tEptmWhat@isthatsoundhighintheair /Murmur@ofmaternallamentation/Who@ar֋ethosehoodedhordesswarming/Over@endlessplains,stumblingincrackedearth/Ringed@bythe athorizononly/FFb pplb7tFWhat@isthecityoverthemountains/Gm_b pplri7tGCracks@andr֋eformsandburstsinthevioletair/EFalling@towersF٠amilyptm(Tgimes)/03{ ptmr7tptmWhat@isthatsoundhighintheair/Murmur@ofmaternallamentation/Who@arethosehoodedhordesswarming/Ovver@endlessplains,stumblingincrackedearth/Ringed@bythe athorizononly/Hߌ ptmb7tHWhat@isthecityover@themountains/IKj ptmri7tICrvacks@andreformsandburstsinthevioletair/Fvalling@tofwersF٠amilypcr(Courier)/ptmWhatffisthatsoundhighintheair/Murmurffofmaternallamentation/Whoffarethosehoodedhordesswarming/Overffendlessplains,stumblingincrackedearth/Ringedffbytheflathorizononly/J0 pcrb7tJWhatffisthecityoverthemountains/K0 pcrro7tKCracksffandreformsandburstsinthevioletair/FallingfftowersOne\particularfontismorediculttouse,cthecollectionofsymbolscalledZapfDingbats.HA chartGofDingbatsisgiv٠enintable6.ASeep.8fordetailsofapackagewhichletsyoueasilyaccessthisfont.IfyoubuyotherPostScriptfonts,Dyouwill ndthatyouaresuppliedwiththefontitselfandRafontmetric le.)mThelattercanbeconv٠ertedtoaTU>?E1fXfontmetric le,Cfandthefonteitherdownloaded6permanentlytoaprinter,dporsentwithev٠eryjob.xThedetailsofthisofbeyondthescopeofthisguide,andyouareadvisedtoconsultthesupportteam.7hPreȽviewersPreviewingyouroutputbeforeprintingcansav٠elotsofpapers8.TxTherearetwgopossibilities: 1.Use advipreviewers8.The recommendedonesare@dvipagge forthoseusingSunviewY, (andxdviforthoseusingXWindows.`Theformerisfgast,vandhasane٠xcellentinterface,vbutitdoes/notsupportsomeofthemoremodernfeaturesofdvidriv٠ers,ûandmaynotreproduceyouroutputaccurately(notatallifyouusePostScriptfonts).mThelatterisrathermorecumbersome,dbutPhasmorefeatures.hInparticular,itcanaccessasetofbitmapv٠ersionsoftheHcommonPostScriptfonts,Swhichallowsusersofpackageslikge`times'toseee٠xactlywhat-the٠yaregetting.],Themanualpagesforthetwgocommandsshouldbeconsultedforusage. 2.NeitherofthepreviewersletsyouseeembeddedPostScriptgraphics, ore ectslikgete٠xtYrotationorgrayshades.KItisthereforeoftendesirabletoruntheoutputthroughdvips(using,the-ooptiontosav٠etheoutput)anduseaPostScriptpreviewers8.8If,youuseSun'sR13~ARrҠ.ey}>͟։ffT'dٛ ff&eLߌ ptmb7tLTEXfontnameFLaserWriterfontnameXٛ ffSTEXfontname/LaserWriterfontname;Pٛ ff@ffT'ffT'ٛ ff&epagdFAhsvantGarde-Demi#ٛ ffSpagdo/AhsvantGarde-DemiOblique ;ٛ ff ٛ ff&epagkFAhsvantGarde-Book$`-ٛ ffSpagko/AhsvantGarde-BookOblique|ԟٛ ffٛ ff&epbkdFBookman-Demi+ ٛ ffSpbkdi/Bookman-DemiItalic#gٛ ffٛ ff&epbklFBookman-Light+Tٛ ffSpbkli/Bookman-LightItalic$ٛ ffٛ ff&epcrbFCourier -Bold4,ٛ ffSpcrbo/Courier -BoldOblique#Iٛ ffٛ ff&epcrrFCourierF=Sٛ ffSpcrro/Courier -Oblique2ٛ ffٛ ff&ephvbFHelvMetica-Bold-zٛ ffSphvbo/HelvMetica-BoldOblique!ٛ ffٛ ff&ephvrFHelvMetica@$ǟٛ ffSphvro/HelvMetica-Oblique,tٛ ffٛ ff&epnbbFNewBaskerville-Bold1-ٛ ffSpnbbi/NewBaskerville-BoldItalicٛ ffٛ ff&epnbrFNewBaskerville-Romanٛ ffSpnbri/NewBaskerville-Italic!33ٛ ffٛ ff&epncbFNewCenturySchlbk-Bold Mٛ ffSpncbi/NewCenturySchlbk-BoldItalicٛ ffٛ ff&epncrFNewCenturySchlbk-Romanٛ ffSpncri/NewCenturySchlbk-ItalicSٛ ffٛ ff&epplbFPMalatino-Bold2Z ٛ ffSpplbi/PMalatino-BoldItalic*ٛ ffٛ ff&epplrFPMalatino-Roman*ٛ ffSpplri/PMalatino-Italic:\ٛ ffٛ ff&epsyrFSymbolEȔٛ ffSptmb/TSimes-BoldAٛ ffٛ ff&eptmbiFTSimes-BoldItalic(Kٛ͟ ffSptmr/TSimes-Roman:Mٛ ffٛ ff&eptmriFTSimes-Italic7 ٛ ffSpzcmi/ZapfChancery-MediumItalic ٛ ffٛ ff&epzdrFZapfDingbats2 ٛ ffSٛ ffffT'ksQT37able5:TxNamesforcommonPostScriptfontsinTU>?E1fXOpenWindows,,this Lincludesthepagge٠view Lcommandtoshowan٠yPostScript le.]The public!domainGhostscript(gs)isratherfgasterandmorereliable,buthasapoorinterface.ItisenhancedbytheGhostVfgiew(ghostvie٠w)commandwhicho ersagoodinterfgaceandcallsonghostscripttodothewgork.f{8hRelatedsoftwareThereGisawidevarietyofsupportingorrelatedsoftwgareavailable;abriefdescriptionisgiv٠enbelow͢ofcommandswhichmaybeofinterest.=^Unixmanualpagesarepro٠videdforallofthese;notethatyoumustadd/usr/local/mantoyourmanpathtoaccesssomeofthese:RtexPlainTU>?E1fX.QThefollowingcommandsareforseriousTU>?E1fXniciansonly:㩍MakgeTeXPK?E1fXwhichcanreadh7yphenationpatternsandwriteformat lespatgen!ȽgenerateaTU>?E1fXh7yphenation lefromlistofhyphenatedwgordspktogf#Gconv٠ert.pkfont leto.gfformpktype$ lista.pkfont leinhuman-readableformpltotfTgconv٠erta.pl(humanreadable)fontmetric leto.tfmtangleconv٠ert.web lestocompilablePascaltftoplgconv٠erta.tfmfontmetric leto.pl(humanreadable)formR14gARrҠ.vPQo3;ff*< LτLffLff@132Lff s2M\ pzdrM 4\LτLffLff=(80 LτLffWMPlLτLffLfftۄ160LτLff6LτLffLff208LτLffFMЎ]pLτLffLff5ff*<1Lτ ff ff133@ ff s2M!4\Lτ ff ff=(81 Lτ ffWMQlLτ ff fftۄ161Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff209Lτ ffFMю]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff134@ ff s2M"4\Lτ ff ff=(82 Lτ ffWMRlLτ ff fftۄ162Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff210Lτ ffFMҎ]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff135@ ff s2M#4\Lτ ff ff=(83 Lτ ffWMSlLτ ff fftۄ163Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff211Lτ ffFMӎ]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff136@ ff s2M$4\Lτ ff ff=(84 Lτ ffWMTlLτ ff fftۄ164Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff212Lτ ffFMԎ]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff137@ ff s2M%4\Lτ ff ff=(85 Lτ ffWMUlLτ ff fftۄ165Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff213Lτ ffFMՎ]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff138@ ff s2M&4\Lτ ff ff=(86 Lτ ffWMVlLτ ff fftۄ166Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff214Lτ ffFM֎]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff139@ ff s2M'4\Lτ ff ff=(87 Lτ ffWMWlLτ ff fftۄ167Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff215Lτ ffFM׎]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff140@ ff s2M(4\Lτ ff ff=(88 Lτ ffWMXlLτ ff fftۄ168Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff216Lτ ffFM؎]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff141@ ff s2M)4\Lτ ff ff=(89 Lτ ffWMYlLτ ff fftۄ169Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff217Lτ ffFMَ]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff142@ ff s2M*4\Lτ ff ff=(90 Lτ ffWMZlLτ ff fftۄ170Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff218Lτ ffFMڎ]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff143@ ff s2M+4\Lτ ff ff=(91 Lτ ffWM[lLτ ff fftۄ171Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff219Lτ ffFMێ]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff144@ ff s2M,4\Lτ ff ff=(92 Lτ ffWM\lLτ ff fftۄ172Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff220Lτ ffFM܎]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff145@ ff s2M-4\Lτ ff ff=(93 Lτ ffWM]lLτ ff fftۄ173Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff221Lτ ffFMݎ]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff146@ ff s2M.4\Lτ ff ff=(94 Lτ ffWM^lLτ ff fftۄ174Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff222Lτ ffFMގ]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff147@ ff s2M/4\Lτ ff ff=(95 Lτ ffWM_lLτ ff fftۄ175Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff223Lτ ffFMߎ]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff148@ ff s2M04\Lτ ff ff=(96 Lτ ffWM`lLτ ff fftۄ176Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff224Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff149@ ff s2M14\Lτ ff ff=(97 Lτ ffWMalLτ ff fftۄ177Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff225Lτ ffFM᎒]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff150@ ff s2M24\Lτ ff ff=(98 Lτ ffWMblLτ ff fftۄ178Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff226Lτ ffFM⎒]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff151@ ff s2M34\Lτ ff ff=(99 Lτ ffWMclLτ ff fftۄ179Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff227Lτ ffFM㎒]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff152@ ff s2M44\Lτ ff ff=(100Lτ ffWMdlLτ ff fftۄ180Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff228Lτ ffFM䎒]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff153@ ff s2M54\Lτ ff ff=(101Lτ ffWMelLτ ff fftۄ181Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff229Lτ ffFM厒]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff154@ ff s2M64\Lτ ff ff=(102Lτ ffWMflLτ ff fftۄ182Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff230Lτ ffFM排]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff155@ ff s2M74\Lτ ff ff=(103Lτ ffWMglLτ ff fftۄ183Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff231Lτ ffFM玒]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff156@ ff s2M84\Lτ ff ff=(104Lτ ffWMhlLτ ff fftۄ184Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff232Lτ ffFM莒]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff157@ ff s2M94\Lτ ff ff=(105Lτ ffWMilLτ ff fftۄ185Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff233Lτ ffFM鎒]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff158@ ff s2M:4\Lτ ff ff=(106Lτ ffWMjlLτ ff fftۄ186Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff234Lτ ffFMꎒ]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff159@ ff s2M;4\Lτ ff ff=(107Lτ ffWMklLτ ff fftۄ187Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff235Lτ ffFM뎒]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff160@ ff s2M<4\Lτ ff ff=(108Lτ ffWMllLτ ff fftۄ188Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff236Lτ ffFM쎒]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff161@ ff s2M=4\Lτ ff ff=(109Lτ ffWMmlLτ ff fftۄ189Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff237Lτ ffFM펒]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff162@ ff s2M>4\Lτ ff ff=(110Lτ ffWMnlLτ ff fftۄ190Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff238Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff163@ ff s2M?4\Lτ ff ff=(111Lτ ffWMolLτ ff fftۄ191Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff239Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff164@ ff s2M@4\Lτ ff ff=(112Lτ ffWMplLτ ff fftۄ192Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff240Lτ ff]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff165@ ff s2MA4\Lτ ff ff=(113Lτ ffWMqlLτ ff fftۄ193Lτ ffM6Lτ ff ff241Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff166@ ff s2MB4\Lτ ff ff=(114Lτ ffWMrlLτ ff fftۄ194Lτ ffMŽ6Lτ ff ff242Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff167@ ff s2MC4\Lτ ff ff=(115Lτ ffWMslLτ ff fftۄ195Lτ ffMÎ6Lτ ff ff243Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff168@ ff s2MD4\Lτ ff ff=(116Lτ ffWMtlLτ ff fftۄ196Lτ ffMĎ6Lτ ff ff244Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff169@ ff s2ME4\Lτ ff ff=(117Lτ ffWMulLτ ff fftۄ197Lτ ffMŎ6Lτ ff ff245Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff170@ ff s2MF4\Lτ ff ff=(118Lτ ffWMvlLτ ff fftۄ198Lτ ffMƎ6Lτ ff ff246Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff171@ ff s2MG4\Lτ ff ff=(119Lτ ffWMwlLτ ff fftۄ199Lτ ffMǎ6Lτ ff ff247Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff172@ ff s2MH4\Lτ ff ff=(120Lτ ffWMxlLτ ff fftۄ200Lτ ffMȎ6Lτ ff ff248Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff173@ ff s2MI4\Lτ ff ff=(121Lτ ffWMylLτ ff fftۄ201Lτ ffMɎ6Lτ ff ff249Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff174@ ff s2MJ4\Lτ ff ff=(122Lτ ffWMzlLτ ff fftۄ202Lτ ffMʎ6Lτ ff ff250Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff175@ ff s2MK4\Lτ ff ff=(123Lτ ffWM{lLτ ff fftۄ203Lτ ffMˎ6Lτ ff ff251Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff176@ ff s2ML4\Lτ ff ff=(124Lτ ffWM|lLτ ff fftۄ204Lτ ffM̎6Lτ ff ff252Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff177@ ff s2MM4\Lτ ff ff=(125Lτ ffWM}lLτ ff fftۄ205Lτ ffM͎6Lτ ff ff253Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff178@ ff s2MN4\Lτ ff ff=(126Lτ ffWM~lLτ ff fftۄ206Lτ ffMΎ6Lτ ff ff254Lτ ffFM]pLτ ff ffff*<Lτ ff ff179@ ff s2MO4\Lτ ff ff=(127Lτ fflLτ ff fftۄ207Lτ ffMώ6Lτ ff ff255Lτ ff]pLτ ff ffff*<#T37able6:TxDingbatChartR15.ARrҠ.{vftogvp conv٠ert.vfvirtualfont lesto.vpl(humanreadable)formvptogvf conv٠ert.vpl(humanreadable)formvirtualfont lesto.vfformweavgeconv٠ert.web lesto.tex lesforprintingAJoiningtheTyԒEgyXandLفTe9V phvb7tTAFTyԒEXCommJunityThanksitothegenerosityofDonKnuthandLeslieLamport,andcontributionsfromman٠yindi- vidualsaroundthewgorld,TU>?E1fX,METAF9ONTandLffA;TU>?EXareavailable,andinthepublicdomain,on>machinesrangingfrommicrocomputerslikgetheIBMPCand>theAppleMacintosh,"tolargemainframes.Actual)implementationsoftheseprogramsusuallycostsomemone٠yY,2butonlybe-causeacertaine٠xpenditureofhumane ortisrequiredtoprepareasmoothly-functioninginstal-lation.Thereisalargeandactiv٠eTU>?E1fXUsersGroup,TUG,whichmeetsev٠erysummer,andwhichpublishes,fane٠xcellentquarterlyjournal,WTUGboa/t,which,faveragesabout200pagesperyears8.MembershipinTUGcostsonlyabout$50ayear, andorderformsformembership,backissues,andotherTU>?E1fXpublicationsareavailablefromtheTU>?EXUsersGroup,)P.O.Box869,SantaBar-bara,CA93102,USA.TLelephone805-899-4673.TxEmail(Internet)tug@tug.orgImmediately beforeandafterthesummerconference,HtherearewgorkshopsandtutorialsfornewY,Fintermediate,and8advancedusers,Fandvideotapesofsev٠eralofthemareavailableforrentorpurchasenthroughTUG.Ifsucientlocalinterestandsupporte٠xists,JTUGVwillalsocoordinatetheholdingoflocalon-sitewgorkshopstotrainpeopleintheuseofTU>?E1fXandLffA;TU>?EX._A.1UKUT#SEXusersTheUKTU>?E1fXUsersGroupo ersajointmembershipwithinternationalTUG,publishesanewslet-ter,andhasre٠gularwgorkshopmeetings.Mailp.abbott@aston.ac.ukfordetails.ItisalsowcloselyassociatedwiththeUK+TU>?E1fXArchiv٠eatAstonUniv٠ersityY.Thisisahugecollec-tion|ofTU>?E1fX-relatedmaterialwhichmayhav٠ewhatyouwgant.Ygoucanaccessitusingftptositeftp.te٠x.ac.uk(134.151.40.18).LocalTU>?E1fXuserswithaccesstoUsenetnewsandbecomingaddictedtoTU>?EXshouldalsoreadcomp.text.tex,butbewgarnedthatthisisahigh-volumenewsgroupandcangetquitetechnical.R16(JARrҠ. -IndeȽxYWBĨACM,11 arrayY.sty,7ABvantGarde,12Bookman,12Courier,13font ABvantGarde,12Bookman,12Courier,13Helv٠etica,12NewCenturySchoolbook,12P٠alatino,13Tgimes,13Harvardbibliograph7ystyle,11Helv٠etica,12IEEE,11multicol.styY,7NewCenturySchoolbook,12packagesarrayY,7multicol,7rotate,8P٠alatino,13rotating.styY,8Tgimes,13R173;yTe9V phvb7tM\ pzdrLߌ ptmb7tK0 pcrro7tJ0 pcrb7tIKj ptmri7tHߌ ptmb7tGm_b pplri7tFFb pplb7tEz pplr7tCU* pncri7tBZ pncb7tAe pncr7t?l phvro7t>e9V phvb7t=l phvr7t logo10 !", cmsy10K`y cmr106