; TeX output 1997.02.18:1025soINff cmbx121aLTheffDutchlanguageIK`y cmr10The; lede nesallthelanguage-spGeci cmacrosfortheDutchlanguage IandUUthe`Afrikqaans'version^2Ȳofit.XF*or:thislanguagethecharacter"ismadeactive.!Intable1anoverviewisIgivenofitspurpGose.OneofthereasonsforthisisthatintheDutchlanguageIa}wordwithadieresiscanbGehyphenatedjustbGeforetheletterwiththeumlaut,Ibut &thedieresishastodisappGearifthewordisbrokenbGetweenthepreviousletterIandUUtheaccentedletter.XIn["V cmbx10?n7]thequotingconventionsfortheDutchlanguagearediscussed. wTheIpreferredconventionisthesingle-quoteAnglo-Americanconvention,i.e.>`ThisisIaquote'.JZAnalternativeistheslightlyold-fashionedDutchmethoGdwithinitialIdouble2quoteslowered2tothebaseline,ԩ"nHThisisaquote",ԩwhichshouldbGetypGedIasUU"`This?isaquote"'.rrd}pe"a_\"aWwhichhyphenatesas-a;ػalsoimplementedfor_theUUotherletters.}pe"y_putsUUanegativekernbGetweeniandj}pe"Y_putsUUanegativekernbGetweenIandJ}pe"|_disableUUligatureatthispGosition.}pe"-_anexplicithyphensign,allowinghyphenationinthe_restUUoftheword.}pe"~_to8&proGduceahyphencharcter8&withoutthefollowing_\discretionary{}{}{}.}pe""_toUUproGduceaninvisible`breakpoint'.}pe"`_loweredUUdoubleleftquotes(seeexamplebGelow).}pe"'_normalUUdoublerightquotes.}pe\-_like7theold\-,=butallowinghyphenationintherest_ofUUtheword.cqǍCT*ableUU1:qTheextrade nitionsmadebyxdutch.ldfLs1SߤN cmtt9%\changes{dutch-3.8a}{1996/10/04}{madecheckdependanton Ls2S%X\cs{CurrentOption}}Ls3S%Ls4S%XThemacro|\LdfInit|takescareofpreventingthatthisfileisLs5S%Xloadedmorethanonce,checkingthecategorycodeoftheLs6S%X\texttt{@}sign,etc.Ls7S%\changes{dutch-3.8a}{1996/10/30}{Nowuse\cs{LdfInit}toperformLs8S%Xinitialchecks}Ls9S%X\begin{macrocode}I10S cmsy9how cmss9coAdeiI11S\LdfInit\CurrentOption{captions\CurrentOption}XWhen "5-:2LܽconÎtributedXbySto elLombard(Cscmtt8lombc@b31pc87.up.ac.za)1*soXFirstUUwetrytoestablishwithwhichoptionwearebGeingprocessed.I12S\def\bbl@tempa{dutch} I13S\ifx\CurrentOption\bbl@tempaIIfUUitis!m#R cmss10dutchthenwe rstcheckiftheDutchhyphenationpatternswerloaded,I14]\ifx\l@dutch\undefinedIif}noweissueawarningandmakedutcha`dialect'ofeitherthehyphenation IpatternsUUthatwereloadedinslot0orof`afrikqaans'whenitisavqailable.I15f\@nopatterns{Dutch}I16f\ifx\l@afrikaans\undefinedI17p2\adddialect\l@dutch0I18f\elseI19p2\adddialect\l@dutch\l@afrikaansI20f\fiI21]\fiXThe~nextstepconsistsofde ningcommandstoswitchto(andfrom)theDutch Ilanguage. 6\captionsdutchIThemacro\captionsdutchde nesallstringsusedinthefourstandarddoGcumentIclassesUUprovidedwithL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.I22]\begingroupI23f\catcode`\"\activeI24f\def\x{\endgroupI25p2\def\captionsdutch{%I26yw^\def\prefacename{Voorwoord}%I27yw^\def\refname{Referenties}%I28yw^\def\abstractname{Samenvatting}%I29yw^\def\bibname{Bibliografie}%I30yw^\def\chaptername{Hoofdstuk}%I31yw^\def\appendixname{B"ylage}%I32yw^\def\contentsname{Inhoudsopgave}%I33yw^\def\listfigurename{L"ystvanfiguren}%I34yw^\def\listtablename{L"ystvantabellen}%I35yw^\def\indexname{Index}%I36yw^\def\figurename{Figuur}%I37yw^\def\tablename{Tabel}%I38yw^\def\partname{Deel}%I39yw^\def\enclname{B"ylage(n)}%I40yw^\def\ccname{cc}%I41yw^\def\headtoname{Aan}%I42yw^\def\pagename{Pagina}%I43yw^\def\seename{zie}%I44yw^\def\alsoname{zieook}%I45yw^\def\proofname{Bew"ys}%I46yw^}I47p2}\x\datedutchITheUUmacro\datedutchrede nesthecommand\todaytoproGduceDutchdates.I48]\def\datedutch{%I49f\def\today{\number\day~\ifcase\month\orI50p2januari\orfebruari\ormaart\orapril\ormei\orjuni\orI51p2juli\oraugustus\orseptember\oroktober\ornovember\or2bsoI52p2december\fi I53p2\space\number\year}}XWhentheoptionwithwhichthis leisbGeingprocesswasnotdutchweassume IitӖwasafrikaans.FW*epGerformasimilarcheckontheavqailabilityofthehyphenationIpaterns.I54S\elseI55]\ifx\l@afrikaans\undefinedI56f\@nopatterns{Afrikaans}I57f\ifx\l@dutch\undefinedI58p2\adddialect\l@afrikaans0I59f\elseI60p2\adddialect\l@afrikaans\l@dutchI61f\fiI62]\fi9\captionsafrikaansINowUUisthetimetode nethewordsfor`Afrikqaans'.I63]\def\captionsafrikaans{%I64f\def\prefacename{Voorwoord}%I65f\def\refname{Verwysings}%I66f\def\abstractname{Samevatting}%I67f\def\bibname{Bibliografie}%I68f\def\chaptername{Hoofstuk}%I69f\def\appendixname{Bylae}%I70f\def\contentsname{Inhoudsopgawe}%I71f\def\listfigurename{Lysvanfigure}%I72f\def\listtablename{Lysvantabelle}%I73f\def\indexname{Inhoud}%I74f\def\figurename{Figuur}%I75f\def\tablename{Tabel}%I76f\def\partname{Deel}%I77f\def\enclname{Bylae(n)}%I78f\def\ccname{a.a.}%I79f\def\headtoname{Aan}%I80f\def\pagename{Bladsy}%I81f\def\seename{sien}%I82f\def\alsoname{sienook}%I83f\def\proofname{Bewys}%I84f} 6\dateafrikaansIHereUUisthe`Afrikqaans'versionofthedatemacro.I85]\def\dateafrikaans{%I86f\def\today{\number\day~\ifcase\month\orI87p2Januarie\orFebruarie\orMaart\orApril\orMei\orJunie\orI88p2Julie\or s,Augustus\orSeptember\orOktober\orNovember\orI89p2Desember\fiI90p2\space\number\year}}I91S\fib\extrasdutch \extrasafrikaans 6\noextrasdutch 9\noextrasafrikaansIThemacros\extrasdutchand\captionsafrikaanswillpGerformalltheex- Itra;zde nitionsneededfortheDutchlanguage. $7Themacros\noextrasdutchIandnoextrasafrikaansisusedtocanceltheactionsof\extrasdutchandI\captionsafrikaans.3\soXF*orDutchthe"characterismadeactive.Thisisdoneonce,Slateronits Ide nitionmayvqary*.+OtherlanguagesinthesamedoGcumentmayalsousethe"Icharacterforshorthands;ZwespGecifythatthedutchgroupofshorthandsshouldIbGeUUused.I92S\initiate@active@char{"}IBothversionofthelanguageusethesamesetofshorthandde nitionsalthougtheI`ij'UUisnotusedinAfrikqaans.I93S\@namedef{extras\CurrentOption}{\languageshorthands{dutch}} I94S\expandafter\addto\csnameextras\CurrentOption\endcsname{%I95]\bbl@activate{"}}XThe:`umlaut'charactershouldbGepositionedlower:on#': cmti10allòvowels:inDutchtexts.I96S\expandafter\addto\csnameextras\CurrentOption\endcsname{%I97]\umlautlow\umlautelow}I98S\@namedef{noextras\CurrentOption}{%I99]\umlauthigh} \dutchhyphenmins Ʋ\afrikaanshyphenminsIThedutchhyphenationpatternscanbGeusedwith\lefthyphenminsetto2and I\righthyphenminUUsetto3.E100S\def\dutchhyphenmins{\tw@\thr@@}E101S\def\afrikaanshyphenmins{\tw@\thr@@}3P\@tremaIIn&theDutchlanguagevowelswithatremaaretreatedspGecially*.PIfahyphenation IoGccursƚbeforeavowel-plus-trema,thetremashoulddisappGear.ŕT*obeabletodoIthiswecould rstde nethehyphenationbreakbGehaviourforthe vevowels,bGothIlowercase0KanduppGercase,7intermsof\discretionary.enButthisresultsinalargeI\if-construct inthede nitionoftheactive".HBecausewethinkausershouldnotIuseシ"whenhereallymeanssomethinglike''wechosenottodistinguishbGetweenIvowelsandconsonants.W+Thereforewehaveonemacro\@tremawhichspGeci estheIhyphenationUUbreakbGehaviourforallletters.E102S\def\@trema#1{\allowhyphens\discretionary{-}{#1}{\"{#1}}\allowhyphens}XNowUUwecande nethedoublequotemacros:qthetremas,E103S\declare@shorthand{dutch}{"a}{\textormath{\@tremaa}{\ddota}} E104S\declare@shorthand{dutch}{"e}{\textormath{\@tremae}{\ddote}}E105S\declare@shorthand{dutch}{"i}{\textormathE106]{\allowhyphens\discretionary{-}{i}{\"{\i}}\allowhyphens}%E107]{\ddot\imath}}E108S\declare@shorthand{dutch}{"o}{\textormath{\@tremao}{\ddoto}}E109S\declare@shorthand{dutch}{"u}{\textormath{\@tremau}{\ddotu}}IdutchUUquotes,E110S\declare@shorthand{dutch}{"`}{%E111]\textormath{\quotedblbase{}}{\mbox{\quotedblbase}}}E112S\declare@shorthand{dutch}{"'}{%E113]\textormath{\textquotedblright{}}{\mbox{\textquotedblright}}}IandUUsomeadditionalcommands:E114S\declare@shorthand{dutch}{"-}{\allowhyphens-\allowhyphens}E115S\declare@shorthand{german}{"~}{\textormath{\leavevmode\hbox{-}}{-}}E116S\declare@shorthand{dutch}{"|}{%E117]\textormath{\discretionary{-}{}{\kern.03em}}{}}4"ZsoE118S\declare@shorthand{dutch}{""}{\hskip\z@skip} E119S\declare@shorthand{dutch}{"y}{\textormath{\ij{}}{\ddoty}}E120S\declare@shorthand{dutch}{"Y}{\textormath{\IJ{}}{\ddotY}}5>\-IAllޚthatisleftnowistherede nitionof\-.J4Thenewversionof\-shouldindicate IanextrahyphenationpGosition,twhileallowingotherhyphenationpGositionstobeIgeneratedautomatically*.ThestandardbGehaviourofTU>'ExXinthisrespectisveryIunfortunateT2forlanguagessuchasDutchandGerman,wherelongcompGoundwordsIarequitenormalandalloneneedsisameanstoindicateanextrahyphenationIpGositionontopoftheonesthatTU>'ExXcangeneratefromthehyphenationpatterns.E121S\expandafter\addto\csnameextras\CurrentOption\endcsname{% E122]\babel@save\-}E123S\expandafter\addto\csnameextras\CurrentOption\endcsname{%E124]\def\-{\allowhyphens\discretionary{-}{}{}\allowhyphens}}XThemacro\ldf@finishtakescareofloGokingforacon guration le,setting IthefmainlanguagetobGeswitchedonat\begin{document}andresettingtheIcategoryUUcoGdeofr@toitsoriginalvqalue.E125S\ldf@finish\CurrentOption E126Sh5" cmmi9=coAdei50); #': cmti10!m#R cmss10ow cmss9 cmsy95" cmmi9ߤN cmtt9"V cmbx10Cscmtt8Aacmr6|{Ycmr8