; TeX output 1996.04.29:1737l'K`y cmr10THEUUCIR*THq?TheSa"p0J cmsl10CerthasDaeronwasoriginallydevisedtorepresentthesoundsofSindarin ?only*.fThe4poldestcirthwereH)McirthHpZcmr51g ,;Hb2,H5,Hm6;?gHt8,Hd9,Hn12@;?gHk18,Hg19,HN22;?gHr29,Hl31;?gHS35,?Hz36@;#Hi39,Hu42,He46,Ho50;#and acerthvqaryingbGetween H13 andH15@.XTheassignment?of-vqalueswasunsystematic.NHi39@,٢Hu42,He46 mand-Ho50werevowelsandremainedso?in/=alllaterdevelopments.H13 }and/=H15wereusedforhors,eaccordingasHS35?wasQusedforsorh.Thistendencytohesitateintheassignmentofvqaluesfor?sLandhcontinuedLinlaterarangements.nInthosecharactersthatconsistedofa?`stem'p!anda`branch',vHp1g {Hl31@,thep!attachmentofthebranchwas,vifononeside?only*,"usuallymadeontherightside.tThereversewasnotinfrequent,"buthad?noUUphoneticsigni cance.NTheextensionandelabGorationofthiscerthaswascalledinitsolderformthe?AngerthasDaeron,sincetheadditionstotheoldcirthandtheirre-organization?wasCattributedtoDaeron. Theprincipaladditions,>however,theCintroGductions?oftwonewseries,H13@{H17,andH 23{H28,wereactuallymostprobablyinventions?of_theNoldorofEregion,bsincetheywereusedfortherepresentationofsounds?notUUfoundinSindarin.NInahtherearrangementoftheAngerthasthefollowingprinciplesareobservqable?(evidentlyinspiredbytheFGeanoriansystem):/(1)addingastroketoabrance?added&a`voice';;(2)reversingthecerthindicatedopGeningtoa`spirant';;(3)?placingthebranchonbGothsidesofthestemaddedvoiceandnasality*.pThese?principleswereregularlycarriedout,ŚexceptinonepGoint.5F*or(archaic)Sindarin?asignforaspirantm(ornasalv)wasrequired,RandsincethiscouldbGestbe?providedvbyareversalofthesignform,ݾthereversibleHm6)wasgiventhevqalue?m,UUbutH5uwasgiventhevqaluehw.NHz36@,thejxtheoreticvqalueofwhichwaszwasused,inspGellingSindarinor?Quenya,`for^Hss:cf.FGeanorian31.Hi39 ,wasusedforeitherioryconsonant);bHs34@,?HS35 wereusedindi erentlyfors;andH38 wasusedforthefrequentsequencend,?althoughUUitwasnotclearlyrelatedinshapGetothedentals.yNIntheT*ableofValuesthoseontheleftare,^whensepGeratedby{,thevqal-?uesҨoftheolderAngerthas.ThoseontherightarethevqalueoftheDwarvish?AngerthasMoria^ٓRcmr71|s.JTheDwarvesofMoria,gascanbGeseen,introGducedanumbGer?ofnunsystematicchangesinvqalue,%aswellascertainnewcirth:H37@,%Hy40,H41,?H 53@,|H55,H56.!YThedisloGcationinvqalueswasduetomainlytwocauses:(1)the?alterationinthevqaluesofHs34@,HS35,Hh54 1respGectivelytoh,(theclearorglottal?bGeginningJ ofaworkwithaninitialvowelthatappGearedinKhuzdul),:ands;?(2)theabandonmentoftheHj14@,!H16 $forwhichtheDwarvessubstitutdeHr29@,!H30.?Theconsequentuseof12forr,theinventionofH 53 5forn(anditsconfusionwith?HN22@);[the^useofH17 Ҟasz,togowithHh54initsvqalues,andtheconsequentuseof?Hz36 ZasMnandthenewcerthH37forngmayalsobGeobserved.o ThenewH55@,NH56?were8inoriginahalvedformofHe46@,andwereusedforvowelslikethoseheard?#_ffv J= "5-:Aacmr61L|{Ycmr8ThoseXin()arevaluesonlyfoundinElvishuse: 2cmmi8?marks1*l'?inNKEnglishbutter,OwhichwerefrequentinDwarvishandintheW*estron.onWhen ?weakorevqanescenttheywereoftenreducedtoamerestrokewithoutastem.?ThisUUAngerthasMoriaisrepresentedinthetomb-inscription.NTheDwarvesofErebGorusedafurthermodi cationofthissystem,known?asthemoGdeorErebor,(4andexmpli edintheBookorMazarbul.FItschief?characteristicsGwere:'theuseofHU43 ~asz;ݿofH17asks(x);ݿandtheinventionof?twonewcirth,0H57@,H58 forpsandts.TheyalsoreintroGducedHj14,0H16 forthe?vqaluesj,Yzh;butusedHr29@,H30 2forg,gh,orasmerevqariantsofHg19@,H 21.These?pGeculiaritiesarenotincludedinthetable,GexceptforthespecialEreboriancirth,?H57@,UUH58.ƝP- cmcsc10PtheangerUTthasÅtUTableofvralues]ffffd͟ ff͟fdo cmr91Hp ff-16D,H) ffV31s!,Hl  ff,46YHe џ ff͟ ff͟fd2Hb@q ff-17CH ffV32s!,H  ff,47YHE џ ff͟ ff͟fd3Hf ff-18DzHktɟ ffV33r`tH F- ff,48YHa џ ff͟ ff͟fd4Hv@q ff-19DT@HgN= ffV34rHs џ ff,49YHA џ ff͟ ff͟fd5?H͟ ff-20DzHtɟ ffV35rHS џ ff,50 Ho l ff͟ ff͟fd6Hm ff-21DT@H N= ffV36qHz u ff,51lHO͟ ff͟ ff͟fd7H ff-22CHN ffV37r9H  ff,52oHϭ ff͟ ff͟fd8Ht ff-23CH  ffV38kH͟ ff,53H  ff͟ ff͟fd9Hd ff-24CH  ffV39sHi ǝ ff,54Hh  ff͟ ff͟fd10H ff-25CH  ffV40sHy gA ff,55H  ff͟ ff͟fd11H ff-26CH  ffV41sH gA ff,56H  ff͟ ff͟fd12?Hn͟ ff-27BH͟ ffV42s!,Hu  ff,57YH џ ff͟ ff͟fd13H@q ff-28CH ffV43rHU џ ff,58YH џ ff͟ ff͟fd14Hj@q ff-29DT@HrN= ffV44rHw џ ffdc z ff͟ ff͟fd15H@q ff-30DT@HN= ffV45pxH 1 ff,&YH& џ ffff̍uffȟfd͟ ff͟fd1*qpB ffJ16hzhΟ ffG31xl ff146xe  ff͟ ff͟fd2*qbB ffJ17dnj{z  ffG32Dzlhz ff1471DzGe  ff͟ ff͟fd3+\qfB ffJ18j㎲k@ ffG33ng{nd͟ ff1481Dza Ο ff͟ ff͟fd4*?vП ffJ19kg Ο ffG34qs{h $ ff1491Dza Ο ff͟ ff͟fd5&hw0^ ffJ20hqkh"# ffG35s{' E ff1501Dzo Ο ff͟ ff͟fd6(mE ffJ21h?ghE ffG36z{n ů ff1511Dzo Ο ff͟ ff͟fd7?(mh)mb͟ ffJ22emn{n  ffG37Hng^ 0ercmmi7?'z ff1521Dzo Ο ff͟ ff͟fd8*Ʋt~ ffJ23gGkw LΟ ffG38nd{njű ff153ڞ8n^? # ff͟ ff͟fd9*qdB ffJ24gjgw p\ ffG39Ʋi(y) 7y ff154qƲh{s͟ ff͟ ff͟fd10(*thz ffJ25dkhw ? ffG40qy^? ff1551 b> cmmi10? Ο ff͟ ff͟fd11'UTdh% ffJ26_ghw,w͟ ffG41Hhy^?'z ff1561ǵ? Ο ff͟ ff͟fd12%n{r3 ffJ27dngw ? ffG42Uu[ ff157إUps^? @ ff͟ ff͟fd13(ch ffJ28gGnw LΟ ffG43\ru[ ff158zts^? n ff͟ ff͟fd14+\qjB ffJ29gr{j \ ffG44@w ff+hb" ff͟ ff͟fd15(#sh^ ffJ30aJrh{zhP[ ffG45\ru[ ff8& )? ffffȎ2Πl'?#"V cmbx10USINGTTHECIR THFR9OMT<8E3sX ?Thenameofthefont,asdistributed,is$ cmmi10 0ercmmi7K`y cmr10ٓRcmr7Zcmr5A