; TeX output 1997.04.01:1601%썒'MNH cmbx12MMusiXTUdE 5XiӍdkN cmbx12cNɌ cmbsy10N "^`NG cmbx12UsingzTc EXtowritep=olyphonic"orzinstrumenutalmusicP}h!ff cmsl12PV4ersion/T.73{April1,19971ٟOXQ ff cmr12ODaniel/X-ff cmcsc10XTqaupinۚY}h! cmsl12YLabSoratoiredePhrysiquedesSolidesTZp0J 3 cmsl10Z(assoMci"DefauCNRS)SLb^fatimen!tf510,CentreUniversitaire,F-91405ORSAeYCedexzXQ cmr12E-mail:8[߆T cmtt12[taupin@lps.u-psud.fr @:4ORoss/XMitchelluYCSIRrODivisionofAtmosphericResearch,w8.ZPrivdDatefBagNo.1,MordialloMc,Victoria3195,[Australia35OAndreas/XEgler\!",ff cmsy10\zoY(Ruhr{Uni{BoScrhum)Ursulastr.832lD-44793BoScrhum0VK cmsy8Vz_': 3 cmti10_F)orrppersonalreasons,A\ndreasEglerdecidedtoretirefromauthorshipofthiswork.- Never- therless,he&hasdoneanimpportantworkaboutthat,andIdecidedtokeephisnameonthis rstppage. v`- 3 cmcsc10`D."T aupin*%qO _IfyouarpenotfamiliarwithT"R[wE)XatalFl ^Iwouldrpecommendto ndanothersoftwarpe#9ppackagetodomusicaltypesetting./SettingupT"R[wE)XandMusiXT"R[wEX!D:onyourmachineandmasteringitisanawesomejobwhichgobblesup$ôalotofyourtimeanddisksppace.IE2But,oncpeyoumasterit...v`Hans"KuykensK`y 3 cmr10Althoughfoneoftheauthorscon!testedthatpMointoncethecommonworkhadbMegun,KMusiXT,[wEB Xfma!ybMefreelycopied,duplicatedandused.However,sinceitisintendedtobMea Zfreew!areCmyoufarenotallo!wedftosellit,andthefeey!oumayaskfordistributingitmustbMe;limitedftomain!tenance,suppMortandduplicationcosts.Yeoumaytakepartsofittoincludein 7otherfpac!kdDages,butnopackdDagescalledMusiXT,[wEB XmaybMedistributedunderthisnameif7di eren!tffromtheoriginaldistribution(exceptobviousbugcorrectionsortextfont~'adaptationsfforspMeci cimplemen!tations).VMusiXT,[wEB Xfma!ybMeincludedinfurthercommercialpackdDages,providedthatnofeeischargedHforfMusiXT,[wEB Xitself.%؍MCon8tentsCUa"V 3 cmbx10a1lWhat2isMusiXT期nEX?8e>5blϹ1.1)1MusiXT,[wEB Xfprincipalfeatures0.=............................C5)11.1.1NMusicft!ypMesettingistwo-dimensional璍.=...................C5)11.1.2NThefspacingofthenotes.=..........................C6)11.1.3NMusicftok!ens,ratherthanaready-madegeneratorm.=............C7)11.1.4NBeamsU<.=.....................................C8)11.1.5NSettingfan!ythingonthescore].=........................C8l1.2)1Afsimpleexample.=...................................C8l1.3)1Thefthreepasssystemʍ.=................................C9)11.3.1NExternalfexecutablebQmusix20G׍4 4uffΟffvffffffbffffʟ)ffVf&3333ffm`whereH6itcanbMeclearlyseenthatthehalfnotesatbeats2and3m!ustbespacedasifthey`w!ereX quarternotessincetheyoverlap,qwhichisobviousonlybMecauseofthepresenceof`thefindicationoftheZmetero4/4.WSothet!ypMesetterhastotakecareofgoModreadablespacingsonhisown.Therefore, >wepreferredtofpro!videthecompMoser/typesetterfwithasetofmacroswhichcanbMefoundin2.3.2.(Dh1.1.3)@Musictokens,ratherthanaready-madegenerator_Theftok!ensprovidedbyMusiXT,[wEB Xare:l^!", 3 cmsy10^`thefnotesym!bMolsZwithoutstem;)@l^`thefnotesym!bMolsZwithstems,andhooksforeigh!thnotesandshorter);l^`thefindicationofbMeambeginningsandbeamends;l^`thefindicationofbMeginningsandendsoftiesandslurs;l^`thefindicationofacciden!tals;l^`theornamen!ts:2arpMeggios,trills,mordents,pinc"Des,turns,staccatosandpizzicatos,fer- `matas,fetc.;l^`thefbars,themeterandsignaturec!hanges,etc.Th!us,b\wha˹proMducesanZA(ofnominalfrequency222.5Hz,unlesstranspMosed)庹ofduration bMeing aZwholenote.Inthesamew!aye,'ob\whh producesanZA (445Hz)4ofdurationrepresen!tedb!y=aZwholenote,Rb\qucproMducesaZC=(250Hzapprox.)whosevdDalueisaZquarternotewithstemupU,gb\clJxproMducesx(aZC(125Hzappro!x.)bofdurationequaltoanZeighthnotewithstemdown,etc.Teougeneratequarter,eigh!th,sixteenth,etc.Ӎchords,theumacrob\zqMcanbMeused:eitproducesaquarternotehead,Wthev!erticalpMositionofwhichismemorizedandrecalledwhenanotherstemmednote(pMossiblywithahook)iscoded;&thenthestemisadjustedtolinkallsim!ultaneousnotes.Th!us,fthepMerfectC-majorchord,i.e.5!H33ff2f_ff2f_ff2f_ff2f_ff2f_H3333ffHGȲ33ffL̈́͞" ffΟH3333ffiswcoMdedb\zqc\zqe\zqg\qujwor,inamoreconcisew!aye,b\zq{ceg}\qujw(stemup):minfact,singlefnotesaretreated.3..ylik!efone-notechords.r%썍8ZCHAPTERf1.CWHAeTISMUSIXT,[wEB X?b썍1.1.4)@BeamsuLZBeams!arergeneratedusingmacroswhic!hde netheirbMeginning(atthecurrenthorizontal pMosition),together>withtheiraltitude,theirdirection(uppMerorlo!wer),their>multiplicitye,theirslopMeandtheirreferencen!umber.=Thislatterfeature{thereferencen!umber{appearstobenecessarye,sinceonema!ywanttowritebMeamswhosehorizontalextentsoverlap:ϟtherefore,itisnecessarytospMecifywhic!hbeamthenotesbelongtoandwhic!hbeamisterminatedatagiv!enpMosition."1.1.5)@SettinganythingonthescoreuLA]generalumacro(b\zcharnote9|)pro!videsameansofputtinganysequenceofsymbMols(infact,someщb\hbox{...})atan!ypitchofanysta ofanyinstrument._GThus,RanysymbMolde nedinafon!tf(letters,mathsymbMols,etc.)canbeusedtot!ypesetm!usic.'X1.2$cAffsimpleexample:؍Beforeɗgivingmoredetails,cw!egivebMelowanexampleofthetwo rstbarsofthesonatainC-majorfKV545b!y`MozarEt:b!=k_Piano6Ѐ(/musixspxӀ633ffWffWffWffWffW633ffWffWffWffWffW633A33ff6G6G׍J4 J4׍J4 J4]33ffL̈́͞ff ffffۙsfj63* ff_uyfff33ffL̈́͞ff ffffۙsfj63* ffuyfff#yfffu}33A33ff?ff ff?ffyyfffsfj63*3 ff-ڟffT@ W 34ffM D[ן33ffL̈́͞ff ffffۙsfj63* ffE֟yfffʟ33A33ff6ThefZcoMding~issetasfollo!ws:o`b\begin{music}`\parindent10mm`\instrumentnumber{1}(=%asingleinstrument`\setname1{Piano}?\soft"widthsarethoseamenabletosubsequen!trescaling(e.g.canotebMo!x),while\hard"widthsrepresentunscalablematerialsuchasclefsymbMols,keysignaturesfandbarrules.̍Afterthe rstpass,`anexternalroutineisruntodetermineoptimalvdDaluesoftheelemen!talspacing (b\elemskip)foreac!hline,HsoastopropMerly lleachline,Handtoleadtothepiece llingnanin!tegralnumbMeroflines.LThisroutinewaswritteninFOReTRANdandnowconvertedtoCratherthanT,[wEB X,themainreasonbMeingthelac!kofanarrayhandlingcapabilityinT,[wEB X,andStheconcernthatifsuc!haroutinewereaddedtoMusiXT,[wEB X,~storageproblemsmightbMeexacerbated.̍Theresultingroutinereadsinthe lebjobname.mx1,andwritesitsoutputtobjobname.mx2.Thehlatter lecon!tainsasingleentryforeachlineofmusicinthereformattedoutput.`ThekeypiecefofinformationistherevisedvdDalueofb\elemskip; ƹforeac!hline.Next,Nthe leisre-T,[wEB X-ed.qOnthisthirdpass,thebjobname.mx2 leisreadin,andtheinformationfusedasdescribMedabo!ve.Teofgiv!eaneasyexample:afterpass1yougetthefollowingoutput:5!33ffffffffff3333ffG2߀22׍"02 "04.?33ffL̈́͞yffyff_3333ffm(yffyff&T3333ff6 33ffL͟L̈́ff?Y@ff(܌3333ff4yff 6yff3333ff333ffffffffff3333ffG2߀22"6.ɟyff 2yffX3333ffT3*) xslz20:g3'?ffGff2ffۙ@TĎʟ\|Ď L̟3ffL̈́͞zfffO3333ff̶6L33ffL͟L̈́?ff̳6L33ffffL̈́͞ff Ȏ̟8Ȏ홝@TɎ˟؀ɎL͟33ffffL̈́?ffL33ffL̈́͞?ffTʟff̨3333ff533ffffffffff3333ffG2߀22(_tr.ɟyffʟ_tryffX3333ff_\33ffL̈́͞yffʟ>fS3333ffL3333AfterfrunningbmusixflxandT,[wEB X-ingthesecondtimey!ou'llget: +%썍10jZCHAPTERf1.CWHAeTISMUSIXT,[wEB X?썍33ffffffffff3333ffG2߀22׍"B2 "B4.@33ffL̈́͞yffpyffWnP3333ffd>yffpyff 3333ff#u6u33ffL͟L̈́ff?@ff(D3333ff4ˍyff6pyffn3333ffri6?4yff2pyff 3333ff7333ffffffffff3333ffG2߀22#vl6-ӟ?ff}(ff2ffj@Tʎ֭ʎ03ffL̈́͞{@ffgg3333ffiڟ6mڟ33ffL͟L̈́?ffx6}z33ffffL̈́͞(ff#ȎdޟީȎ﵂@TɎdݟQ݀Ɏߟ33ffffL̈́ff33ffL̈́͞?ffT؀}OffA3333ffi_tr6yff_trɺyff3333fff33ffL̈́͞yff>3333ff 3333K]whic!hfwascoMdedas:`b\hsize=100mm \generalmeter{\meterfrac24}%\parindent0pt\generalsignature{-3}\startpiece\bigaccid\NOtes\qu{ce}\en\bar\NOtes\qu{gh}\en\bar\NOtes\qu{=b}\en\Notes\ds\cug\en\bar\NOtes\qu{^f=f}\en\bar\NOtes\qu{=e}\itied0e\qu{_e}\en\bar\Notes\ttie0\Qqbued{_d}c\en\bar\Notes\ibu0b{-2}\qb0{=b}\enotes\notes\nbbu0\qb0{=a}\tqh0N\enotes\Notes\Dqbucf\en\bar\NOtes\uptext{\ittr}\que\uptext{\ittr}\qud\en\bar\NOtes\quc\qp\en\EndpieceThe3biggestadvdDan!tageofusinga3-passsystemistheveryeasyandfastalterationtothelayoutwhic!haispMossible,_especiallyaofalongmasterpiece,b!ychangingonlyoneparameter,_namelyb\muloosenessD.This[vdDalueactsanalogoustoT,[wEB X'sb\loosenesscommand.Feornon-T,[wEB X-pMerts:ifDy!ouendaparagraphandstateb\looseness=-1somewhereinside,thenT,[wEB Xwilltrytomakethisfparagraphonelineshorterthanitnormallyw!ould.K]MusiXT,[wEB X-doMesthesame,Obutinsteadforparagraphs,forZsectionss.3WhatisaZsection?Aslongasy!oudon'tforcealinebreak,ջthismeansthewholepiece.Whenyouforcealinebreakhwitheitherb\stoppiece=! ,b\endpiece7aȹ,b\zstoppieceB,b\Stoppiece=!r,b\Endpiece,b\alaligne\zalaligne9|,I#b\alapage6o or(b\zalapage<(y!ou(startanewZsection.dpSomewhere2蛹bMeforetheendoftheZsection,y!oucanchangethevdDalueofb\muloosenessL4tosomethingdi erentfromthedefaultoff0.K]Teofgiv!eaneasyexample,changingthelastlineinthepreviousexampleto:b\NOtes\quc\qp\en\mulooseness=1\Endpieceyields:5!33ffffffffff3333ffG2߀22׍"N2 "N4.@33ffL̈́͞yff xyffq~,3333ffdyff xyff3333ff6s33ffL͟L̈́ff? F.@ff( 3333ff -tff/4 L͍ {-=Q2aAdvisably:,TatthebAeginningorattheendofthesection,forthesak9eofclarity:. !&%썍Z1.3.CTHEfTHREEPeASSSYSTEM)11썍33ffffffffff3333ffG2߀22%n?41; yffG6yffj.3333ffn6zyffG2yffl3333ff1= ?fftHff D2fffЩ@TŎDހŎĩ3ffL̈́͞ff 3333ff333ffffffffff3333ffG2߀22$Ÿ6)nŸ33ffL͟L̈́?ff;Gԟ6?ԟ33ffffL̈́͞ff3333ff 3333ior:׍b\NOtes\quc\qp\en\mulooseness=-1\Endpieceyieldsf(alittlebittigh!t,butonlyforthesakeofdemonstrationofb\muloosenessH^):5̍33ffffffffff3333ffG2߀22׍"R2 "R4.n33ffȑ{ḧ́yff ]yffCH3333ffLyff ]yffZw˟3333ffX6\"33ffȑ{hL̈́ffgゟ?uK@ff(v|3333fft184yff6 ]yff/3333ff`6-yff2 ]yff3333ff6]i?ff엟Hff2Ѯff@TՎʟ|]Վ33ff3034̈́گffܑ3333ffÄM6괟33ff3034L̈́?ffJ6=33ff30Фff3034̈́.ffӀǎ̟׋ǎF@TȎ̟%Ȏ433ff30ff30L̈́.ff33ff3034̈́?ffT˟鱬엟*ffA?3333ff_trƟyffʟ_tr ]yffp3333ffI33ffȑ{ḧ́yffʟ>3333ff 3333iHerefisthefastestw!ayftogetasatisfactoryoutput: b%1.`build>upthepiecebar3Bb!ybar.ePaymuchattentiontocorrectspacings,andgoononly `whenfy!ouarereallysatis edwiththem.؍ b%2.`T,[wEB Xf=,^)bmusixflx=^)T,[wEB X. b%3.`LoMokcattheoutputanddecideify!ouwanttohavemoreorfewersystemslines,pe.g.to ll`thefpageortogetanev!ennumbMerofpages. b%4.`Adjustqb\muloosenessIi.Ho!wever,Pb`eware$w:b\muloosenessqincreasesthetargetn!um-`bMeroflinesb!yitsvdDalue.ʢThisisofnoserioustroubleforlargespieces,bbutifyousay`b\mulooseness=3uIinapieceorinasectionwhic!honlyhas3bars(threeinthemusical`sense,i.e.t!wo b\eninthetext),thenbmusixflxwillnotbMeabletosplit3barsin!to4`lines...p1and,itwillhopMefullyresultinadiagnosticb!ybmusixflx,N butpossiblyalsoinan`arithmeticffault... b%5.`Deletefthebjobname.mx2andagain`T,[wEB Xf=,^)bmusixflx=^)T,[wEB X 5Z(Feorhac!kers:watchfthedi erenceinbjobname.mx1Z!)IfȰy!ouhavereallyfollowedthisstepbystep,BthenyourwholelayoutwillbMereadyandyouwill@notha!ve@togeneratebjobname.mx2again.{Thisonlyholdsaslongasy!oudon'tchangeanyspacings.iIfIy!ougetthewarning:bYoucan'tuse\raise...,thanIreadtheuppMerparagraphagainandffollo!wtheinstructionofpMoint5.ThereTaresomemoreadvdDan!tages.WithoutusingZglue,ieveryhorizontalpMositioninalinecanbMecomputed.պThisenablesusing,e.g.octa!velines,withoutspecifyingadimension,butb!ysa!yingfb\i...andb\t...."N1.3.1)@Externalexecutable[musixflxXOne*dra!wbacka ectingpMortabilitybMetweencomputersistheexecutablebmusixflx.Weearestillsearc!hingfforpMeoplewhoareabletocompiletheC-sourceandmaintainit. 굉ff/4 L͍ {-=Q3aOrTt9woorthree,whateveryouprefer. 1I%썍12jZCHAPTERf1.CWHAeTISMUSIXT,[wEB X?b썑OnFmostcomputers,վtheexecutableisin!vokedFbytypingthenameoftheprogramandthe namefofthe letobMeactedupon.Zi.e.bmusixflxjobname.mx1Optionallye,fy!oucanaddalettertoindicateoneofthedebugmoMdes,whichare:蜍`bd fforfdebuginformationtoscreen`bf fforfdebuginformationto lebjobname.mxl`s ftofgetthecomputedlinesimmediatelyonscreenTeoXallo!wforeaseofusewithabatch le,ċbmusixflxcaneitherbMefedwithbjobname.mx1,bjobname.texforonlybjobname,allofwhic!hopMensbjobname.mx1.Feorlargescores(morethan4pagesappro!ximately),3havingonlyonesectionandano!verallvdDalueofb\muloosenessbMecomesimpracticalsinceonew!antsnotonlytoha!venicelyspacedsystems,butonealsousuallyw!antstoha!vecompletely lledpagestoa!voidemptytopandbMottomymarginsonthelastpage.Itisthenwisetoforcethetotaln!umberyofpagesandma!ybethevblinebreaksineac!hpage,0whichcanbMedonebyeitherusingexplicitb\alapage2andb\alaligne63\,orWmoreautomaticallyb!ymeansoftheb\autolinesB+commandbMorrowedfromMusicT,[wEB Xandimplemen!tedfintheadditionalbmusixcpt.tex le.卍1.3.2)@RestrictionsandwarningsӀIfOy!ouhaveworkedwithMusicT,[wEB XbMefore,youmustbMeawarethattwomainthingshavec!hanged,xCnamelyNJthespacing(andspacingcommands)andthelinebreaking,seesection2.8,p.f31andsection2.14.1p.44.Aserious"practicalproblemconcernsthee ectofunrecordedspaces,suc!hasthosecreatedb!y}sourcelinesnotendedbyb%orb\relax)yԹoranothercontrolsequenceendinginaletter._ThesewillfresultinthedreadfulaOvterfull2hbYoxfmessagesappMearingduringpass3.Yܟ߉ff@ffConsiderablefdisciplineisneededtoa!voidfthisproblem!sDffffff@Wheny!oustartusingthissoftwarepackdDage,youwillspMendalotoftimesearchingforthecause+ofo!ver/underfull-hbMox+warnings,jwhichwillappMearduringpass3.tYeoumayignorethemduringfpass1,butZy!oumustf ndtheircausewhentheyappMearduringpass3.In}MusiXT,[wEB Xthereisnoglue(only^1ptbMehindb\writesignatures),Bsoitw!orksonlyifev!eryfspaceisrecordedinthecorrectwaye.iAsaresult,neveruseb\hskiporb\kernwiththeexceptione ofZzeroй-bMo!xes,likee b\rlap,b\llap,b\zcharnote,b\uptext,etc.,or(apparen!tly) xedlength-}bMo!xeslikeb\hsong.s!Butthatisnotall|allspacingcommands4큹mustbMefedwithscal-ablevkvdDalues(Ze.g.Mb\noteskip,lb\elemskip,b\afterruleskipvkandb\beforeruleskip,loptionallyprecededfb!yanintegerordecimalnumbMer).bmusixflxcan'tw!orkifthevdDaluesofb\noteskip,< b\afterruleskip,b\beforeruleskip,aredirectlyfassigned\hard"5fjvdDaluesinbMet!weenfb\startpieceandb\stoppiece6.TheseCrestrictionsmak!eithardlycompatiblewithmostsourcesdesignedforMusicT,[wEB X7.Mostfofthemha!veftobMeadjustedtogetthingsgoing.Some vdDaluesarem!uch moreimpMortan!tthaninMusicT,[wEB X, namelyb\elemskip,b\afterruleskip'andb\beforeruleskip. bxTheratiobMet!ween'themisespeciallyv!eryimpor-tan!tYifyouuseb\muloosenessKoftentoadjustthenumbMeroflines:1allofthemaremultipliedbythefsamefactorineac!hsection.iff/4 L͍ {-=Q4aExceptTg\hardspacewhic9hisanexceptionandhastheoppAositepurpose.  {-=Q5aHardTv|raluesareallvalueswhic9harenotscalable {-=Q6ag\endpieceThasthesamemeaning {-=Q7aMostDexamplespro9videdbyD.h- cmcsc10hT6faupininMusicTuAEX'sdistributioncanbAerunwithMusiXTuAEXwithoutserious problems...pHo9wever,Ttheywillev9entuallyThavetobAecorrectedforthesakeofcompatibility:. E%썍Z1.4.CSOMEfHIGHLIGHTS6)V13b썍1.3.3)@MusiXTESX'slawsFp b%1.`Nev!erqhavealinethatdoMesn't nisheitherwithacontrolsequenceorwithab%insideof `b\startpiece...\stoppiece tl j!!!32MusiXTL32EdXffforgivesNOTHING!!!`(aspaceinthedefaultfon!t(usingplain-T,[wEB X)causes3.33ptofunrecordedspace,butthere`isfonly^1ptofglueinMusiXT,[wEB X)א b%2.`b\offm!ustbMeusedwithrelativevdDalues,likeb\noteskip,b\elemskip,`b\after[before]ruleskip b%3.`b\qsk:andb\hqskareno!wscalable,`%e.g.b\qskdoMesn'tmeanexactlyonenoteheadwidth`(itfdepMendsonb\elemskipandbflex_factor) b%4.`Teextofsongsandan!ynon-MusiXT,[wEB XtextmustbMeputinzerobo!xes, likeb\zcharnote,`bzchar,,brlap,blrlap,bllap,buptext,bzsong....Ho!wever,,spMeci cfeaturesareno!wpro-`vided,fnamelyb\hardlyricsandb\hsong(see2.20.7,p.65). b%5.`Don'ttouc!heitherb\noteskipwithhardvdDalues,orb\after[before]ruleskipatallinside`offb\startpiece(\debutmorceau)...\stop[end]piece(\susp[fin]morceau)'F1.4$cSomeffhighlightsrb1.4.1)@SignaturesFpSignaturescanbMestatedeitherforallinstrumen!ts,^forexamplebyb\generalsignaturef>C{-2}whic!hfsetstwo atsoneachsta ,orseparatelyforeachinstrument.Th!us, the*b\generalsignatureican*bMepartlyoverriddenbyb\setsign1z2{1}whichputsonesharpYonthesta sofZinstrumen!tnumbMer"2.Ofcourse,thecurrentsignaturemaychangeatan!yftimeaswellasthemetersandclefs."Ǎ1.4.2)@Transp`ositionAn impMortan!tquestionis:Z\canMusiXT,[wEB Xtransposeascore?".JTheansw!erisnow99.5%Zyess.Iffact,!thereisanin!ternalregisternamedb\transposeA}йthedefaultvdDalueofwhichiszero,!butit -ma!ybMesettoanyreasonablepMositiveornegativevdDalue.1Inthatcase,&ito setsallsymbMolspitc!hedRwithlettersymbMolsbythatnumbMerofpitchsteps.gHowever,itwillneitherchangethexsignaturenortheloMcalacciden!tals,eandif{forexample{youtranspMoseapiecewritteninm] b> 3 cmmi10]CRb!y1pitch,oMusiXT,[wEB Xwillnotknowwhetheryouwantitin]DM[,oin]DKorin]D].Thismigh!t^bMecometrickyifaccidentalsoMccurwithinthepiece,whichmighthavetobMeconvertedin!to3 ats,naturals,sharpsordoublesharps,depMendingonthenewc!hosensignature.DTeoavoidthis+trouble,LZrelativ!eȮaccidentalshavebMeenimplemented,LtheactualoutputofwhichdepMendsonfthepitc!hofthisaccidentalandonthecurrentsignature."Ǎ1.4.3)@Selectingsp`ecialinstrumentscoresAnotheroquestionis:Z\canI2writeanorc!hestralscoreandextracttheseparatescoresforin-dividualjinstrumen!ts?"Theansweris95%Zyess:Uinfact,1kyoucande neyourownmacrosXk%썍14jZCHAPTERf1.CWHAeTISMUSIXT,[wEB X?bb\mynotes...\enotes,b\myNotes...\enotes{withasman!yargumentsasthereareintheor- c!hestralLscore(hopMefullythisislessthan,Qorequalto9,butT,[wEB XpMertskno!whowtoworkaround)andpc!hangeitsde nitiondepMendingontheselectedinstrument(orinsertatestdepMendentonthedvdDalueofsomeselectionregister).Butthelimitationisthatthen!umbMeringdofinstrumen!tsma!ychange,sothatb\setsign3mayhavetobMecomeb\setsign1ifinstrument3isalone.hBut,infturn,thisisnotaseriousproblemfora!veragefT,[wEB Xwizardappren!tices. 011.4.4)@Variablesta andnotesizesTAlthoughthestandardsta sizeis20pt,'MusiXT,[wEB Xallo!wsscoresof16ptand24ptsta sizes.Inaddition,~an!yinstrumentmayhaveaspMecialsta size(usuallysmallerthantheoverallsta size)andspMecialcommandsb\smallnotesizeorb\tinynotesizeenablenotes(andalsobeamsorfacciden!tals)tobMeofasmallersize,inordertoquoteoptionalnotesorZcadenzass.%]퍍1.5$cHowfftogetit_Primaryfsiteisbhprib.lps.u-psud.fr(anon!ymousbftp);say:bcdpub/musixtexmgetmusix*.texf(togetthemacros)bcd/pub/musixtex/mfmget*.mff(togetthesourceofthefon!ts)bcd/pub/musixtex/tfmbinarymget*.tfmf(togetthefon!tmetrics)or:bcd/pub/music\_zipsbinarymgetmusix*.zipf(togetthezippMedpac!kdDagesspeci ctoMusiXT,[wEB X)dOcialfmirrorsaretheCTeANserv!ers.Togetity!ouhavetousay:bcdctanf(togototheCTeANserv!er)bcdmacros/musixtex/taupinbinarymget*.zipf(togetthezippMedpac!kdDages)TheKwholeZdistributioncan tsin!toasingle1.2Mbyteor1.44Mbytediskette._Allsources (includingffon!ts)areprovided,eitherseparatelyor\zippMed".ZREMARK:Qnormallye,Ōthebmusixtex.zipZ leexpandsin!tobinary lesvdDalidforanysystem,and text les(theT,[wEB XandI 0 logo10IMETAFwwONT pZsources)inthe`unixZrepresen!tation,bnamelywitha\LF"c!haracterbMetweeneachrecord. ,mPCusersmightcomplainthattheirowncoMdingis\CR+LF"f(\CR"usuallyappMearsasa\b^MZ"),butw!echeckedthat:vDl^`ZthefMS-DOSeditorhandlesbMothdenotations,vDl^`Zthef\emacs"and\microMemacs"alsodo,l^`Zthe3ZT,[wEB XandIMETAFwwONT3=Zexecutableroutines(etleasttheemTeeXones)alsoacceptbMoth`represen!tations.fh%썍Z1.6.CENHANCEMENTSA15bZHo!wever,KUfor4thesak!eofcompatibilitye,KUwenowprovidetworoutinesforPC's,KUnamelybdtou.exe Zandnbutod.exeZ,whic!hconverttext/source lesfrom/totheMS-DOS+denotationto/fromthe`unixfZdenotation.%A1.6$cEnhancements1.6.1)@RecenteasyenhancementsMan!y#enhancementshavebMeenaskedfor,=tothe\father"ofMusiXT,[wEB X,namelyMusicT,[wEB X,andthis isaproMofthatitisconsideredasusefulb!ymanypMeople.Someoftheseenhancementswhic!hyseemedhardwereinfactrathereasytoimplement,forexamplesmallnotestorepresentgracefnotesandcadenzas,orgregorianc!hantffeatures.Some ofthemw!eremoredicult,suchashandlingoflyricsnowprovidedsinceversionT.40. R1.6.2)@EnhancementlimitationsMan!yfrequestedimprovementshavenotbMeenZyetfimplementedforseveralreasons:l^`Thefauthors'naturallaziness(!)l^`Moreseriously:Wman!yofthemwouldrequireusingsomemoreregisters;unfortunatelye,`T,[wEB X(registersarenotn!umerous(256ofeachkindandthelimitofb\dimen,Lregistersis`nearlyfreac!hed(espMeciallyusingLٺAGT,[wEB X),butwedoourbMest).l^`Weedonotthinkitiswisetoin!troMduceinMusiXT,[wEB XitselfagreatnumbMerofmacroswhich`w!ouldf1bMepoorlyusedb!ymostusers:]rthereasonisthatT,[wEB Xmemoryand|moreover`|6T,[wEB Xregistersarehardlylimitedandthatun!usedmacrosmayoMccupymanyofthese,`leadingftothingscrashingbMecauseofbTeXcapacityexceeded.`Therefore,Lman!yQadditionallibrary lesarenowprovided,LwhichmaybMeinvokedornot,`depMending6ontheuser'sspeci cneeds.MostofthemareusedtocompilethisLٺAGT,[wEB Xv2z]"`man!ual...exceptfthebmusixadd.texandbmusixmad.tex.%A1.7$cAcknowledgementsqThemideaofimplemen!tingthepresentpackdDageisduetothepreviouswork(MuVT,[wEB X)ofAndreaf`SteinbachbpandbAngelikdDa`Schofer8.Thisw!orkprovidedthebasisoftheMetafontcoMdesfwhic!harestillusedhere...with100%correctionsandupdates.English{Zlanguageisprogressiv!emy{ZcheckedthankstoCecil`ChurmsfromNationalAcceler-atorfCen!ter(SouthAfrica).$ff/4 L͍ {-=Q8aStein9bachdA.&Sc9hoferA.,iq[ cmsl9iTheses_(1987,1988),RheinischedF:riedrich-WilhelmsUniversit`at,Bonn,Germany:.ro%[dChapter 25['MPractical T{use=['2.1$cHeadingffstatements"Beforefan!yreferencetoMusiXT,[wEB Xmacros:b\inputmusixtex1whic!hVmaybMefollowedbyb\inputmusixaddinthecaseyouhavemorethansixinstrumentsor morefthan6sim!ultaneousbMeamsortiesorslurs.Afterthat,ߑy!oumaywriteacompletebMookofT,[wEB Xprovidedthatyoudonotuseb&asatabulationvc!haracter(itsb\catcode6:Ify9oudon'tknowhowtodo,youcanrefertothesame instruction7ey9oupAerhapsheardorreadbefore:`\Asky9oulocalTuAEX-wizard.".Otherwiseitmigh9tbeagoodideatoTloAokatc9hapter3(\Installation")wheresomehintsaregiventobuildaMusiXTuAEXformat(refformatbuild).  {-=Q2aSyn9tactically:,Taicommandn:ismadeofaibackslash(\g\")immediatelyfollowedbysequenceofiletters\.J16~%썍Z2.2.CBEF!OREfYOUBEGINTOWRITENOTES17b썑`IfOy!oustateb\qugandstartanewline,y>thenyougetintotrouble,y>butifyousay `b\qug%]< newKnl7)ine>;c,y!ouhavenomoreproblemandthisisbMetterread-`able."`Ifpthissoundscomplicated,$remem!bMerthatT,[wEB XwasdesignedtotypMesettextand`notfm!usic...!X2.2.2)@Whatyouhavetosp`ecify9_YeouJ{should rstspMecifywhethery!ouwanttotypMesetmusicin\normal"size(20ptpMersta )orC\small"size(16pt)or\large"size(24pt). 8Thisonlyoptional,6thedefaultsettingisb\normalmusicsize[.sIfey!ouwantthesmallersize,$thenyouhavetosay3 ib\smallmusicsize__,b\largemusicsizeV:,fandb\Largemusicsize]¹toha!vefthelargersizesof24ptand28.8pt.^Then,fthe rstcompulsorydeclarationis:b\instrumentnumberrJ{]nb}where}']nisthen!umbMer}'ofinstrumen!ts,usedbyMusiXT,[wEB XtopMerformsloopsbuildingsta s, setting/Nsignatures,Qmeters,etc.xTherefore,itm!ustbMede nedbeforean!yotherstatements.xIfnotXthendefaultvdDalueisone.LAninstrumen!tmayconsistofseveralsta s,ԕe.g.thepiano.LThedi erencefbMet!weenoneinstrumentofseveralsta sandseveralinstrumentsisasfollows:s捍l^`distinct)instrumen!tsmayhavedistinctZsignaturess,+distinctsta sofauniqueinstrument`sharefthesamesignature.l^`Zstemsma!yfbMehungtoZbMeamsbelongingftodi erentssta softhesameinstrument.l^`Zc!hordsmayfextendacrosssev!eralsta softhesameinstrument.l^`sta s"ofauniqueZinstrumen!t"aretiedtogetherwithabigbraceatthebMeginningofeach `line.Iffthen!umbMerfofsta sisnotequaltoone,thisn!umberfmustbMespeci edb!y:^b\setstaffsN# ]nb{]pb}wheregT]pisthen!umbMergTofsta s,׏andwhere]nisthen!umbergToftheinstrumen!tconsidered (e.g.fbsetstaffs3forthe3rdinstrumen!t,startingfromthebMottom).Unless/ ally!ourinstrumentsonlyusetheZviolinclef,Q6youhavetospMeci yalltheclefsusedforfalltheinstrumen!ts.ThisisdonebycoMding:b\setclef>P{]nb}{]sz1]sz2]sz3]sz4b}%whereө]nisthen!umbMerөoftheinstrumen!t,]sz1isone gurespecifyingtheclefofthelo!werөsta ,]sz2fjthefclefofthesecondsta ,etc.ThevdDalue]sz1fŹ=0meanstheZviolinclef(GcleforZclefdesolrbinFerenc!h)forthelowersta ,]sz2>b=~^0meanstheviolinclefforthesecondsta ,/etc.&If]sz2,]sz3عor]sz4areomittedinthesecondargumen!tfoftheb\setclef,thesesta shavededefaultclef,namely0,i.e.theviolinclef.TheP1{\bass}%or 5b\setclef81\basstakingaccoun!tofthefactthethebassclefissetonthelowersta ,buttheuppMeronehasthedefaultfvdDalueofviolinclef.Ifthesignatureisnotv!oid,oneshouldcoMde:b\generalsignaturerJ{]sb}wheref]s >0indicatesthen!umbMerofZsharpsinthesignatureand]s <0then!umbMerofZ atss4IffaZmeteroindicationistobMeposted,itshouldbespeci edusingthemacrob\generalmeter[{]mb}%where]misthedescriptionofthemeterindicationwhic!hshouldappMearoneachsta .ܪIfitisaZfractionf(e.g.3/4)onshouldcoMdeb\generalmeter{\meterfrac{3}{4}}%or,finasimplerw!ayf(ifthen!umbMersfarelessthan10):b\generalmeter{\meterfrac34}%YeoucansuppressthebMeginningv!erticalrulewithsayingb\nostartruleNandrestorethedefaultfwithb\startrule@pafterthat.SpMecial #denotationscanbeused, suc!hasb\meterC3Qɹ,b\allabreveFl3,b\reverseC@,b\reverseallabrevee`andfb\meterplus=# .5n33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎGS33ffL̈́͞yffjyffyff Ϟ yfffk %3333ffkqR}Gԟ33ffL̈́͞yff]yffN۟3333ffAT 菼3333ff"{Lj8Т3333ff׍ ;39293 -#8Q33ffLͨ̈́?ff ۶=5ffW~TL:ff ?ff@T掍BT掎=5ff˄?ffB#ffW~T玍3玎33ffDffđa3333ffwhic!hfwascoMdedas:`b\generalmeter\meterC`\nostartrule`\parindent0pt\startpiece`\NOtes\qa{cegj}\enotes`\generalmeter\allabreve\changecontext`\NOTes\ha{ce}\enotes`\generalmeter\reverseC\changecontext`\NOTEs\zbreveg\enotes`\generalmeter\reverseallabreve\changecontext`\NOTEs\zwqg\enotes`\generalmeter{\meterfrac{3\meterplus2\meterplus3}8}\changecontext`\Notes\Tqbuceg\Dqbljg\Tqbugec\enotes`\endpieceHo!wever,^notallm!usicscoreshavethesamemeterineachsta .EspMeciallye,^somesta smayhaveZternary@metersPwhileothersha!vePZbinary.[ThiscanbMespeci edb!yusingtheb\generalmetermacroftosetthemeterformostofthescoresando!verridingfitb!y:ff/4 L͍ {-=Q4aW:e\ha9veseenonceascoreinG-minorwherethesignatureconsistedoftwo ats(B\andE)plusonesharp (F).TThisisnotdirectlysuppAortedb9yMusiXTuAEX.k%썍Z2.2.CBEF!OREfYOUBEGINTOWRITENOTES19W썠Ǡ8' b\setmeterD2{{\meterfrac{12}8}\allabreve}%whic!hYSsetsthemeterto12/8forthe rst(lower)sta ,handZallabreveZforthesecondsta ofthe instrumen!tfnumbMer2.Sometimes{itmigh!tbMeusefultoinsertadditionalspacebeforethemeteriswritten.׏ThisispMossible9b!yassigningavdDaluetob\meterskip?&inthepreamble.Itisresettozeroafter rstmeterindication. ʼn2.2.3)@InstrumentnamesIfzy!ouwanttheZnameoftheinstrument=s(ortheZnameofthevoices)tobMedisplayedinfrontoftheirfrespMectiv!esta satthebeginning,y!oumaycoMde:b\setnameB]nb{Znamefoftheinstrumen!t=b}%where(]nisthen!umbMer(oftheinstrumen!tconsidered.eInthiscase,Iyoushouldalsoadjusttheb\parindent=dimensionbsothatthelongnameofaninstrumen!tdoMesnotspilltoofarin!totheleftfmargin. ʼn2.2.4)@PolyphonicsongsExceptFBsta sofauniqueinstrumen!ttiedtogetherwithabigbrace,n9sta snormallybMeginontheleftwithathinv!erticalrule..However,2itisusualtotieallhumanvoicestogetherwithaleftfhea!vyandrightthinverticalrule.-a2.2.4.10E[Case2ofonlyonecthoirInftheusualcasewherey!ouhaveonlyonechoir,thiscanbMespeci edb!y:`b\songtopI]T{]nb}`\songbottomZR{]mb}whereY]mand]naretheinstrumen!tnumbMersofthe rstandlastchoralvoices.Exampleisshowninf2.26.4.GTNoQhea!vysquarebraceisproMducedwhenthebottominstrumen!thasanumbMergreaterthanthetopone.ThisfeaturecanbMeusedtoremo!vechoirheavybracesbMetweendistinctpartsofthefsamescore. _#a2.2.4.20E[Case2ofsevteralchoirsorseveralorchestrasYeourZma!ydivideyourinstrumentsintouptothreegroupslinkedtogetherwithaleftsquarebrace.Eac!hfofthesegroupsisspMeci edwith:`b\grouptopO{]gdb}{]nb}`\groupbottom`[{]gdb}{]mb}where]mand]naretheinstrumen!tnumbMersofthe rstandlastchoralvoicesofgroupnumbMer]gd.MusiXT,[wEB X߷allo!wsuptothreegroups, numbMeredfrom1to3, plusthe\zero"groupconsistingofhthev!oicesorinstrumentswhichbMelongtonodeclaredgroup.b\songtopisequivdDalenttob\grouptop1fandbsongbottomisequivdDalen!ttob\groupbottom1.ThisgroupingfeaturecanalsobMeusedtocollectnotonlyv!oicesbutalsoinstrumentswithoneforsev!eralsta s.Inthatcasethenormalbraceisshiftedleftofthesquarehavybrace.7%썍20ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 2.3$cStartingffyourmasterpiece12.3.1)@Typingthe rstsystem?JustfcoMdeb\startmuflexwhic!hqsopMenstheZjobnameb.mx1duringT,[wEB Xingthe rsttimeyourmasterpiece.7Allinformations areO$no!wwrittentoit.Duringpass3itwillbMeopenforreadinandallcomputedvdDaluesareusedftosetthelines5.ZREMARK:Kdonotw!orrytoMomuchifyouforgetb\startmuflexZ;Qinmostcases|sincever-sionT.384|theb\startpieceZcommandwilldoit,ifnecessarye.!PCon!versely,onlythe rstb\startmuflexfZise ectiv!e,theothersareinecient...forsafetye.ThenfcoMdeb\startpiecewhic!h˸willinitiate(withindentationb\parindent=H\)the rstsetofsta sforallinstrumentsyouha!ve̋previouslyde ned.PMButthatisnotsucien!ttobMeginwritingnotesandsilences.Infact,y!oufmustalsochoMosethespacingofthenotes. SB2.3.2)@Easyselectingnotespacing?Therefore,w!epreferredtoprovidethecompMoser/typesetterwithasetofmacros(incidentallye,thisfcanbMeadjusted):Le*usage3spacingA^6suggestedfusefor+!ffʟGͤfeffΟEb\znotes3E...&...&...\enotes͡feff5(nonfspacing) feff#*spMecialsVP#fefffeͤfeffΟEb\notes3E...&...&...\enotes͡feff52\elemskipE feffg feff#;;& musix13)#*16theVfeffͤfeffΟEb\notesp3E...&...&...\enotes͡feff52.5\elemskip͟feff1g feff)#*16thfpMoin!ted,8thtriplet͟feffͤfeffΟEb\Notes3E...&...&...\enotes͡feff53\elemskipL!feffg feff(#*8thjZfeffͤfeffΟEb\Notesp3E...&...&...\enotes͡feff53.5\elemskip͟feffg feff(#*8thfpMoin!ted,4thtriplet FgfeffͤfeffΟEb\NOtes3E...&...&...\enotes͡feff54\elemskipL!feffg /ff#*4thjZfeffͤfeffΟEb\NOtesp3E...&...&...\enotes͡feff54.5\elemskip͟feffg /ff#*4thfpMoin!ted,2thtriplet FgfeffͤfeffΟEb\NOTes3E...&...&...\enotes͡feff55\elemskipL!feffg /ff#*2thjZfeffͤfeffΟEb\NOTesp3E...&...&...\enotes͡feff55.5\elemskip͟feffg /ff#*2thfpMoin!tedCEfeffͤfeffΟEb\NOTEs3E...&...&...\enotes͡feff56\elemskipL!feff1 #*1thjZfeff!ffʎwIffy!oudon'tlikethem,de neyourownusinge.g.:b\def\NOtes{\vnotes5.34\elemskip}whic!hɼmeans,whenyouusethisb\NOtes(tde nition,thatallZspacingԹnotesandcommands,resultsaUspacingof5.34^b\elemskip7.Thesizeofthespatialunit(b\elemskip3)canbMefreelyadjusted(itfsho!wsonlye ectoutsideb\startpiece...\endpiece).Inpractice,thec!hoiceofthemacrob\notes,b\Notes,b\NOtes,etc.,toinitiateofcolumnofnotesfsetsanin!ternaldimensionregister,!namedb\noteskip9ƹtothegivenmultipleofb\elemskip6`. ىff/4 L͍ {-=Q5aTheœ lesm9ustbAeclosedbeforelea9vingTuAEX,preferablybeforeg\byeq~org\end,withg\endmuflex3o.--Normally TuAEXTclosesallopAen lesonhiso9wnwhenterminatingtheprogram,butitisstillwisertodothisexplicitly:.`%썍Z2.3.CSTeARTINGfYOURMASTERPIECE߹21W썠 Th!us,eachPZspacingnoteW(b\qu>,b\qbR,b\hl,etc.)willPbMefollo!wedPbyaspacingofb\noteskip6J.Then, the/advdDan!tageofthede nitionofb\elemskipisthat,wheneveritischanged,allsubsequentb\noteskipswillbMeupdatedproportionallysothatasimplec!hangeofb\elemskipcanexpandorfshrinkallconsecutiv!enotespacingsasawhole.㍑aAll2saidabYotve2countsonlyfor rstpass.IfthearthmeticprogressionofnotespacingsdoMesnotmeety!ourwishes,yourmayforcea geometric!progression,@whereb\Notesis7^p A7p y ɍ2ݏtimeswiderasb\notes,b\NOtesis7^p A7p y ɍ2ݏtimeswider2 as;db\Notes,`etc.Inthatcase,b\Notespisappro!ximatelyu cmex10q;eΉfe D27^p 7p y ɍ2 =1]:189timeswiderasb\NotesandEzsoon.Thegeometricprogressionifforcedb!ythecommandb\geometricskipscaleq,m?andtheforiginalarithmeticprogressionisrestoredb!yb\arithmeticskipscalev.gInsideo^thepairb\notes...\enotesy!oumayfreelychangethevdDalueofb\noteskip(notb\elemskip)pro!videdyoukeepitscalableinthenormalsituation6.b\noteskipcanbMechangedwithfacommandlik!eb\noteskip=2.4\noteskipwhic!hfobviouslykeepsitscalable,orbymeansofb\multnoteskip[{2.4}whic!h]pMerformsthesamemultiplicationinasmarterwaye.ŞYou]canalsoforceallb\noteskipstobMefre-scaledb!yafactorof3.1415usingb\scale3}{2.4}or=b\def\scalenoteskipP{L{2.4}whic!hismoredangerousandnotadvisesalthoughcompatiblewithfMusicT,[wEB X.㍑Teoz llthem!usicline(system)withoutglue,thevdDaluesofb\elemskip,b\afterruleskipandb\beforeruleskipareadjustedfromtheexternalprogrambmusixflx.(Sowhatspacingy!oureallyfget,depMendsonthein!ternalline-breakingroutine.SpacingsfforadvdDancedMusiXT,[wEB X'ers:a`normal'bar(sligh!tly!)magni ed:Bs33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎ3333ffz31 N}|31 N{"NЀaHz313W}|313W{lЀbH|31 {z31 }*|31 {z31 }czeןeHyfff=tz31o&}|31o&{5?Ѐc=t|31 {z31 }Pџ|31 {z31 }8d.|31 {z31 }tw|31 {z31 }4e둟eSeKe=tyfffz317}|317{zЀdđa3333ff2u-Q!`aB"^!9]b\afterruleskip !`bf^!9]b\notesa=\vnotes2\elemskip!`c^!9]b\NOtesa=\vnotes4\elemskip!`df^!9]b\beforeruleskip!`e^!9]b\elemskip2=AsfdefaultthevdDaluesaresetupasfollo!ws:!H%`詛fffm Zusingmb\elemskip\afterruleskip 2\beforeruleskipzfffmࡍ\normalmusicsize批6pta8ptP0pt b\smallmusicsizebD4.8pta6ptP0ptfffm%>`Iffy!ouwanttochangeuppMervdDalues,s[youhavetodothatbMehindb\normalmusicsize`orfb\smallmusicsizeandbMeforeb\startpiece. ff/4 L͍ {-=Q6aBut:ppro9videdTyoukeepitinotscalableeifyouusetheg\hardnotesorg\hardlyricsfeatures(see2.20.7).Ġ%썍22ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 2.4$cNoteffpitchsps3eci cationq|Notepitc!hesareusuallyspMeci edbylettersrangingfrombatobzforthosewhichareusually writtenכundertheG-clef(bacorrespMondstothe]Aofnominalfrequency222.5Hz;5theZGoftheG-clef7isdenotedbg).xLo!wer7pitchnotesarespMeci edusinguppercaselettersrangingfrombA/tobNf(theZFpܹoftheF-clefisdenotedbM,andbFisoneoMcta!vefbelow).If+necessarye,Man!umericsymbMolcanbeusedtoplaceasym!bolindependen!tlyoftheactiveclef,fwhic!hhasthedrawbacknottobMetransposable.Besides,`notesrbMelo!wbA(i.e. the]Aofnominalfrequency55.625Hz),namelythelo!westoMcta!veofthemodernpianos,canonlybecodedusingthetranspositionfeatures(seebelo!w:ZtranspMositionfandZocta!viation)orinabsoluteverticalpMositionusingnumbMers.%$2.5$cWfritingffnotesq|Therefaret!wofmajorkindsofnotemacros:| b%1.`thosewhic!hterminateanote/chordstemandarefollowedbyahorizontalspacingofvdDalue`b\noteskipO,| b%2.`thosefwhic!hinitiateorextendanote/chordstemanddonotcausehorizontalspacing.Thef rstkindisusedtot!ypMeamelodye,thesecondkindisusedtot!ypec!hords. Rh2.5.1)@Singlespacingnotes`b\wh0я]p2a:Cwholefnoteatpitc!h]p.`b\hu0я]p2a:Chalffnoteatpitc!h]pwithstemup.`b\hl0я]p2a:Chalffnoteatpitc!h]pwithstemdown.`b\ha0я]p2a:Chalffnoteatpitc!h]pwithautomaticstem7fjchoice.`b\qu0я]p2a:Cquarterfnoteatpitc!h]pwithstemup.`b\ql0я]p2a:Cquarterfnoteatpitc!h]pwithstemdown.`b\qa0я]p2a:Cquarterfnoteatpitc!h]pwith\automatic"stem.`b\cu0я]p2a:Ceigh!thfnote8fjatpitch]pwithstemup.`b\cl0я]p2a:Ceigh!thfnoteatpitch]pwithstemdown.`b\ca0я]p2a:Ceigh!thfnoteatpitch]pwith\automatic"stem.`b\ccu69]p2a:I?2sixteen!thfnoteatpitch]pwithstemup.`b\ccl69]p2a:I?2sixteen!thfnoteatpitch]pwithstemdown.`b\cca69]p2a:I?2sixteen!thfnoteatpitch]pwith\automatic"stem.`b\cccu#spacingnotewilljointhemin!toachord.ThisstemtopandbMottompitchisZreset{#ateac!hfspacingnote.HZREMARK:ZNotesofdurationlongerthanwholenotesarealw!aysZnon-spacing.yThissa!vesZoneuselessOde nition,sincethesenotesarealw!aysOlongerthanothersim!ultaneousones.IfneededtheyfcanbMefollo!wedfbyb\skZtoforcespacing.!:2.5.3)@Shiftednon-spacing(chord)headsThese]sym!bMolsareusedmainlyinchordswhereZsecondPintervdDalsarepresent.ItistherespMon-sibilit!yfofthetypisttochoMosewhichheadsshouldbMeshiftedleftorright.f]ff>f]ff>f]ff>f]ff>f]R ß3333ffR ßGq׌?ff fj32fj30?ff 3333ff433ff>f]ff>f]ff>f]ff>f]ff>f]43333ff4GTSo?ff sfj32 fj32fj30?ffr3333ff?arefcoMded: D;tb\Notes\ibu0e0\qbp0e%"\tbbu0\tbu0\qb0e\en D?\Notes\ibu0e0\qbpp0e%G\tbbbu0\tbbu0\tbu0\qb0e\enPTheAAsamebMeha!viouroccursinthecaseofb\tbbbu&=,gb\tbbbl&,gb\tbbbbu0߹andb\tbbbbl,~.oThesym-metricalfpatternisalsopMossible.Feorexample:5!H33ff>f]ff>f]ff>f]ff>f]ff>f]H3333ffHGHfjfeHffT35fjfcffTH3333ffshasfbMeencodedas:$`b\Notes\ibbl0j0\roff{\tbbl0}\qb0j\tbl0\qbp0j\enotesZREMARK:|thesecoMdingsma!yseemcomplicated.>Infact,΁itistheresponsibilit!yoftheuserto de neYqmacroswhic!hpMerformthemostcommonsequencesinhismasterpiece.6Feorexample,honecouldfde nesetsoffoursixteen!thsbythemacro:b\def\qqh#1#2#3#4#5{\ibbl0#2#1\qb#2\qb#3\qb#4\tbl0\qb#5}ZwhereNote^headshangingonbMeamsarenotnecessarilyquarter(orhigherorder)noteheads._ItispMossibleftohanghalfnoteheadsonbeamsusingb\hbʹmacro,e.g.:5!H33ffbfWffbfWffbfWffbfWffbfWH3333ffHGHffTs5fjfc35fjfcffT{fffj303fj30ffH3333ffhasfbMeencodedas:$`b\Notes\ibbl0j0\hb0j\tbl0\hb0j\enotes`\Notes\ibbu0g0\hb0g\tbu0\hb0g\enotes%썍28ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 ItfisalsopMossibletowrite5!H33ffbfWffbfWffbfWffbfWffbfWH3333ffHGH HͯcHͯ#H߀ H {THkڀ{TH׫ڀH H3333ffgwhic!hfwascoMdedas:`b\Notes\ibbl0j3\whj\tbl0\whl\enotes `\Notes\ibbu0g3\whg\tbu0\whi\enotesHo!wever,fabMetterlookcouldbeobtainedinamoresophisticatedw!ay9:H33ffhfVffhfVffhfVffhfVffhfVH3333ffHGH HʯcHʯ#H߀ H |THkڀ|TH׫ڀH H3333ffgwhic!hfwassimplycoMdedas:`b\Notes\loff{\zwj}\ibbl0j3\sk\tbl0\whl\enotes `\Notes\ibbu0g3\whg\tbu0\roff{\whi}\enotes\qspaceSinglerepMeatednotescanalsobemade|inam!uchmoresophisticatedw!ay10 ,7fforexample:_33ff̣ff̣ff̣ff̣ff̣_3333ff_Gy?ffT?ffT?ffTۙ35fj6f]?ffTfoT?ff?ff?ffۙfj63*?ff{3 ffvffiᶺKffvfff~3333ff{ffT ffTffT癞s5fj$f`癞35fj$f`ffTflTffffff癞sfj$3-癞ﳉfj$3-ff̟ffTffTffT癞s5fj$f`癞35fj$f`ffTffffff癞sfj$3-癞ﳉfj$3-ffD{ן?F:+3D{ןF:3G{ԟ ffvffi69KfivyKffvfffe{ϟ3333ffgwhosefcoMding(duetoW.`Icking)is; ΍`b\Notes\ibl0h0\qb0{hhh}\tbl0\qb0h\bsk\bsk\bsk\bsk =\ibu0j0\qb0{jjj}\tbu0\qb0j\en`\NOTes\loffset{0.5}{\ibl0j9}\roffset{0.5}{\tbl0}\zhlh%=\loffset{0.5}{\ibu0g9}\roffset{0.5}{\tbu0}\huj\en\bar`\notes\ibbl0i0\qb0{hhh}\tbl0\qb0h\bsk\bsk\bsk\bsk=\ibbu0i0\qb0{jjj}\tbu0\qb0j%=\ibbl0i0\qb0{hhh}\tbl0\qb0h\bsk\bsk\bsk\bsk=\ibbu0i0\qb0{jjj}\tbu0\qb0j\en`\NOTes\loffset{0.5}{\ibbl0k9}\roffset{0.5}{\tbl0}\zhlh%=\loffset{0.5}{\ibbu0f9}\roffset{0.5}{\tbu0}\huj\en1e2.6.3)@Beamsacrossbarsy덹Thevusualw!ayvmostcompMoserswrotetheirscoresw!asbeamsinsidebars,.atleastun!tilthebMeginningsoftheXIX-thcen!turye.Unfortunately,}laterscomposers(`Brahms,}`Scriabin,`Grieg,etc.)3w!antedtowritebMeamsjumpingacrossbars.ThisispMossiblewithoutan!yproblems.Weegiv!efanexamplefrom`Brahms'sIntermezzoop.118,1providedbyMiguel`Filgueiras:zff/4 L͍ {-=Q9aY:ouaresuggestedtomak9eyourownmacroifyouhavetotypAemanyofthese,GorbAetter:'useapre-compiler. -=Q10aButTy9oucanwriteyourownmacro,thinkingofusingg\transposetolifttheobliquebAeams.-ܠ%썍Z2.6.CBEAMSx29W썠r?.eӀ.e33ffg2ffg2ffg2ffg2ffg2.e33ffg2ffg2ffg2ffg2ffg2.e33P33ff.eI.eG@bR@bRUd>Tbe33ffff"g"fffm`33P33ffwƟ33ffffLͣ̈́&ff L̟33ff#wffDffff3ffL͡ ff ?ffHğ yHşsHƟ2wƟ33ffL L2 Fg"fff vffYBffXc@lxslhu20@Hcȴ33ff!g" ffvf H33P33ff{޿9ڀЀ/33ffff"g"fff/33ff d. affh34Jffk33}ff8I"B! & u]ffO7ffff̈́ff- ?}>|/33ffff"g"fff33P33ffGwhosefcoMdingis:b\interstaff{13} \instrumentnumber{1}\setstaffs1{2}\setclef1\bass\generalmeter\allabreve\startextract\NOtes\qp\nextstaff\isluru0q\zq{q}\ql{j}\enotes\bar\nspace\Notes\ibu0a1\qb0{CEJLcL}% T\nextstaff\roff{\zw{l}}\pt{p}\zh{_p}\pt{i}\hl{_i}\enotes\Notes\qb0J\itied1a\qb0a\nextstaff\tslur0o\zq{o}\ql{h}\enotes\bar\Notes\ttie1\zh{.L.a}\hl{.e}% T\nextstaff\qb0{chj}\tbl0\qb0l\cl{q}\ds\enotes\NOtes\qp\nextstaff\zq{q}\ql{j}\enotes\endextractStilletobMedoneman!uallyisthecutandprolongationacrosslinebreaks,r%whichcanbMeeasilybedone1withshiftingusingb\roff$and/orb\loff _,ff)rffT@\u\5ɃI/ffo3333ff|?ff ff񎤟@Tßhv(ffğ??ffTiff=񎤟}Cێ Xێ'ff:QZff>SffTffʎv)ffy ff>ffffR@TÎ)qݕÎRTÎ)qÎ.ff)rffTwՄwff oVffRPVÎ\'ÎRVÎ\'Î+ffđa3333ffwhic!hfwassimplycoMdedas::n`b\Notes\Dqbugh\Dqbljh\en`\notes\Dqbbufg\Dqbblhk\en\bar`\Notes\Tqbughi\Tqblmmj\en`\notes\Tqbbufgj\Tqbblnjh\en\bar`\Notes\Qqbughjh\Qqbljifh\en`\notes\Qqbbufgge\Qqbbljhgi\en&2.7$cRestsٳExceptfthatdi erencethattheyha!vefnospMeci cpitc!h,restsarecodedinav!erysimplewaye.!ߍ2.7.1)@Ordinaryrests'Feulltbarrests(alsocalled\pauses")arecoMdedasb\pause']p,-withapoin!tbehindasb\pausep-;smallerrestsareb\hpause/{(ofdurationequaltoaZhalfnote),wwithapMoin!tbehindasb\hpausep1K,b\qp (duration equaltoaZquarternote,alsob\soupir,),b\ds(durationequaltoanZeigh!thnote),b\qsš(durationequaltoanZsixteen!thnote),b\hsM+(durationequaltoanZthirtysecondnote),b\qqs(durationfequaltoanZsixt!yfourthnote).Long"rests(lastingsev!eralbars)canbMecodedasb\PAuse+@andb\PAUSe&,whic!hrespectiv!elyyield:5!33ffyffyffyffyffy3333ffG׍4 4u}3333ff:ݟ3333ff;!ߍ2.7.2)@Liftedrests'Allthepreviousrestswithexceptionofb\pause)Ĺandb\hpause/nareZh!bMoxess;thismeansthattheycanbMev!erticallyo settomeetpolyphonicm!usicrequirementsusingthestandardT,[wEB Xcommandb\raise"}.Insaddition,}t!wosymbMolshavebMeenprovidedtoputaZfullrestoraZhalfrestabMo!veorbMelowthesta .Thentheordinaryb\pauseorb\hpausecannotbMeusedsincethereisaneedforsmallhorizon!talflinetodistinguishbMetweenthefullandthehalfrest.Theyare:S%썍Z2.8.CPHANTOMfNOTESANDSPeA!CINGCOMMANDS31W썠 l^`b\liftpauseZ72]nZ(nonspacing)togeta raisedfromoriginalpMositionb!y]nsta line `in!tervdDals,ߞl^`b\lifthpause^B]nf(nonspacing)toget L̹raisedthesamew!aye.$2.7.3)@BarcenteredrestsC Sometimesg0itisnecessarytoplacearest(orother)exactlyinthemiddleofabar. g, b\centerPAUSeI, b\centerPAuse,b\centerpauseD,fb\centerhpauseNb.Feorfexample:bnЀӀ33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎ33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎ33A33ffЀIG.S.S$FB33ffL̈́͞yffƤyffyff yfffw33A33ffBzğ=~;hyffffyffƟyff 33ffL̈́͞yffτ33A33ffo=033ff ̈́@ff-;@ff-@ff-@ff-@ff-@ff-@ff-@@ff(P33A33ff7?=WyfffR9ffFgyfff|33A33ffk=đa33A33ff֟N֟N b\generalmeter\meterC\setclef1\bass\setstaffs1{2}\parindent0pt\startpiece\addspace\afterruleskip\NOtes|\qa{cegj}\en\def\atnextbar{\znotes\centerpause\en}\bar\NOtes|\qa{jgec}\en\def\atnextbar{\znotes\centerpause\en}\bar\Notes\ca{`jihgfedc}\en\def\atnextbar{\znotes|\centerpause\en}\bar\NOTes\ha{Nc}\en\def\atnextbar{\znotes|\centerpause\en}\bar\addspace{10\elemskip}%\def\atnextbar{\znotes\centerbar{\duevolte}|\centerbar{\duevolte}\en}\endpiece*-{2.8$cPhantomffnotesandspacingcommandsItCma!ybMeinteresting,}whencoMdingasequenceofnoteswithinauniquepairb\notes...\enotes,to/skiponenoteplaceinorder{forexample{tosetthethirdnoteofonesta atthesameabscissaasthatofthesecondnoteofanothersta .\ThiscanbMedoneb!yinsertingb\skNwhichcausesQaspacingofoneb\noteskip711@.SometimesitisusefultoZskipbac!konenoteskip,bthiscanbMefdonewithb\bsk.Thespacingofahalfb\noteskipcanbeyieldedwithb\hsk.kIfy!oujustwanttoshiftanoteorasymbMolbyonenoteheadwidth,(youmaywriteb\roffR{Znote/sym!bMolnRb}(shiftright)orb\loff f{Znote/symbMolnRb}(shiftleft).)IfyoujustwanttoshiftaRnoteorasym!bMolbyonehalfnoteheadwidth,~youmaywriteb\hroff&{Znote/symbMolnRb}(shiftrigh!t)forb\hloff&$b{Znote/symbMolnRb}(shiftleft).Feorexample,toget i6ff/4 L͍-=Q11aNev9erƚuseg\kern-"norg\hskip#渽:~infactg\sknotonlycausesaspacebutalsorecordsthatspaceforcorrect handlingTofbAeams,slurs,trills,octa9viationdashedlines,line-breaking,etc. fB%썍32ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠2H33ffPfZffPfZffPfZffPfZffPfZH3333ffHGH yffyffyff H3333ffy!oufcoMde:▍`b\Notes\roff{\zwhg}\qug\quh\qui\enotesIf y!ouwanttoshiftnotesorsymbMolsbymoreorlessthanonenoteheadwidth,%mthenyou canuseb\roffset7;whic!hhasanadditional rstargumentwhichisthenumbMerofnoteheadwidthsfthesecondargumen!tshouldbMeshiftedbye.Forfexample5!H33ffPfZffPfZffPfZffPfZffPfZH3333ffHGH yffyffyff H3333ffw!asfcoMded:▍`b\Notes\roffset{1.5}{\zwhg}\qug\quh\qui\enotesZIMPOReTANT:8theo setspMeci edorimplicitlyspeci edinb\roffZ,+b\loffZ,b\roffset8Zand bloffsetZdoMesnotaddtothetotalspacingamoun!t;inotherwordsthisisjustano set,notaspacing.vCon!verselye,&theqVpMossiblespacingofcommandsincludedintheargumen!tofb\roffZ/b\loffZandrinthesecondargumen!tofb\roffsetZ/b\loffsetZactuallyaddstothetotalspacinginthatbarblofthecurren!tsta .5Therefore,pthesymbMol/noteargumentoftheseo setcommandsshouldusuallyfproMducenospacing,i.e.beginwithb\zZ.Besides,"itisnotadvisedtoinsertsev!eralconsecutivespacingnotesintheb\roffZ/b\loffZorb\roffsetZ/b\loffsetfZargumen!ts,sinceitcouldmessuptheglobalspacingaccounting.Teo?insertspacingofZnearly0oneZnoteheadwidth,Tyy!oucanuseb\qsk>(whichhasthedrawback,thatNpitisscalable,xrsowhatspacingy!oureallygetdepMendsonthecomputedb\elemskipfrombmusixflxJandtheuserc!hosenvdDalueofb\elemskip).?ThehalfofthisspacingcanbMeforcedwithb\hqskR.Notefthattheset!woflattermacrosm!ustbMeusedinsideapairb\notes...\enotes.Ifͤy!ouwanttoinsertadditionalspacingbMeforeagroupofnotes,especiallytoa!voidͤacollisionwith:anacciden!tal,P=you:canwriteb\nspace. |outsidetheb\notes...\enotesgroup|andthiswill$proMducesanadditionalspacingofahalfnoteheadwidth;d#inthesamew!aye,Db\qspace0 willyield|aspacingofanoteheadwidth.aNotethatb\nspaceandb\qspaceare\hard"spacings,whosefgeneralfeatureisb\hardspace,describMedbelo!w.SometimespJtheadditionalspacebMehindb\changecontextY[disturbstheey!eofatypMesetter,butfthisuglyspacingcanbMereducedwith:b\addspaceD{-\afterruleskipP{L}%It!SshouldbMeemphasizedthatallthesespacingcommandsw!orkcorrectlye,@onlywhentheirdimensionargumen!tsareZscalablevdDaluesaandnot xeddimensions;athescalabledimensionsareb\elemskip3,fb\beforeruleskipY\,fb\afterruleskipT!,fb\noteskip; ƹandftheirm!ultiples.The.onlyspacingcommandwhic!hcanworkwith\normal"(thatis,lZnotscalable)dimensionsis:b\hardspaceJ|{Zan!yfT,[wEB Xdimensionb}%butfbMothb\addspaceandb\hardspacecanonlybeusedoutsideofb\notes...\enotes.Con!verselye,amoregeneralspacingisallo!wedwithintheb\notes...\enotespairs,namely:b\off'{]DMb}%where]DйisaZscalabledimension,Ǖforexampleb\noteskiporb\elemskip.-Infact,ify!ouloMoktotheYMusiXT,[wEB Xsource,y!ouwill ndthatb\offisthebasiccontrolsequenceusedtode neb\skW,b\qsk,fetc.!to%썍Z2.9.CCOLLECTIVEfCODING:SEQUENCESOFNOTES33W썠 2.9$cCollectiveffcos3ding:32sequencesofnotes#As{seeninthe`MozarEtexample, ,~itisnotnecessarytowriteamacrosequence b\notes...\enotesforeac!hcolumn12 .If,ńonallsta sofallinstruments,ńspacingsareequalor m!ultipleofauniquevdDalue,$thenotesmaybMeconcatenatedineachsta :-eachnoteineachsta Cmak!esthecurrentpMositionhorizontallyadvdDancebytheelementaryspacingspMeci edbythefc!hoiceofb\notes,b\Notes,b\NOtes,etc.KTheVmajorin!terestofthisfeatureresidesinthatfactthatthenotemacrosareabletowritesev!eralߩitems;Kforinstanceb\qu{cdefghij}writestheZC-majorҹscaleinquarterswithstemup.InLthesamew!ayLb\cl{abcdef^gh}writestheZA-minorcuscaleineigh!ths.NotallnotegeneratingmacrosfcanbMeusedtoperformcollectiv!ecoding,butmostofthemcan.Iffnecessaryav!oidspace13 ncanbMeinsertedinacollectivecoMdingbyusingb*.$衍2.10,Accidentals#Acciden!talsfcanbMeintroMducedintwoways.Thet rstw!aye,thetZmanualNƹwayofcoMdingthem,consistsforexampleincodingb\flratoputahZ atatthepitc!h]a,tsuppMosedlybeforethefurthernoteofthatpitc!h.ThereisnocontrolupMontheVlfactthatanotewillbMeputatthispositionandatthispitc!h.4Naturals,fksharps,doubleVl atsandfdoublesharpsarecoMdedb\na]p,b\sh]p,b\dflKt]pandb\dsh]prespMectiv!elye.Alternate3proMceduresb\lfl2,WDb\lnaU,WDb\lsh,WDb\ldfl%I{and3b\ldsh%&place3thesameacciden!tals,WDbuttheirabscissaisshiftedonenoteheadwidthontheleft.BThepurpMoseofthisistoa!voidcollisionoffacciden!talsinachordwithnarrowintervdDals.The@secondw!ay@ofcoMdingacciden!talsconsistsinputtingthesymbMolb^(sharp),thesymbMolb_ڹ( at),Ѷthesym!bMolb=(natural),thesym!bMolb>(doublesharp),orthesym!bMolb<(double at)withinzthecoMdingofthenote,e.g.:Ƕb\qb{^g}yieldsa]G].Thisma!yverywellbMecombinedwithcollectiv!efcoMding,e.g.:b\qu{ac^d}.Tw!osizesareavdDailableforaccidentals.:TheyreverttothesmallversionwhennotesaresuppMosedStobetooclosetoeac!hother. cThesetwosizescanbMeforcesbycoMdingb\bigfl'я,b\bigsh"},etc.,orb\smallfl1,b\smallsh1l,etc.AIfonedoMesnotw!anttoha!veanysmallaccidentals,thenonecandeclareb\bigaccid; (con!verselyb\smallaccidG ^orb\varaccid{thelatterrestoringvdDariablefsizes).Small|acciden!talscanalsobMeputZabo!vethe|noteheads.`Thisisdoneusingb\uppersh6]p,b\upperna1]pforb\upperfl5J]p:5nH33ffbfWffbfWffbfWffbfWffbfWH3333ffHGȴ\HyfffȰՀ^HyyfffȬZHyfffH3333ffIt8alsopMossibletoin!troduceZcautionaryacciden!tals-onascore,,i.e.smallsizeaccidentalsbMet!ween2parentheses. nThisdonebyprecedingthenameoftheaccidentalkeywordbyabc,e.g.X(b!ycoMdingb\cfl]ptogetacautionary at.AvdDailablecautionaryaccidentalsareb\cshVй,gb\cflfv,b\cna,fb\cdfl$ andfb\cdsh d,fwhic!hgive:5!H33fffOfffOfffOfffOfffOH3333ffHG\yffZyff^Hyyfff[Hyfff ݟ]Hyyfff+H3333ffQff/4 L͍-=Q12aAlthoughTthecompilercompilesitfaster. -=Q13asameTbAeha9viourasg\sk"%썍34ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 Besides,fthedistancebMet!weenfnoteandacciden!talisin uencedbykb\accshiftD=Zan!yfT,[wEB XdimensionpMositiv!efvdDaluesshifttoleft,negativetoright,defaultisb0pt.&82.11,Tfransps3ositionffandoctaviationAn{impMortan!tfeatureistheexistenceofaspecialregisterb\transpose?3thenormalvdDalueofwhic!h isf0.Ify!ousayb\transpose=3allsubsequen!tpitchesspMeci edbyuppMerorlowercaseletters14 ǹwillbMetransposed3positions.Ify!ousetb\transposeAto7youmaywriteyourmusiconeoMctavebMelowits nalpitch.8Thus,y!oufcande neZoMctaviationmacroslikeb\def\soqu#1{\zq{#1}{\transpose=7\qu{#1}}}too(buildquarternoteoMcta!veso(inasinglecall.8#Notethattheocta!viatednoteiscodedwithinbracesfsothatthetranspMositionisonlylocal.ZOcta!viationncanalsobMeperformedinanotherw!aye,mnamelynusingspecialcodestotransposeb!y multiplesof7intervdDals. Feorexampleb\qu{'ab}isequivalen!ttob\qu{hi}andb\qu{`kl}is}equivdDalen!ttob\qu{de}.aItshouldbMeemphasizedherethattheb'(Zacuteaccent=)andtheb`(Zgra!ve1accent=)havecumulativee ects,dsothatb\qu{''A'A}isequivdDalenttob\qu{ah}andthatthe;b\transposeparameterisonlyresettoitsinitialvdDalue(notnecessarilyzero)whenc!hangingsta (orinstrumen!t(i.e.$b|orb&)oratb\enotes.Sincethisma!ybMeconfusing,itisusefultousetheb!pre xtoresettheb\transposeregisterexplicitelytothevdDalueithadwhenen!teringb\notes15 .Th!useb\qu{!a'a}alwaysgivesthenotebaanditsuppMerocta!veebhZshiftedb!ythevdDalueofb\transposeZatthebMeginningofthecurren!tb\notes...\enotesgroup(orb\Notes...\enotes,etc.)whatev!erfthenumbMerofpreviousgraveandacuteaccentsoMccurringinbMetween. |2.11.10Typicalpianoo`ctavetransp`osition a2.11.1.16/LoYcal2octatvetranspYositionof xedlength>>Hyfff#yfffffvf%H3333ffkwhic!hfiscoMdedasիff/4 L͍-=Q14aPitc9hesTspAeci edwith guresareabsoluteandnottransposed. -=Q15aThisTv|ralueissa9vedTinanotherregisternamedg\normaltransposeN.#٠%썍Z2.11.CTRANSPOSITIONfANDOCTeAȈVIATIONZd35W썠 `b\startextract `\NOTEs\octfindown{-5}{2.6}\qlj\qli\qlh\en`\endextractIfamoresophisticatedpMostingisw!anted,thiscanbeac!hievedrefe ningthemacrob\octnumber,vb\IoctfindownOandb\Toctfin1whosefe ectextendso!verflinebreaks. b\Ioctfinup]npstartsanoMcta!vetranspositionofreferencen!umber]n(with0^]n<6 ^b\maxoctlinesD)Ldashedlineatpitc!h]p(usually]p>10butitcanalsobMeanalphabeticpitc!hspMeci cation),,b\Ioctfindowne]npstartsalo!wereoctaveetranspositionatpitc!h]p(usually]p <^2),and!bMothextendun!tilterminatedwithb\toctfin.PYThedi erencebet!ween!b\Ioctfinup]nandb\Ioctfindowno]nistherelativ!epMositionofthe\8" gurewithrespecttothedashedline, qandtheqsenseoftheterminatinghoMok(notethatb\Ioctfinuphasahookunderthedashedline,8andcon!versely). Feorfthesak!eofbackwardcompatibilitye,Zb\ioctfinupCڰisequivdDalenttob\Ioctfinup0andb\ioctfindownH^isfequivdDalen!ttob\Ioctfindown0.Feorexample:hS􍍍Ѐ7ЀӀ733ffYffYffYffYffY733ffYffYffYffYffY733A33ff7I7G-/533ff ff  ff L ff  L  L -/533ff  L  L & 2L v(33A33ff     ߀       33A33ff{߀ { { {ߟ {ܟ ){ٟ {蟭 {埰 {⟲ {ߟ {ܟ ){ٟ R.8   ;{֟33A33ffC< U9 g6 xb433ff  ff L 3` 8ff ff  C< U9 g6 y3 0ƀ b.33ff  *33A33ff whosefcoMdingis`b\begin{music}`\instrumentnumber{1}$%썍36ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 `b\setstaffs12 `\setclef1{6000}`%`\startextract`\notes\wh{CDEFGH}|\wh{cde}\Ioctfinup1p\wh{fgh}\enotes`\bar`\notes\Ioctfindown2A\wh{IJKLMN}|\wh{ijklmn}\enotes`\bar`\Notes\wh{NMLKJI}|\wh{nmlkji}\Toctfin1\enotes`\bar`\Notes\wh{HGFED}\Toctfin2\whC|\wh{hgfedc}\enotes`\endextract`\end{music}kʍTheelevdDationofoMcta!viationlinesmaybMeraised/loweredusingb\LiftoctlineL]npwhere]nisTthereferencen!umbMerTofthew!antedTocaveTline,and]nan!umberT(possiblynegativ!e)numbMerofsb\internoteb!ywhichthedashedlineshouldbMelifted. %ThisisparticularlyusefulwhenoMcta!viation]lineslastseveralsystemsandneedtobMeliftedinthesystemsoccuringfartherthanthefinitiation.-S2.11.20Transp`ositionofaccidentalsTheabMo!veproMcessesindeedchangetheverticalpMositionofthenoteheadsandassociatedsym!bols(notestems,eaccen!tsandbMeams)buttheydonottakecareofthenecessarychangesofaccidentalswhentranspMosing,\i.e.Ԯthefactthatan]FV]occurringwithazerosignatureshouldbecomea]B\when#transpMosingfromthetonalit!yof]Cפmajorto]Fymajorwherethenormal]Bǹisthe]B[.qSincethe)in!tentofthecompMoserisnotobvious{hemaywanttoshiftagroupofnoteswithinthesameutonalit!yorconverselytotranspMoseitinanothertonality{thisisnotdoneautomaticallye.Th!us theb\shL,,b\flk,,b\na,,b\dsh8>and b\dflsymbMols Zarenota ected{ӹbyachangeoftheb\transposeregister.ButthecompMoser/t!ypesettermayaskMusiXT,[wEB Xtodothatwork.4Inthiscase,heshouldcoMdeb\relativeaccidUF).KBInthatcase,ab\shcommandmeansthatthecorrespondingpitc!h16hastobMeraisedb!yZonehalfpitchwithrespMecttoitsnormalvdDalueZaccordingtothecurrentsignature.Th!usUb\shb(usingb\relativeaccidS)meansa]B]ifthesignatureiszeroorpMositive,andfa]B\ifitisnegativ!e.Thesamelogicappliesforallaccidentalsusingb\relativeaccidT!.In thesamew!aye,Fthe compactcoMdesb^,b_,b=arenormallynota ectedb!ytranspMositionanddsignatures,}buttheirbMeha!viourwillbec!hangedbysayingb\relativeaccidYE andresetbyb\absoluteaccidT!(thefdefaultsituation)17 .AlthoughhZrelativ!eaccidentalcoMdingπisaneasyandsafewayofcoMdingZtransposable|oscores,careմshouldbMeexercisedingettingridofthehabitofsa!yingb\nabtoraisethepitchofa]BbXwhenthebtonalit!yis]F6major(i.e.withb\setsign]n8AFb=-1orb\generalsignatureek{-1}).Anexampleofsophisticated.transpMositionisgiv!eninthescorebsouvenir.tex(whichb\inputsbsouvenix.tex).$[2.12,SlursffandtiesڣThefslursandtiespro!videdbyMusiXT,[wEB XcanbMedividedintotwocategories: ff/4 L͍-=Q16aTheTm9usicaloutputnote,notthetypAesettingposition. -=Q17aNotethatthebAeha9viourofg\sh,g\naandg\flwithMusiXTuAEXcorrespondstothebeha9viourofg\Sh,g\Naand g\Flt4withMusicTuAEX+m9usictrp.tex.9Butthegmusixcpt.tex leforcesthesamebAehaviourasMusiXTuAEXinthatrespAect,Tseepage76.%%썍Z2.12.CSLURSfANDTIES>8ѹ37W썠 l^`Thosewherethecompleteslursym!bMoliscomposedofasinglec!haracterfromoneofthe `slurffon!ts,andl^`thoseEwheretheslursym!bMoliscomposedthreediscretec!haracters,Ytoformthebeginning,`middlefandendoftheslur.lThe5formerarecalledZsimpleslursvandthelatterarecalledZcompMoundslurss.Teosomeexten!tthe,divisionbMet!ween,thet!wo,isin!visibletotheuser,inthatanumbMerofthemacrosdescribedbMelo!wʲwillselectbet!weenʲthet!woʲtypesʲautomaticallye.JHowever,othermacrosareprovidedtoenableHsimpleslurstobMespeci ed.Notethatslursofbotht!ypesm!ustbecodedwithinthepairb\notes...\enotes.!䤍2.12.10Generalslurco`ding4This=sectiondescribMestheusualmethodofslurcoding,3wherethec!hoicebet!ween=simpleorcompMound1slursismadeautomaticallye. Inthiscase,tslursareinitiatedandterminatedb!yseparatefmacros,asisthecaseforbMeams.!~>a2.12.1.16/Slur2initiationTheslurm!ustbMeinitiated_bpefore۹thespacingnoteatwhichtheslurbMegins,8andterminated_bpeforefthenoteatwhic!htheslurends.Thesimplestslurinitiationmacroisb\isluru< ]npwhic!hginitiatesanupperslur,withreferencenumbMer]n,beginningatpitc!h]p.Thestarting pMoin!tedofthesluriscentredabMoveanimaginaryquarternoteheadatpitch]p.2AsforbMeams,rdthereference`n!umbMer]ntakesvdDaluesfrom0to5,or0to8ifbmusixadd.texisincluded.vSimilarlye,b\islurd, ]np1initiatesalo!wer1slur.[>Theseslursareterminatedb!ycoMdingb\tslur*^]npwhere]nisthereferencen!umbMerand]pistheterminationpitc!h.Teoillustratewithasimpleexample,thefollo!wingfpassage5!n33ff̨ff̨ff̨ff̨ff̨n3333ffnGYyff˟?؀ff↓?ffT̄xffs̈́Eff&3xsld20+ۙfgЀʎ׀ʎ&ffy3333ffHyff˟?ހyff>HyffV{ҟ3333ffw!asfcoMdedas:l`b\NOtes\islurd0g\qug\tslur0{'c}\quc\en`\Notes\isluru0{'e}\ibl0e{-2}\qb0{edc}\tslur0b\tqb0b\en`\bar`\NOtes\islurd0{'a}\qua\tslur0{`f}\quf\en`\NOTes\hug\enOtherE'macrosarepro!videdtochangethestartingandendingpMointoftheslurinrelationtotheGinitialand nalnotes.Th!us,Zb\issluru4o]npinitiatesa\short"uppMerslursuitableforlinkingnotesin!volvedinchords.3ThestartingpMointisshiftedtotheright,andisverticallyalignedwiththecen!treofanimaginaryquarternoteheadatpitch]p.{Ifalowershortsluriswanted,onefshhoulduseb\isslurd5J]np.Sometimes,busy"scorescallforslurswhic!hareverticallyalignedwiththeendsofnotestemsrather4thannoteheads.These\bMeam"slurs|socalledbecausethesluriswrittenatusualbMeamߪheigh!t|areprovidedbythemacrosb\ibsluru7]npandb\ibslurd]np.Thesemacrosinitiateslursraisedorlo!weredbythecurrentstemheighttoaccommoMdatestemsorbeamsabMo!veforbelo!w.&œ%썍38ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 a2.12.1.26/Slur2terminationTeermination ofslurscanbMeac!hieved int!wo ways. First,$Fmacrosmatchingeachoftheinitial- izationfmacrosarepro!vided,asshownbMelow.2΍a덍InitiationsTeerminationzffgş b\isluru.=,fb\islurdt\tslur \issluru3Q,fb\isslurdt\tsslur\ibslurut\tbsluru\ibslurdt\tbslurdffgŎ5ߍThese|,spMeci cterminationmacrosenableslursstartedinonew!ay|,tobeterminatedinanother.Feor4example, aslurbMeginningasa\beam"slurma!ybeterminatedasanormalslur.Thisw!ouldbMefac!hievedusingthemacropairb\ibslur...\tslur.!La2.12.1.36/TiesThecoMdingofZties\Yfollo!wsfromtheabo!vediscussionasaspecialcaseofslurs,si.e./whenthereisSnopitc!hchange.[UppMertiesareinitiatedbyb\itieu)%]npwhichstartsanuppMertieofreferencen!umbMeri]natpitc!h]p.3Lowerrtiesareinitiatedbyb\itied']npwhichstartsanlowertieofreferencen!umbMerf]natpitc!h]p.TheGrstartingpMositionofthetieisthesameasb\issluruandb\isslurdrespectiv!elye.6Thetieisfterminatedb!ycoMdingb\tstie)]n.SomefsimpleexamplesofslursandtiesareillustratedbMelo!w.5!]HƟ33ff f;ff f;ff f;ff f;ff f;]HƟ3333ff]HƟGwHßffff&gpffvfȺ33ffL̈́͞yffΟ ˟?؀ ˟@ɟɟyffΟ{yff˟Ffyff+HyyfffgƙFe:lxslhd20ŽFe67wxslhz20ကFeyfffgH3333ffThisfw!ascoMdedas:9ύ`b\begin{music}`\startextract`\NOTes\isluru0g\hlg\tslur0h\hlh\en`\NOTes\islurd0c\issluru1g\zh{ce}\hug\tslur0d\tsslur1h\zh{df}\huh\en`\NOTes\ibsluru0g\islurd1g\hug\tubslur0h\huh\en`\NOTes\itieu0k\hlk\ttie0\tdbslur1f\hlk\en`\endextract`\end{music}!La2.12.1.46/Short2tiesUsualYm!usiccoMdingmakestiesnotdi erentofslurs,hi.e.FatieistypMesexactlylikeaslurlinkingt!wofnotesofsamepitc!h.However,fthistraditionalw!ayfofdoinghast!wofthedra!wback:9ύl^`infsomespMecialcases,atiemigh!tbeconfusedwithatieandcon!verselye,o6l^`c!hord-tiescannotbMeimplementedwiththeslurstartingabMoveorbMelowthenote,1lbutonly`startingfjustrigh!tofthenoMeteadand nishingjustleftoftheothernotehead.ThisAcanbMedoneusingb\issluru(2.12.1.2,7p.m38)orb\itenu*J~]np,b\itenl*Zt]npfortieinitiation,andfb\tten$ ]nftoterminateit.Asanexample:'%썍Z2.12.CSLURSfANDTIES>8ѹ39W썠233ff^̿ff^̿ff^̿ff^̿ff^̿3333ffG˕33ffL̈́͞" ffΟ|3333ffH <H<H`H33ffL̈́͞" ffΟ{ݟ3333ffТw!asfcoMdedas:>!b\begin{music} !\startextract!\NOTes\itenl0d\itenl1e\itenu2g\itenu3j\zh{ceg}\huj\enotes!\bar!\NOTes\tten0\tten1\tten2\tten3\zh{ceg}\huj\enotes!\endextract!\end{music}!2.12.20*Mo`difyingslurpropertiesꍹSev!eralxOmacrosareprovidedtomoMdifytheshapeofslursalreadyinitiated.΀Thesemacrosm!ustbMecodedbeforetheslurtermination.Notethatonlycompoundslurscanbemodi ed.Hence,callingfan!ymoMdi cationmacroforcestheslurtypMetobecompound.!&a2.12.2.16/*Changing2theriseorfallByadefault,`thearc!hofaslurrisesandfallsfromitsoriginalheightbythreetimestheverticalnotespacing.ڱThiscanbMec!hangedusingthemacrob\midslur57]hwhere]histherevisedverticaldisplacemen!t.UFeor9example,mb\midslur{6}coMdedbeforeb\tslurcausesanupperslurtorisetoamaxim!umheightofb6\internoteabMovethestartingpMosition.Notethatb\midslurmustbMecoMded}]_immepdiatelybeforetheslurtermination(eg,b\tslur)./Codingb\midslurbeforesettingasimplefslurcausesproblemsandshouldbMea!voided.!3oHß33fffAfffAfffAfffAfffAoHß3333ffoHßGHffffH@,IHffffUH3333ffoHß33fffAfffAfffAfffAfffAoHß3333ffoHßGHffffZ@vIHffffUH3333ffoHß33fffAfffAfffAfffAfffAoHß3333ffoHßGHffffZ@zIHffffUH3333ffТThisfw!ascoMdedas:>`b\startextract `\NOtes\multnoteskip8\itieu0g\qlg\en`\notes\ttie0\qlg\en`\endextract`\startextract`\NOtes\multnoteskip8\itieu1g\qlg\en([%썍40ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 `b\notes\ttie0\midslur7\ttie1\qlg\en `\endextract`\startextract`\NOtes\multnoteskip8\itieu2g\qlg\en`\notes\midslur{11}\ttie2\qlg\ena2.12.2.26/*Changing2thecurvLatureTheHdegreeofcurvdDaturedepMendsprimarilyontheinitialandterminalgradien!toftheslur,relativ!eZtoitsmeanslopMe. Themacrob\curve-3]hij=allowsthesetobMemodi ed. The rstparameter]histhev!erticaldeviationasforb\midslurdescribMedabo!ve.Thesecondparameter]iu-setstheinitialgradien!t,whilethethirdparameter]jsetsthe nalgradient. J1Thelatterparametersarede nedasthehorizon!taldistancerequiredtoattainmaximumverticaldeviation.Th!us^smallernumbMersfor]iand]j!leadtomoreextremegradients. Thedefaultsettingisb\curve344. SHence,coMding"b\curve322doublestheinitialand nalgradien!trelativetothedefault.Asywithb\midslur,b\curvem!ustbMecoded_immepdiatelybeforetheslurtermination.Lik!ewise,fcoMdingb\curvebeforeasimpleslurcausesproblemsandshouldbea!voided.m ThefexamplebMelo!willustratestheuseofb\curvemoreclearlye.5!oHß33fffAfffAfffAfffAfffAoHß3333ffoHßGHffffH@,IHffffUH3333ff3oHß33fffAfffAfffAfffAfffAoHß3333ffoHßGHffffZ@H$@"IHffffUH3333ffoHß33fffAfffAfffAfffAfffAoHß3333ffoHßGHffffZ@H"0@IHffffUH3333ffm Thisfw!ascoMdedas:@`b\startextract `\NOtes\multnoteskip8\itieu0g\qlg\en`\notes\ttie0\qlg\en`\endextract`\startextract`\NOtes\multnoteskip8\itieu1g\qlg\en`\notes\curve322\ttie1\qlg\en`\endextract`\startextract`\NOtes\multnoteskip8\itieu2g\qlg\en`\notes\curve111\ttie2\qlg\en`\endextracta2.12.2.36/*Breaking2slursacrossalineTw!omacrosareprovidedtocontrolthebMehaviourofslurswhichextendacrosslinebreaks.Normallye,thebpartoftheslurbMeforethelinebreakistreatedasatie.Thiscanbec!hangedusing/b\breakslur@]np,whic!h/setstheterminationheightofthebrokensluratthelinebreaktopitc!hf]p,forslurreferencenumbMer]n.)%썍Z2.12.CSLURSfANDTIES>8ѹ41W썠 Afterthelinebreak,theslurisnormallyresumedattheinitialpitc!hreference,theonecoMded inxMb\islur.STeoc!hangethis,themacrob\Liftslur<]npmaybMeused.SHere]nisagaintheslurreferenceon!umbMerand]pisthechangeinheightrelativetotheinitializationheight.ыThismacroislnormallyusedfollo!winglinebreaks,xinwhichcaseitisbMestcodedusingtheb\atnextlinemacro./Feordexample,scoMdingb\def\atnextline{\Liftslur06}raisesthecon!tinuationdofslurzerofb!yb6\internoterelativetoitsinitializationheight.LkThesefmacrosareillustratedb!ythefollowingexample.#a2.12.2.46/*Intverting2slurterminationkOccasionallyb\startpiece...\endpieceZour gb\barmeansam!usicianZbar)18oandoutside, 2itk!eeps-Litsoriginalmeaning.rIfyouZreallydneedtheoriginalb\barinside,youcansayb\endcatcodesmusic...\bar...\catcodesmusic. 2.13.20Barnumb`eringUnlessnotherwisespMeci ed,barsaren!umbered.5Thisnisagoodmeansof ndingerrorspro!videdthattheMusiXT,[wEB Xuserhasputcommen!tsinhissourcetextrecordingthe(expMected)barn!umbMer.However,Sthiscanlookunpleasan!tfor naloutputs,SsincethehabitistonumbMerbarsonlyeac!hother veortenbars.)Thisisnotaseriousproblemsincethefrequencyofbarn!umbMeringfisde nedas:|b\def\freqbarno9|{1}If y!oureplacetheb1byb5,)barnumbMeringwilloccureac!hother vebars.Yeoucanalsoinhibitan!yfbarnumbMer19 nprintingbytelling:b\nobarnumbersIffy!ouwanttorestorebarnumbMeringafterb\nobarnumbers,youcansayb\barnumbersThebarcoun!terisalsoaccessible,aqitsnameisb\barno'ҹ. -Yeoucanchangeitwithoutanydramaticfconsequence. ff/4 L͍-=Q18aiMesureeinTF:renc9h,iTaktDEinGerman. -=Q19adefaultTinsidethisman9ual+%썍Z2.13.CBARS|\43W썠 SometimesSthereisneedfortostartwithab\barnovdDaluewhic!hdi ersfrom1.,Perhapsthe piecefstartswithanZupbMeat=,theny!oucancode!񍍑b\startbarnoParedonebytheexternalprogrambmusixflx.Then_y!ougetthemostevenresultswhenyouinsertthefewestZmanualPlinebreakspMossible.Butasometimesthereisreallyneedforthem,`e.g.pagebreakshouldpreferablyoMccurwhenfthem!usicianhasonehandfreetoturnthesheet.Yeou2canforcealinebreakwithb\alaligne:^insteadofb\barڹ.vInthesamew!ay, you2cancoMdeb\alapage1tofforceanb\eject)ȹwithpropMerreinitializationofsta s,clefsandsignatures.Ontheotherhand,y!oumaywanttoforbidline-breakingatabar,thenyoushouldreplaceb\barfwithb\xbar d.Con!verselye,Hyou1WmaywanttobreakalineZnotatabar)21 1.Thisisallowedbyb\zbar#!(optionallinefbreak)orforcedb!yb\zalaligne@porb\zalapage7c`.Thehea!vy naldoublebarofapieceisprovidedbyb\Endpiece:torb\Stoppiece=a.Ifyoujustw!anttoterminatethetextwithasimplebar,șy!ousayb\stoppieceA(orb\endpiece7~./Ifyouwanttofterminateitwithoutabar,y!oucoMdeb\zstoppieceCԴ.OnceyouhavestoppMedthescorebyan!yofthesemeans,8&youcanrestartitusingb\startpieceCWM,8&b\contpieceAɹorb\ContpieceAwhichinden!tsthenextlinetakingaccountonthevdDalueofb\parindent=t.ҡb\ContpiececanbMeusedtoc!hangefthenumbMerofinstrumentsinonepiece.Ifgy!ouwantthenextverticalbartobMeadoublebar,youhavetodeclareb\doublebarBLorb\setdoublebarNJǹbMefore%theb\bar(ortheb\stoppiece@orb\alaligne:Dorb\alapage1u)tobemark!edwithadoublethinbar.Inthesamew!ayyoucandeclareb\setdoubleBARRifyouwanttohaveahea!vydoublebar(thesameasb\Stoppiece)andevenb\setemptybarLk,tomakethenextb\barin!visible22 ."_2.14.20Howtomanageindividualpagelayout^ b%1.`Yeouwritey!ourownoutputroutine,whichcentersthecontentsinmiddleofthepage.`MostOimpMortan!tarethenthevdDaluesofb\stafftopmargQ[andb\staffbotmargN ,aCbecausethey`decidefoftheamoun!tofmarginbMetweensuccessivesystems. Eff/4 L͍-=Q20aWithexceptionoftheMusicTuAEXcommandg\autolines,whic9hisprovidedinthe legmusixcpt.tex,seepage 76. -=Q21aF:or example,"y9oumayprefertoturnthepageataplacewherethepianisthasonehandfree,"inthemiddleofTabar.-=Q22aTheseTlatterfeaturesaregiv9enforyourinformation,buttheyshouldbAeusedonlyincaseofemergency:.-!c%썍Z2.15.CCHANGINGfSCOREAeTTRIBUTES:45W썠 b%2.`IfRy!ousayb\raggedbottomN,ctheverticalglueisremovedandthescoreisrathercompacted `atfthetopofpage. b%3.`Yeou?c!hangethevdDalueofb\parskip6|andsayb\normalbottomS;@(whichbMehaveslikeLٺAGT,[wEB X's`b\flushbottomc؏and|whic!hisdonebydefaultworkingwithbplain.tex).Thenthevertical`spacebMet!weenthesta sischangedtogetthe rststa onpageontopandthelaststa `onbpagetobMottom(dependsonb\vsize%).^Itmigh!tbeclev!ertoinsertab\eject)Cιbeforethe`b\bye2^. b\musicparskipTTset bMet!weentwosystemsnoextradistance,$)butthepMossibilityto`increasefthedistanceuptob5\Interligne.Besides,Sfollo!wing?JvdDaluesofe.g.papMersizearechanged(onlyifyouZdonot|JworkwithLٺAGT,[wEB X)to:k`b\parindent=0pt`\hoffset=-15.4mm`\voffset=-10mm`\hsize=190mm`\vsize=260mm$ʍ2.14.30HowtoadjustthegloballineandpagelayoutZOnce)y!ouhavemadeyourwholescore,5youwillprobably ndoutthatallsystems(all\lines")ha!vefacorrectla!youtfwithnicebMeams,niceslurs,andothers.Butitislik!elythat:l^`The resulttak!estoMomanyortoMofewpagesandyouestimateamoreorlesscompactscore`w!ouldfbMesuitable.l^`TheTresultstak!esaconvenientnumbMerofpages,butthelastpageexhibitsawidowline`orfanuglyblankspaceattheend.Teofsolv!ethis,youwayreverttotwostrategies: b%1.`Explicitely$8forcelineandpagebreakingatthev!eryplacesyoulike;OthiscanbMedoneusing`b\alaligne,:b\alapage,b\zalaligneorb\zalapagecommands.ThiscanalsobMesoneusing`thebb\autolinescommandimpMortedfromMusicT,[wEB Xandpro!videdinthebmusixcpt.tex`additionalYl le.4Butthesew!ayYlofdoingma!yresultinunfortunatelyunevendistributionof`thefnotesinthescore,whic!histhereforenotverysmart. b%2.`AdaptbMoththeb\muloosenessV andtheglobalvdDalueofb\elemskipZwithinb\notes...\enotesZisecientinbMoth`passes,fandcausesomew!eirderrorsifyoumixupscalableandnotscalabledimensions.'P2.15,ChangingffscoreattributesAsseenbMefore, 9y!oucanchangethesignatureofthewholesetofinstrumentsbyb\generalsignaturef]n_where]n-C>0_meansan!umbMer_ofsharps,@\]n-C<0_meansan!umber_of.2%썍46ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 ats..Or,y!ou!mayprefertochangethesignatureofonlyoneortwoinstrumentsbythestate- men!t:b\setsignB]nb{]sb}where]nisthen!umbMeroftheinstrumen!tconsidered,Hand]sitsspeci csignature. 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rstbarofthisexcerptw!ascoMdedas:5b\begin{music}\instrumentnumber{1}\setstaffs1{2}\interstaff{11}\setclef1\bass%F-andG-clefs\generalsignature{-3}%3flats\parindent0pt\startpiece\qspace\nspace Nff/4 L͍-=Q23aOldTcompAosersusesthebarrulesv9eryrarely/B)%썍Z2.16.CREPEAeTSgHչ47W썠 b\Notes\arpeggioE5\ibslurd0o\zq{EI}\quN% T\nextstaff\ibl0e{-2}\zq{eg}\qb0l\zqd\qb0k\enotes\setclef1\treble\zchangeclefs\nspace\Notes\tbu0\zq{ce}\qb0j\nextstaff\zq{sn}\cll\enotes\notes\invertslur0\tslur0t\zq{be}\qui\nextstaff\zq{sn}\qll\enotes\setclef1\bass\changeclefs\notes\islurd0k\zqE\cuI\nextstaff T\ibbu1h{-3}\zq{ae}\qb1h\tbu1\zqN\qb1g\enotes\end{music}ZMeteroc!hangesfareimplementedinfollowingway:Rb\setmeterHc`]nb{{]m1b}{]m2b}{]m3b}{]m4b}}%where]nisthen!umbMeroftheinstrumen!t,]m1speci esthemeterofthelo!wersta ,]m2themeter offthesecondsta ,etc.(ifnecessary!).Sincemeterc!hangesaremeaningfulonlyacrossbars,ptheyareactuallytakeninaccountwithfb\changecontextWorfb\Changecontextorfb\zchangecontext]¹orfb\alaligne; ƹorfb\alapage1.$D2.16,Reps3eatsCTeo8insertaZrepMeatbaray!oucanusefollowingsetsofproMcedures,knamelyb\leftrepeatE,b\rightrepeatH^andfb\leftrightrepeat_,fwhic!haresubstitutetheb\bar.Feorexample:5n{M33ffͳ-ffͳ-ffͳ-ffͳ-ffͳ-{M3333ff{MGoyffE3333"H3333ff7U|yffራ7䈭333333337yyfff73333ff3333$ H3333ffhasfbMeencodedas:U `b\NOTes\hag\enotes`\leftrepeat`\NOTes\hah\enotes`\leftrightrepeat`\NOTes\hai\enotes`\rightrepeat`\NOTEs\whj\enotesSpMecial3casesareforcedlinebreaks::ify!ouwanttoforceanewlineatarepMeat,J.youshouldcoMderespMectiv!ely:`b\setrightrepeatq\alaligne`\setrightrepeatq\endpiece`\alaligneO\leftrepeat`\contpieceTܨ\leftrepeat`\startpieceZR\leftrepeatorfthecom!binationoftwooftheseinthecaseofaleft/rightrepMeat.RAsecondw!ayofcoMdingconsistsinsayingb\setleftrepeatXD, 8b\setrightrepeatg orb\setleftrightrepeatr%bMeforeabar(b\bar),=\b\stoppieceCorb\changecontextUgD).Inthiscase,the 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erenttypMesizesandthreestyles.ZThetypMesizesare87pt,Z10pt,12pt,14pt,17ptand257pt,whilethethreest!ylesareroman,bMoldanditalic.Thethreesmallert!ypMesizesareavdDailableinallthreestyles,whilethelargerthreesizes,whic!harein!tendedfortitles,areavdDailableonlyinbMoldstyle.ThesizeselectionmacrosarerespMectivelyb\smalltype9|,xb\normtype75,xb\medtype1v,xb\bigtype,xb\Bigtype4P,xb\BIgtypeandmJb\BIGtype1j.Feollo!wingthehsizeselection,zthest!ylemaybMeselectedorchangedusingb\rm(roman),zb\bf(bMold)orb\it (italic).WIfnost!yleselectionismade,romanstylewillresultforthesizessmallerthanb\medtype.;Feorthelargersizes,st!yleselectionisnotrequiredsinceonlybMoldstyleisprovided.Th!us,selectionofeightpMointitalicisdoneusingb\smalltype\it,whiletwelvepMointromanisselectedUusingb\medtype\rmorsimplyb\medtype.٩Teoc!hangebMetweenstyleswhilemaintainingthe6samesize,ZcoMdeb\rm,b\itorb\bfasinPlainT,[wEB X.vThisinformationissummarizedinthefollo!wingftable.^yƩffŤ 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withinfb\notes...\enotes)."oI2.17.40Accentsl^`b\upz6]pf(uppMerZpizzicatoй)toputadotabo!vefanoteheadatpitc!h]p,l^`b\lpz6]pf(lo!werZpizzicatoй)toputadotbMelowanoteheadatpitch]p,l^`b\usf6]pf(uppMerZsforzandoй)toputa]>accen!tabo!vefanoteheadatpitc!h]p,l^`b\lsf6]pf(lo!werZpizzicatoй)toputa]>accentbMelowanoteheadatpitch]p,l^`b\ust6]pf(uppMerZstaccato36orZportatoй)toputah!yphenabo!vefanoteheadatpitc!h]p,l^`b\lst6]pf(lo!werZstaccato36orZpMortatoй)toputahyphenbMelowanoteheadatpitch]p,l^`b\uppz;ļ]pf(uppMerstrongZpizzicatoй)toputanapostropheabo!vefanoteheadatpitc!h]p,l^`b\lppz;]p{@(lo!werstrongZpizzicatoй)toputareversedapMostrophebelo!wanoteheadatpitch `]p.l^`b\ufz6]pf(uppMerZsforzatoй)toputa`roof'abo!vefanoteheadatpitc!h]p,l^`b\lfz6]pf(lo!werZsforzatoй)toputareversed`roMof'belo!wanoteheadatpitch]p.4%썍52ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 l^`b\upzstA]p(uppMerZten!uto/staccatoй)toputacombinedtenuto/staccatosignabMoveanote 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ff@V[H3333ffPw!asfcoMdedas:喍b\startextract\Notes\ibu0f3\busfz0\qb0f\bupz0\qb0g\bust0\qb0h% T\buppz0\qb0i\busf0\qb0j\butext0\tqh0k\en\Notes\Ibl0lg5\blsfz0\qb0l\blpz0\qb0k\blst0\qb0j% T\blppz0\qb0i\blsf0\qb0h\bltext0\tqb0g\en\endextract'Y2.17.50*IndicationofYx-tupletscTTeripletsagandother]x-tuplets|inpracticetheitalicn!umbMersagZ39,'Z4,Z5,etc.canagbMesetattherigh!txhorizontal/verticalpMositioninvokingtheb\triplet6orb\xtupletmacrosattheleftmostpMositionfofthegroup,i.e.beforethe rstnoteiscoded.Pb\trioletD,hasonlyoneargumen!t,WthepitchofthebMottomofthe gure3,Wb\xtuplethastwoargumen!ts:thef gureanditspitch.Ifthe gurehastobMeputabo!veanupperbeamorbelo!walowerbMeam,usingthemacrosb\butext+(abMo!ve)kandb\bltext/|(belo!w)isadvisabletopostthe gureabo!vekorbelo!wthegivenbMeam.-b\butextandb\bltextha!veoneargumen!t,ǩnamelythebeamn!umber(namelythesameasbthe rstargumen!tofcommandssuchasb\ibuorb\Ibu).^Ifthegroupofnotesisnotatriolet,thefactual gurehastobMec!hanged,rede ningthemacrob\txtKtwhichissetupbydefaultto:b\def\txt{\eightit3}%5n33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎ3333ffG׍2 4Xr1ڀ6*f↓?ffT&?ffT?ffT?ffT?ffTtǟU7j35fjZ"?ffT3333ffڀ3↓?ffT&0kffOAЀY*ff^P??ffTؒ^3&0kffI/؀AЀY*ff^ D3333ff1$3\yfff+yfffgyfffc3333ffm# ##Տ*# Տ+i93m'yfff @ff-Հ# ##Տ*# Տ+i93#Dyyfff֟33ff ̈́@ff-đa3333ffff/4 L͍-=Q25aThanksTtoKlaushBecherfet'scorrections.5%썍Z2.17.CMISCELLANEOUS;.#53W썠 `b\notesp\xtuplet6n\isluru0l\ibl0l0\qb0{lllll}\tslur0l\tqb0l\en\bar `\notesp\trioletn\isluru0l\Ibl0ln2\qb0{lm}\tslur0n\tqb0n\en`\notesp\ibslurd0k\Ibl0km2\qb0k\bltext0\qb0l\tdbslur0m\tqb0m\en\bar`\Notesp\trioleto\isluru0l\ql{lm}\tslur0n\qln\en\bar`\Notesp\uptrioo16\qll\en\notesp\cln\en`\Notesp\uptriop16\qlm\en\notesp\clo\en$n鍍2.17.60*UsualornamentsSa2.17.6.16/ArpYeggiosZArpMeggios(i.e. 2FFF 2)fcanbecodedwiththemacro܍b\arpeggioHc`]pmwhere]pisthepitc!hofthebaseofthearpMeggiosymbMoland]misitsmultiplicity(onepMeriodis equaltoonespacebMet!weensta lines,%8i.e. 5poin!ts). Thismacrocausesnospacing.IfshouldbMeissuedbMeforetheconcernedc!hords.ItsvdDariantb\larpeggio?setsthearpMeggiosymbMolnearlyonenotefheadwidthontheleft,inordertoa!voidfcollisionwithacciden!talsinfrontofthechords.a2.17.6.26/T\rillsSTerillscanbMecodedinsev!eralways.0b\trille5X]pl(where]pisthepitchand]lisanumbMerofcurren!tfZnoteskipU)yieldsEEEE#whileb\Trille/r]plݏyields_tr EEEEEE<5.܍FeorUlongertrillsexpandingo!verUbarsandlinebreaks,fabMetterw!ayUconsistsinspecifyingthebMeginningGwithb\Itrille3G]npwhere]nisthetrillreferencen!umberG(0 ^]n<6=b\maxtrills9|)andterminate%itwiththecommandb\Ttrille4Hr]n.Ifonew!ants%the_trmen!tionatthebMeginning,?Uthenone,shoulduseb\ITrille63]np.<.Theancien!tcommandsb\itrille2|,8]b\ttrille6P]pandb\tTrille]pstill{w!orkbutbMewarethattheirsyntaxisdi erent,5thattheopMeningandtheclosingmustbMeinfthesamebarandthattheusethesameregistersasb\Itrille0.`ZREMARK:gbtrilleZandbTrilleZalsoexistinMusicT,[wEB X.3Unfortunatelye,thesamemacronamesdok3notha!vek3thesamesyn!taxandthesamesemanticinbMothpackdDagesandbmusixcpt.texZforces!thebMeha!viourandthesyntaxofMusicT,[wEB X.qAsolutiontothisproblemconsistsinusingb\trilleC1,Zandb\TrilleC4Ztoha!vetheMusicT,[wEB XbMehaviour,#andb\trilleX4Zandb\TrilleXZtoha!vethefMusiXT,[wEB XbMeha!viour,evenwhenbmusixcptZisinvoked.܍Feorfexample:j/Ѐ6ЀӀ633ff[ff[ff[ff[ff[633ff[ff[ff[ff[ff[633A33ff6I6G3/433ffffLͣ̈́ffL͟33ffL̈́ff3ffyff yffyffyff:{ffʟ |'33A33ff33ff  k^ yfff333ff   ͒>NEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEC yffyffyffyffyff L̟3ffL̈́͞yff+33A33ff܍whosefcoMdingis``b\begin{music}`\instrumentnumber{1}`\setstaffs12`\setclef1{6000}`%6%썍54ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 `b\startextract `\notes\qu{CDEFGH}|\huk\sk\ITrille1p\itenu1l\whl\enotes`\bar`\notes\Itrille2A\itenu1e\whpE|\tten1\hlpl\sk\Ttrille1\qu{mno}\enotes`\bar`\Notes\tten1\itenu1E\whpE|\ql{nmlkji}\Toctfin1\enotes`\bar`\Notes\tten1\whpE\sk\sk\sk\sk\Ttrille2|\qu{hgfedc}\enotes`\endextract"Da2.17.6.36/Piano2pYedalcommandsxFb\PED׷insertsthepianopMedalcommandbelo!wthesta ;dpedalreleaseisspeci edb!yb\DEP׷;dalsoa!vdDailable>areshortervarian!tsofthepMedalsignswhichareinvokedwithb\sPED#ιandb\sDEP X;Lthustheffollo!wingexampleb!ЀwЀӀw33ff̫ff̫ff̫ff̫ff̫w33ff̫ff̫ff̫ff̫ff̫w33A33ffwIwG# WyffSyffOff!|33A33ff{"{ HyffHyff)Hff;{֟hM{ӟ33A33ffw!asfcoMdedas:!b\NOtes\PED\whJ|\qu`h\enotes!\NOtes|\qug\enotes!\NOtes|\huk\enotes!\Notes\DEP\enotes\bar!\NOtes\sPED\whJ|\quh\enotes!\NOtes|\qug\enotes!\NOtes|\huk\enotes!\Notes\sDEP\enotesThe=v!erticalpMositionofb\PED*l^`b\MordentM]pffor 8Vw5,l^`b\shakeAf]pfforW ͹,7E%썍Z2.17.CMISCELLANEOUS;.#55W썠 l^`b\ShakeAf]pffor 8VX5,Rl^`b\ShakelGD]pffor 8Vj5,l^`b\ShakeswM]pffor 8Vl5,l^`b\ShakeneM]pffor 8Vm5,l^`b\ShakenwM]pffor 8Vk5,l^`b\turn;ļ]pffor 8VD5,l^`b\backturnRd]pffor 8VC5,l^`b\fermataupX]pfputsaZfermataatpitc!h]p.NospacingoMccurs.l^`b\fermatadowndb]pfputsarev!erseZfermataatthesameplace.l^`b\FermataupXb]pDputsaZfermataatpitc!h]pcenteredabMoveawholenote.'NospacingoMccurs.l^`b\Fermatadowndb]pfputsarev!erseZfermataatthesameplace.l^`AުbigZbreathingcommacanbMeputabo!vethesta |toindicatewherethesingeris `w!elcometobreath,ortoindicateashortrest|usingb\zbreath3Ԯ(nospacing)orb\cbreath`(cen!tredinab\noteskipspace).WTheMusicT,[wEB Xb\breath1ĹisnomoreavdDailablesinceit`in!volved]a\hard"spacingofthewidthofthatc!haracter,_which]resultedintroubleswith`MusiXT,[wEB X.Rl^`Thefb\caesura5JcommandfcanalsobMeusedtoinsertasmallslash,suc!has5!H33ffJf[ffJf[ffJf[ffJf[ffJf[H3333ffHGffϟ 4Ο)ffVfVfOz@ff(Ο@ff-H3333ff#oM2.17.70Dynamicsigns䍹VeariousdynamicsignscanbMepostedwithb\crescendo={]l7)b}orb\decrescendoI{]lb},4GtobMeusesasargumen!tsftob\zcharnote,b\zchar,b\uptext,b\zmidstaff,etc.%Note:Thefbiggestsignis^'68mmlong.Alternately~*theycanbMeproducedusingthepairofb\icresc19andb\tcrescorb\tdecresc8;$. Sa!yingonetimeb\icrescyoucanforceseveralb\tcrescorb\tdecrescwiththesamestartingpMoin!t.b!Ѐ]ЀӀ]33ff ?٤ff ?١ff ?١ff ?١ff ?َ]33ff ?٤ff ?١ff ?١ff ?١ff ?َ]33A33ff]G]G׍q'12 u8׍q'12 u88Oވp36pp533ffL̈́͞@ff(Wƀ@ff(@ff(@ff(@ff(@ff(@ff( ˟ @ff-@ff-@ff-@ff-8Op8ON fwvffTm@@ff-fj33A33ff%In!tensityfconventionalsignsare:b\ppp,b\pppp 8,b\ppp,b\ppZ,b\p:,b\mp,b\mf,b\f,b\fp,b\sF,b\ff,b\fff,fb\ffff d,fresultinginp36ppp,fppp,pp,p,mp,mf,f,fwvp,_sf,fwvf,fffandffff.88%썍56ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 2.17.80LengthofnotestemsJNormallye,thelengthofnotestemsisthedistanceofoneoMcta!ve,i.e.b7\internote.Thisis equivdDalen!tto4.66b\interbeam>B. IThelengthofthestemsmaybMechangedusingthemacrob\stemlenght?uorb\alapage3Y[). Morepreciselye,titisexecutedafterthebreakrandbMeforethenextsystemist!yped.Thusritis tforpostingnewde nitionsofla!youtparameters,fwhennosystemispMending26 .=Insomescores,tenorpartsarenotcoMdeusingtheZbass clef,butusingrathertheZviolinclefsubscriptedCtb!yab8.ThisisnotdirectlysuppMortedbytheb\setclef68command,jbutitcanbMehandledfusingb\everystaffFandb\zcharnote=# .Asanexamplethefollo!wingscoren`H33fffOfffOfffOfffOfffOH33fffOfffOfffOfffOfffOH33fffOfffOfffOfffOfffOHV33fffOfffOfffOfffOfffOH3333ffHIHGHGHeGH8H8yffyffyffɟyfffyffyffyffyffyffɟyfffyfffyfffbyffɟyfffyfffyfff+H3333ffff/4 L͍-=Q26aItsTlogicissimilartoplainTuAEX'sg\vadjust+Xcommand.:X%썍58ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 w!asfcoMdedas:r`b\instrumentnumber{4} `\setclef1\bass`\def\everystaff{%&X\znotes&\zchar{-6}{\eightrm\kern-2\Interligne8}%&X&\zchar{-6}{\eightrm\kern-2\Interligne8}\en}%`\startextract`\NOTes\ha{HIJK}&\ha{efgh}&\ha{hijk}&\ha{hmlk}\en`\endextract&q2.18,SmallffandtinynotesñBefore-=en!teringdetails,NletuspMointoutthatwearepresentlyconcernedwithtypingnotesofsmaller!dsizethanthenormalone,@#withoutattemptingtoc!hangetheintervdDalbMetweenthe velinesfbuildingasinglesta .Changingsta linein!tervdDalwillbMetreatedinafurthersection.!D$2.18.10Cadenzasandexplicitornaments%Ornamen!ts0andZcadenzasJusuallyneedtobMewrittenusingsmallernotes27 .}Thiscanbedoneev!erywherebystatingb\smallnotesizeZ@orb\tinynotesizeO.WNormalnotesizeisrestoredbyb\normalnotesizeV:.⍑Thesemacrosonlyha!vealoMcalscope. Th!us,ifthesemacrosareinvokedoutsidetheb\notes...\enotespair,uthec!hangeisvdDalidfortherestofthepieceunlessexplicitelymoMd-i ed2qbut,tiftheyarein!voked2qinside,theire ectisloMcaltothecurren!tsta ofthecurrentb\notes...\enotesdpair.gAsanexample,thefollo!wingexcerpt(bMeginningoftheAriaofthe\Creation"fb!yJoseph`HaEydn)̍}K33ff2ff2ff2ff2ff2}KӀ}K33ff2ff2ff2ff2ff2}K33ff2ff2ff2ff2ff2}K33n33ff}KI}KI}KG׍3P{4 3P{4׍3P{4 3P{4׍3P{4 3P{4H=I>8OH=IaIYIH=I>N yff`=E33n33ffh h g#33ffff y?ffTnpwffhrfjfcy#33ff y?ffT~G~ ̏ffG ff눟րzߟ^p눟qzߟ 0ff-ޟ33ffff y?ffTe35fj,pff y?ffTzff-؟33ffff y?ffTff y?ffTffff y?ffTۙ35fj6f]ff y?ffTןyfff#yfff˟33n33ff$ 1  1 ffvf#yfffyffΟ??ffTff y?ffTff?ffTff€ ?fj6f]?ffTP򟏀@ff)W$yfff#?ffTU%33ff y?ffTffT@ff( L̟ 33ff?ffT?fcyffΟ??ffxӎzGYӎ{ǿՎzʠՎͿ?ffUW$rfj6f]33ff y?ffT33n33ff⍹canfbMecodedas:r`b\instrumentnumber{2}`\generalmeter{\meterfrac44}`\setstaffs2{2}`\setclef2{\bass}`\setclef1{\bass}`\startbarno=0`\startextract`\NOtes\qp&\zmidstaff{\bfII}\qp|\qug\en`%mesure1 ff/4 L͍-=Q27aThisTisindepAenden9tofthesta size.;%썍Z2.18.CSMALLfANDTINYNOTESř59W썠 `b\bar `\Notes\itieu2J\whJ&\zwN\ibl0c0\qb0e|\quj\en`\notes&\ibl0c0\qb0c|\multnoteskip\tinyvalue\tinynotesize&X\Ibbu1ki2\qb1{kj}\tqh1i\en`\Notes&\qb0e\tbl0\qb0c|\quj\en`\Notes&\ibl0c0\qb0{ece}\tbl0\qb0c|\qll\sk\qlj\en`%mesure2`\bar\Notes\ttie2\whJ&\qlJ\sk\qlL|\zquppg\qbl1e0%&X\zqc\qb1e\zqc\qb1e\zqc\tbl1\zqb1e\en`\notes&|\sk\ccuh\en`\Notes&\qlN\sk\ibl0L{-4}\qbp0L|\ibl1e0\zqc\zqb1e\cug%&X\zqc\zqb1e\raise\Interligne\ds\zqug\qb1g\en`\notes&\sk\tbbl0\tbl0\qb0J|\tbl1\zqc\qb1e\en`\endextract8OW2.18.20Gracenotes͍GraceKxnotesareaspMecialcaseofsmallandtin!ynotes:(thedi erenceisthattheyarealwayscoMded2aseigh!thnoteswithanobliquebaroverthe ag.DTeopMerformthis,IspecialvdDarian!tsofb\cuand*b\cl$ha!ve*bMeenpro!vided,Knamelyb\grcu%xandb\grcl ,withtheonlydi erencethatthe aghas.BbMeenslashed.urUsingthistogetherwiththenotereductionmacro,P9gracenotes(optionallyc!hordfgracenotes)canbMeeasilycoded:5̍33ff̵ff̵ff̵ff̵ff̵3333ffGRyffѯ ff$Nmusix16 Kyffz3333ff{{efeff  {ޟ /{؟3333ff1Thefpreviousexamplew!ascoMdedas:1_`b\startextract`\NOTes\huh\enotes`\notes\multnoteskip\smallvalue\smallnotesize\grcuj\enotes`\NOTes\hui\enotes`\bar`\notes\multnoteskip\tinyvalue\tinynotesize\zqh\grclj\enotes`\NOTEs\whi\enotes`\endextract8OW2.18.30Othernoteshap`es͍Theclassicalnoteheadsgiv!enabMove|namely0,0and y|canbMereplacedwithlessclassical',noteheads,@forexampletocoMdespecialZviolinharmonicnotesorZpercussionm!usic.tSeeanfexamplein2.21.2.1A!t]presenttime,kalternateavdDailablenoteheadscanbMefoundintheextensionlibrarye,ksee2.26.6,f2.26.13,2.26.9and2.26.11.<0%썍60ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 2.19,Sta ffsize)2.19.10Movingfrom20ptto16pt,24ptor29ptsta sizesandconversely%Yeoualsow!anttowritesomepartsofy!ourscorein20ptsta sizeandothersin16ptor24ptor 28.8ptsta size,`namelyfordistinctpartsofpieces.Changingthegeneralsta sizeisdoneb!ysa!ying:6b\smallmusicsizeg:,forb\normalmusicsize_,orb\largemusicsizeY\,orb\Largemusicsize.respMectiv!elye.I5`2.19.20Changingsta sizeforcertaininstrumentsRegardlessofthegeneralc!hoiceofb\smallmusicsizeorb\normalmusicsize,~itisnowpMossible toaRassigncertaininstrumen!ts{notseparatesta sbMelongingtoasameinstrument{tohavenarro!werforlargerZsta size,i.e.narro!werforlargerZsta spacing.Thisisdoneusing6b\setsizeB]nb{Zsizeb}whereO]nisthen!umbMerOoftheinstrumen!tconsidered.Feourdi erentZsizesѹareavdDailableasstan- dards:=Lb\normalvalueK9D, whic!hVisthedefault,b\smallvalueHw(0.80timesnarro!wer),b\tinyvalue(0.64timesnarro!wer),͊b\largevalueH[(1.2timeslarger)andb\LargevalueHaT(1.44timeslarger).But,fify!ouknowpMerfectlywhatyouaredoing,youcanalsosay:6b\setsize3{2.0}whic!h^willprovidethethirdinstrumentwithsta sofspacingtwicethestandardvdDalue.Inthat case,fMusiXT,[wEB Xwillusethenearestsym!bMolsizeavdDailable,butthisislikelytobMeratheruglye.AnfalternateandequivdDalen!tcoMding|aremnantfromMusicT,[wEB X|couldbMe:b\def\staffspacingiii{2.0}\setsizeW@m!ustbMeinvokedbMeforethestartingcommandb\startpiece,gsincethisstatementdoMesrnotonlyc!hangetheverticalspacingbMetweensta lines,|butitalsochangesthesizeofthek!eye,faccidentalandnotesymbMolsto tthemodi edsta linespacing.Ho!wever,VitՍmustbMeemphasizedthatnon-standardsta spacingsusethenearestavdDailablefon!tVsize.ThismakenoseriousproblemfornotesandaccidentalswhichmaybMeslightlytoMosmallortoMobig,butclefsandrestsma!yappeartobeshiftedup!wardsordo!wnwards.Thistroublexisprogressiv!elyremoved,butitrequireschangingthebmusix*fonts,withsomepMossiblec!haractersfforgotten...orthefactthatuserusesafontolderthanT.60version.Asanexample,zw!egivetwobarsoftheZAveMariabyCharles`Gounod,zbasedonthe rstpreludeYnofJohann-SebastianBac!h'sZWeellTempMeredCla!vier"(transcriptionfororgan,hviolinandv!oice,fthankstoMarkus`Veittes):=%썍Z2.19.CSTeAFFfSIZE[61W썠ЀӀ33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎ33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎfkffǤ32ffǡffǡffǡffǎ^ffǤ32ffǡffǡffǡffǎ33̽ffЀdڎIG5G5h G3S3S3S3dS%왟33ffFgyffff@ +ffffL̈́͞ ٚff'l?&v֟39ff35 /ff}k#gra|+nffs /ff@ffT@~> <*ф}ffXvٟ33ffyffT <* ffTffTTzs5fj&NTz35fj&N +3ffffT33ffFgyffff@ +ffffL̈́͞ ٚff?[]OV39ff352f'ff[]g*L$ffs̑ff8ffT@~> <*ф}ff8f-2ff}k |$]΀ώA_ώvnff=s32ff ̈́5cffY33ffyffT <* ffT Xf-̑ff3o}k$tif-nff ff 3/ff36(PxffTTzs5fj&NTz35fj&N +3ffyffT*DŽ4L5ƎPxf- f*ff}kSaZnff ̈́ feff(񕘟33A33ff񕘟33 ff񕘠kfq ffb33ffFgyffff@ +ffL͟L̈́ ٚffha?ha~ /fffg}k)pple| 7lׄ /ff 4zMff@To^솪To^ƪ <*dff2mff <* ffLffTzsfj&㎍Tz곉fj&㎑ <*ffF736 feff-?jZj> xslhu13進6'Zj>ˠZjIۗk3> feff(]33ffFgyffff@ +ffL͟L̈́ ٚff_|?_|៘~ /ff}k[na,c lׄ /ff~͟ff@To^솪To^ƪ <*dffퟵff <* ffffTzsfj&㎍Tz곉fj&㎓ff!>!k3@>đa33A33ffđa33 ffđakfq ff}䍑Thisfexamplew!ascoMdedas:)Fx`b\def\oct{\advance\transposeby7} `\def\liftqs#1{\raise#1\Interligne\qs}`\parindent0pt`\sepbarrules`\instrumentnumber{3}`\generalmeter{\meterC}`\setinterinstrument2{3\Interligne}`\setsize3\tinyvalue`\setsize2\tinyvalue`\setclef1\bass`\setstaffs1{2}`\startpiece\addspace\afterruleskip`%Takt9`\notes\zhlc\liftqs6\quppe|\ds&\oct&X\itieu5h\hlh&\tx~~~gra---*\itied4h\huh\enotes`\notes|\ibbl0j3\qb0h\tqb0l\enotes`\notes|\ibbl1k0\qb1{ohl}\tqb1o\enotes`\notes\zhlc\liftqs6\quppe|\ds&\oct&X\ttie5\ibl4c0\qb4h&\ttie4\ibu5g{-3}\qb5h\enotes`\notes|\ibbl0j3\qb0h\tqb0l&\oct\qb4a&\tx---*\tqh5a\enotes`\notes|\ibbl1k0\qb1o\qb1h&\oct\qb4b&\tx~~ti~-*\cub\enotes`\notes|\qb1l\tqb1o&\oct\tqb4c&\txa*\cuc\enotes`\bar`%Takt10`\notes\zhlc\liftqs6\quppd|\ds&\oct&X\qlpd&\tx~~~ple---*\ibsluru4e\qupd\enotes`\notes|\ibbu1g3\bigaccid\qb1{^f}\tqh1h\enotes`\notes|\ibbu2i0\qb2k\qb2f\enotes`\notes|\qb2h\tqh2k&\oct\cle&\curve222\tubslur4f\cue\enotes`\notes\zhlc\liftqs6\quppd|\ds&\oct\qld&\txna,*\qud\enotes`\notes|\ibbu1g3\qb1f\tqh1h\enotes`\notes|\ibbu2i0\qb2{kfh}\tqh2k&\qp&\qp\enotes`\endpiece>S%썍62ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 2.20,Layoutffparametersm:Mostdla!youtparametersaresetbyMusiXT,[wEB XtoreasonabledefaultvdDalues.However,sophisti- catedUscores28 U¹ma!yneedmoreplacebMelowtheloweststa ,ebMetweenstaves,eetc. WeegivebMelowafshortlistofthemostsigni can!tparameters. J#2.20.10ListoflayoutparametersZREMARK:themen!tion\(NOT=tobMechangednR)"doMesnotmeanthatthisparametercan-notDbMec!hanged,butthatitshouldnotbemodi eddirectlye,e.g.b!ysayingsomethinglikeb\Interligne=14ptZ.Inotherw!ords,changingtheseparametersm!ustbMeperformedusingmorecomprehensiv!efmacroswhichnotonlyupMdatethembutalsoperformsomeothercompulsoryrelatedfc!hanges.b\InterligneCna:Lgv!erticalxdistancebMetweenthebaseofsta linesofthecurrentinstrument,taking`nofaccoun!tofapMossiblespeci cationofb\setsize]n;ܰ(ZNOTtobec!hangednR).b\internote=1a:FAthe9v!erticalspacingofcontiguousnotesofthecurrentinstrument,utakingaccount`offapMossiblespeci cationofb\setsize]n;ܰ(ZNOTtobec!hangednR).b\Internote=1a:FAthe(wv!erticalspacingofcontiguousnotesoftheinstrument(s)whoseb\setsize]n`has\[theZdefaultvdDaluebofone(b\normalvalueD),i.e.thehalfofb\Interligne(ZNOT\,tobMe`c!hangednR)b\staffbotmargN/a:W?margin+bMelo!wthe rststa ofthelowestinstrument.Changesarerecognized`atfthenextsystemanddefaultisb3\Interligne.b\stafftopmargN/a:W?marginyabMo!vetheuppMersta oftheupperinstrumen!t.ykChangesarerecognized`atfthenextsystemanddefaultisb3\Interligne.b\interbeam=1a:FAv!erticalfdistancebMetweenbMeams.(ZNOTtobec!hangednR).b\interporteeI.a:R'thedistancebMet!weenthebottomofonesta andthebottomofthenextone.`Itissettob2\interstaff?explicitelyspMeci ed,sta sconsistof v!elines,inaccordancetothenormalw!ay>ofcoMding m!usicfscores.However,exceptionsmightbMepreferredwhenusingMusiXT,[wEB X:⍍l^`Zgregorianfm!usicPjisoftenwrittenusingsta offourlinesinsteadof ve29 ,⍍l^`ZpMercussionVm!usicEZ(e.g.drums,triangle)needsone,t!wo,threeVor v!elines,sincethepitc!h`cannotfc!hangebutthenumbMerofpercussioninstrumen!ts.l^`ZguitarV6tablature=needssixlines.LAlthoughZrealĈguitarpla!yersV6hateguitartablature,)for`bMeginnersrtheyareabighelp.Notreadyy!et.Thelinesare,whichactslikeb\zstoppiece.@2.20.70*LyricsQWhiletheypMosenearlynoproblemwithMusicT,[wEB Xwhic!hworksusingthegluefacilityofT,[wEB X,lyrics9>raisesev!eralseriousdicultieswithMusiXT,[wEB X.{ThereasonforthatisthatlyricsusuallyconsistNofZtext̹whic!hinturnconsistsofcharacterswhosewidthisde nitelynotstretchablenorshrinkdDablefpropMortionallytob\noteskiporb\elemskip.Th!usfthewidthofasequenceofnoteslike5!H33ff>f]ff>f]ff>f]ff>f]ff>f]H3333ffHGHWeords~yffH3333ffma!yD bMeeitherthewidthof\bWords"withthecurrentfont,WoritmaybMeb1\elemskip,Wwhatevertheglargest.!Inthe rstcase, thewidthis xed(seeb\hardspace=Z),intheseconditswidthisnotthesameatMusiXT,[wEB X's rstandsecondpasses.LButtheunfortunatesituationisthatMusiXT,[wEB XFZm!ustknowwhetherthisfeaturehasaZhardL(notscalable)oraZscalablewidthZatthe rstfpasss,whiletheinequalit!yissolvedonlyatthesecond.Thismeansthat,9cinadditiontothethreepasssystem,theusedm!ustruntrialanderrorstow+ ndoutwhethersomelyricsarewiderthatthe nalnotespacing,orsmaller.Inthatcaseawrong%decisionmigh!tleadtoquestionable\bUnderfullhbox"-es lledwithuglyglue,?Horitmayresultfuna!wful\bOverfullhbox"withitsheavybarpunishmentandpMossibleoverwritings.Ho!wever,bMeforediscussingthisproblem,w!e rstdescribMethevdDariouswaysofinsertinglyricsunderf|orabMo!vef|asta .Pڍa2.20.7.16/Getting2enoughvterticalspaceforlyricsQSincesongsareusuallyequivdDalen!ttoaone-sta instrument(pMossiblywithseveralvoices)thePrecommendedsolutionconsistsinadjustingthedistancebMet!weenPinstrumentsusingei-therJb\interinstrument_=Zan!yJT,[wEB X-dimensiontogivemoreplacebMelowallinstrumentsorusingb\setinterinstrumentqntomak!emorespaceabMove.Notethatb\setinterinstrumentde nesspacingkabMo!veandnotbMelowandinstrument.SincelyricsareusuallysetbMelowthesta ,,,the rstfargumen!tofab\setinterinstrumentshouldbMethesonginstrumentnumbMerZminusone.Inthecaseofasinglesta tune,Norifthesonginstrumen!tisthe rstone,thenadditionalplacefcanbMepro!videdusingb\staffbotmargNb.BY8%썍66ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 a2.20.7.26/Ptosting2lyricsLyricsfcanbMein!troducedinsev!eralways.p b%1.`One1arc!haicsolutioncouldbMetode neaspecialinstrumen!tforthelyricstext,5without `e ectiv!eMwsta ,:namelyusingthecommandb\setstaffsD]nb{]pb}describMedin2.2.2. The`incon!veniencenofthissolutionisthatitincreasesthen!umbMernofinstrumen!ts,(._b\hardlyricsm!ustbMefollowedbyb\notes(withthe`lyricsftextin!bMetween),fnotb!yb\Notesnorb\NOtes,etc.`Besides,I?since(mo!vingthelyricstextbMetweenb\hardlyricsandb\notes30 (togetherwith`replacingitwithb\thelyrics?ȹattheinitialloMcationisarathertediousoperationwithtext`editors,fanothercommandhasbMeenpro!vided,namelyb\softlyricsBⴹ:`b\softlyrics{fZan!ytextb}`de nes]Bb\thelyricstobMe\Zan!ytext",sothatgoingfromb\hardlyricstothedefault`scalable]dbMeha!viourofb\noteskipandinverselycaneasilybMedonebychangingb\hardinto`b\soft#Pinthesourcetext,withoptionalc!hangeofthenumbMerofuppercaselettersin`b\notes.uP`ZIMPOReTANT:sinceb\hardlyricsZcomputesb\noteskipZ,Litsargumen!t(bMeforeb\notesZ)`ma!yfnotrefertob\noteskipZ...whichisnotalreadycomputed. o#a2.20.7.46/A2morecomprehensivteexampleoflyrics؊Heregisanexampletak!enfromtheFerenchcatholicliturgy(aFerenchtranslationofthetraditionalZGloriafinexcelsisDeoй).Weegiv!e rsttheadaptedsourceofapartofthescore:P`b\overfullrule3pt`\instrumentnumber{1}`\setstaffs11`%`\generalsignature{-1}\relax%oneflat`\generalmeter{\meterfrac{2}{2}}`%`\staffbotmarg=5\Interligne\stafftopmarg=1.5\Interligne`\startpiece`\setsongraise1{2\Interligne}%`\znotes\uptext{\kern-9mm\raise9pt\hbox{\bigtype&XMajestueux,sanstra\^\iner\rm(\metron{\hu}{50})}}\enotes`\hardlyrics{\kern-5ptGloire}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\cuc\enotes`\notes\hsong{\`a}\cuc\enotes`\barre`\NOTes\hsong{Dieu~}\huf\enotes`\notes\hsong{au}\cuf\enotes`\hardlyrics{plus~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\cuf\enotes`\hardlyrics{haut~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\cug\enotes`\notes\hsong{des}\cug\enotes 1 ff/4 L͍-=Q30ag\notes,Tneitherg\Notesnorg\NOtesnorg\NOTesetc.E%썍Z2.20.CLAeYOUTfPARAMETERST69W썠 `b\barre `\NOtes\hsong{cieux~}\quph\enotes`\notes\hsong{et~}\cuh\enotes`\hardlyrics{paix~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\qui\enotes`\hardlyrics{sur~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\cuh\enotes`\notes\hsong{la~}\cug\enotes`\barre`\Notes\hsong{ter-}\quf\enotes`\notes\hsong{re~}\cuf\enotes`\hardlyrics{aux~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\cuf\enotes`\hardlyrics{hom-}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\qug\enotes`\hardlyrics{mes~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\cuh\enotes`\hardlyrics{qu'il~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\cui\enotes`\barre`\NOtes\hsong{ai-}\hug\enotes`\Notes\hsong{me.}\huf\enotes`\Notes\uptext{\bfII}\enotes`\barre`\hardlyrics{Nous~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\quh\enotes`\notes\hsong{Te~}\cug\enotes`\notes\hsong{lou-}\cug\enotes`\NOtes\hsong{ons,}\huh\enotes`\barre`\hardlyrics{nous~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\cuh\enotes`\notes\hsong{Te~}\cuh\enotes`\notes\hsong{b\'e-}\cuj\enotes`\notes\hsong{nis-}\cuj\enotes`\NOtes\hsong{sons,}\huh\enotes`\barre`\Notes\hsong{nous~}\quh\enotes`\NOtes\hsong{t'a-}\hug\enotes`\Notes\hsong{do-}\quf\enotes`\barre`\NOtes\hsong{rons,~}\huf\enotes`\notes\uptext{\bfI}\enotes`\hardlyrics{nous~}\notes\hsong{\thelyrics}\cuh\enotes`\notes\hsong{Te~}\cuh\enotes`\notes\hsong{glo-}\cug\enotes`\notes\hsong{ri-}\cug\enotes`\barre`\NOTEs\hsong{fions,~}\huh\enotes`\hardlyrics{\kern-4ptnous~}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cuh\enotes`\notes\hsong{Te~}\cuh\enotes`\notes\hsong{ren-}\cuh\enotes`\notes\zsong{dons~}\cui\enotes`\barre`\NOtes\hsong{gr\^a~-}\qug\enotes`\notes\hsong{ces~}\cug\enotes`\hardlyrics{pour~}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cug\enotes`\hardlyrics{Ton~}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cuh\enotesFڠ%썍70ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 `b\notes\hsong{im-}\cui\enotes `\hardlyrics{men-}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cuj\enotes`\notes\zsong{se~}\cuk\enotes`\barre`\Notes\hsong{gloi-}\qlj\enotes`\Notes\hsong{-}\qli\enotes`\Notes\hsong{re~!}\quh\enotes`\notes\uptext{\bfII}\enotes`\notes\hardlyrics{Sei-}\hsong\thelyrics\cuh\enotes`\notes\zsong{gneur~}\cui\enotes`\barre`\hardlyrics{Dieu,~}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\quj\enotes`\hardlyrics{Roi~}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cuh\enotes`\notes\hsong{du~}\cug\enotes`\Notes\hsong{Ciel,~}\quh\enotes`\hardlyrics{Dieu~}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cuh\enotes`\notes\zsong{le~}\cug\enotes`\barre`\hardlyrics{P\`e-~}\notes\thelyrics\hsong\cuh\enotes`\notes\hsong{re~}\cui\enotes`\hardlyrics{tout-}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cug\enotes`\hardlyrics{puis-}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\cuh\enotes`\hardlyrics{sant~!}\notes\hsong\thelyrics\quph\enotes`\notes\uptext{\bfI}\enotes`\notes\zsong{Sei-}\cuh\enotes`\mulooseness2%`\stoppieceThe!resultclearlysho!wstheinequalitybMetweennotespacings,yfffd/Bces5@ff(fdK+DpGourP@ff(fdbֲT*onh߀@ff(fdwim-|@ff(fdTmen- ڀ@ff(fdseu͟@ff(đa3333ffGd%썍Z2.21.CABNORMALfMUSICCODING71W썠8r33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎ3333ffG2fd"gloi-"yffffd< -< yyffffdVreUU!\]߀yffq+IQIfdɲSei-k߀@ff(fd(lF{yff33ffffL̈́͞yffΟ(%(oF(33A33ff(3333ff(~3333ff"[ݟyff33ffLL͟L̈́yffΟ&qFj33ffB=onffB=oLffB=offB=oLL 33A33ffL 3333ffL ~3333ff>couldfbMecodedasfollo!ws,regardlessthisisrelevdDant(seeremarkin2.26.9,p.80):tb\parindent19mm \instrumentnumber{3}\setname1{keyboard}\setname2{drum}\setname3{monks}\setlines2{1}\setlines3{4}\setinterinstrument1{-2\Interligne}%lessverticalspaceabove\setinterinstrument2{-2\Interligne}%andbelowthepercussion\sepbarrules\setsign1{-1}%oneflatatkeyboard\generalmeter{\meterfrac24}\setmeter3{\empty}\setclef3{\alto}\setclef1{\bass}\setstaffs1{2}%2staffsatkeyboard\setclefsymbol3{\gregorianCclef}%gregorianCclefatinstrument3\setclefsymbol2{\drumclef}(=%cancelGclefatinstrument2\startextract\Notes\huF|\zhc\huh&\dnq4&\squ{acd}\enotes\bar\NOtes\quI|\zqN\qud&\qp&\diapuncf\enotes\NOtes\quJ|\zqa\que&\ynq4&\diapuncf\enotes\bar\notes\huG|\zhb\hud&\dnq4&\zsqud\rsqug\squ{hgh}\enotestInfthesamew!aye,fapMossibleviolinscorewithZharmonicnotes(see2.18.3)couldbe:8f/333ffaffaffaffaffa/33333ff/3G+1201߀27/0RJ333ff&LL͟L̈́(IffΟj/-o?ffΟ%ff ˟  ?ffΟ%ۙfj63*ff/!3333ff&bSffΟؕ<}3333ff{33ff&L)g)9ffFfޟޟ??ffT%ff@TT?ffT%ۙ35fj6f]ff@Tdҟ3333ffmb8&s/ffΟb3<b.3333ff>Itfw!ascoMdedasfollows:h`b\generalsignature{-2}`\generalmeter\allabreve`\startextract`\NOTes\dzqo\zhd\huh\enotes`\Notes\ibu0k0\zqg\yqb0k\qb0j\zqe\yqb0i\tbu0\qb0j\enotes`\bar`\NOTes\dzqg\huk\enotes`\NOTes\hpause\enotesJ͢%썍74ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 `b\bar `\NOTes\dzqo\zhd\hlh\enotes`\Notes\ibl0e0\zqg\yqb0k\qb0j\zqe\yqb0i\tbl0\qb0j\enotes`\bar`\NOTes\dzqg\huk\enotes`\NOTes\hpause\enotes`\endextract"`2.21.30Usualp`ercussionmusic^Besides!singlepMercussionscoresusuallywrittenusingone-linesta s,;percussionm!usicinvolvingsev!eralinstrumentsisoftenwritenon ve-linesta swithaZdrumclef{, #wheretheinstrumentsarescdistinguishedb!ythetypMeofthenoteheadsandtheapparentpitchofthenoteonthesta .Weefgiv!eanexample|kindlyprovidedbyAgusti`MarEtӟfin"Domingo:>Kፍ33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎ3333ffM׍-4 -4 3333%?3333ff(f7/$)ffVff>ffVf ffrD ffrOxuOx9ffFfFfffFfffΟr߼Fsfj/1D ffrou̟)ffVff>ffVf ffrD ffrS uS 9ffFfFfffFfffΟr߼Fsfj/1D ffr0t3333ff)ffVff>ffVf ffuD ffuֈrֈ9ffFfFfffFfffΟu߼Fsfj/1D ffuf@)ffVff>ffVf ffuD ffuCrC9ffFfFfffFfffΟu߼Fsfj/1D ffu6 3333ff= )ffVff>ffVf ffsD ffs]y`s]y`9ffFfFfffFfffΟu߼Fsfj/1D ffs}V)ffVff>ffVf ffsD ffs4s49ffFfFfffFfffΟu߼Fsfj/1D ffs\7^3333ffş3333ItsfcoMdingw!as:`b\begin{music}`\instrumentnumber{1}`\generalmeter{\meterfrac44}`\setclefsymbol1\drumclef`\parindent0pt\startpiece`\leftrepeat`\Notes\zqlf\rlap\soupir\ibu0m0\xqb0{nn}\enotes`\Notes\kzqd\zqlf\zqj\xqb0n\tbu0\xqb0n\enotes`\Notes\zqlf\rlap\soupir\ibu0m0\xqb0{nn}\enotes`\Notes\kzqd\zqlf\zqj\xqb0n\tbu0\xqb0n\enotes`\bar`\Notes\zqlf\rlap\soupir\ibu0m0\kqb0{nn}\enotes`\Notes\xzqd\zqlf\zqj\kqb0n\tbu0\kqb0n\enotes`\Notes\zqlf\rlap\soupir\ibu0m0\kqb0{nn}\enotes`\Notes\xzqd\zqlf\zqj\kqb0n\tbu0\kqb0n\enotes`\bar`\Notes\zqlf\rlap\soupir\ibu0m0\oxqb0{nn}\enotes`\Notes\oxzqd\zqlf\zqj\kqb0n\tbu0\oxqb0n\enotes`\Notes\zqlf\rlap\soupir\ibu0m0\oxqb0{nn}\enotes`\Notes\oxzqd\zqlf\zqj\kqb0n\tbu0\oxqb0n\enotes`\setrightrepeat\endpiece`\end{music}Teofusethesedi eren!tnoteheads,onemustl^`either xincludeaspMeci cpercussion lenamelybmusixper.texaftertheusual `b\inputmusixtex; xl^`useispMecialmacronamestoreplacetheusualellipticblac!knoteheadwithotheravdDailable`notefheads.TeoMda!yonlythemostusednotetypMesaresupported.Kۧ%썍Z2.22.CWRITINGfYOURO!WNMACROS:THEb\CATCODEZPROBLEMS]175W썠 2.22,Wfritingffyourownmacros:32thej߆Tff cmtt12j\catcodeproblemsAsVseenbMefore,ftheb\catcodes:jfoftheb|andb&sym!bolsaremodi edb!yMusiXT,[wEB X,fintherange of:theactualscoresbutnotinthewholeoftheT,[wEB Xsource.yTh!us,vifyoude neyourownmacrostoLmak!eyourwritingeasier,youarelikelytoinvoketheb|orb&symbMolsinapartoftextwheretheirfb\catcode1sfarenotcorrectlyset.Thisma!yresulttypicallyinadiagnosticlike:'b!Misplacedalignmenttabcharacter&.wheny!ouattempt,4nottode ne,buttousey!ourmacrousingtheb&symbMoltochangethe instrumen!t.SmartT,[wEB Xersknowthattheb\catcode1sareattachedtothecharactersZwhentheyare_binputbandnotwhentheyareused;th!usyoumustbMesurethatb|andb&havethecorrectMusiXT,[wEB Xb\catcode4.whenthemacroisde ned,5&whic!hmaywelloMccuroutsidetheactualscore.'Itvisalsow!orthpMointingoutthatthesameproblemmayoMccurwithotherpunctuationmarkslik!ec\b<",0\b>",\b^,etc.,iftheirb\catcode6`hasbMeenc!hangedbysomeothersetofmacros,0likebfrench.sty.'nۍ2.23,L++AnTL32EdXffandMusiXTL32EX2.23.10The[musixtex.stystyleT(AssaidbMefore,theamoun!tofmemoryandregistersusedbyMusiXT,[wEB Xmakesithardlycom-patible[withLٺAGT,[wEB X.|Ho!wever,Nicolas[`Brouardsucceededinbuildingabmusixltx.texwhic!his!no!wincludedinthedistribution.MThisisnotrecommendedtomakeseparatemusicscores.ItsNVpurpMoseisrathertopro!videameansofinsertingshortmusicalexcerptsinbMooksNVorarti-clesSwrittenwithLٺAGT,[wEB X.Then,theb\documentstyleWcommandshouldincludebmusixtexintheoptions.'ThefLٺAGT,[wEB Xst!yle lebmusixtex.stysimplyb\inputsthefollowing les(inthatveryorder):Al^`bmusixtex.tex΍l^`bmusixltx.texIncaseofbTeXcapacityexceeded...,usea\BiglaT,[wEB X"(afterc!heckingthereisnovisible errorfinthesourcecoMde)."A2.23.20WidemusicinLAl#׻A~/TESXT(Anotherdicult!yappMearswithLٺAGT,[wEB X:internalLٺAGT,[wEB Xmacroshandlethepagesizeinawaywhic!huisnotsuppMosedtobec!hangedwithinagivendoMcument.A Thismeansthattexthori-zon!talandverticalsizesaresomewhatfrozensothatonecanhardlyinsertpiecesofmusicofpagesizedi eren!tfromthesizespMeci edbytheLaTeeXZstyle.7Althoughabmusixblx.texhasbMeenpro!vided,6whichmakestheZenvironmentbbigmusicavdDailable.v7ThemaindrawbackisanunpredictablefbMeha!viouroftopandbottomprin!touts,especiallypagen!umberings.'IftthewholeofadoMcumen!thaswidepages,~itcanbehandledwiththeba4widest!yleoption,orfan!yderivdDateofit."A2.23.30The[\catcodeproblemsT(Thep bmusixltx.tex lemerelyo!verridesp theb\catcode0mZsoftheb|andb&sym!bMolswhicharemoMdi edb!yMusiXT,[wEB X.|]TeohaveaccesstothesesymbMolswhencodingm!usic,fyoushouldenclosethescoresLW%썍76ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 orexcerptswithinb\begin{music}andb\end{music}.ButthereisalsoanotherpMossibilit!ye,i.e. tofsa!yb\nextinstrument]¹insteadofb&index&andb\nextstaff@pinsteadofb|.;2Another[problemcomesfromthebfrench.stywrittenb!yBernard`GaullewhichisthestandardOinhibitedwithinm!usicscores(pMossibleproblemwithsophisticatedZlyricss)butperfectlya!vdDailablefwithinthenormaltext.;2An!ywaye,/inmcaseofemergency,/onecanin!vokemb\catcodesmusicX&tomestablishtheb\catcode1ƽsatCtheirvdDalue tform!usic,zandb\endcatcodesmusiciйtoresetthemattheirexternalvalue,zforexamplefthosec!hosenbybfrench.sty.$Ս2.24,Implementationffandrestrictions#Themacroinstruction leMusiXT,[wEB Xcon!tainsapproximately3200linesofcoMde,thatis98000b!ytesWapproximatelye.ThisrequiresyourscoretobMecompiledbythemostextendedversionsofVT,[wEB X(65000w!ordsofworkingmemory).Itisthereforewisetosayb\tracingsstats=2inordertoha!veaninformationabMoutthememoryusedineac!hpage.ҭIndesperatesituations,w!erecommend usingthe\BigT,[wEB X"proMcessorswhic!h,#unfortunatelye,perform agreatdealofdiskinput/outputsf(onPCswithi286proMcessors)whic!hmakethemawfullyslow32 .;2Inˆparticular, then!umbMerˆofregistersitusesandtheamoun!tofmemoryusedbyLٺAGT,[wEB Xmacrosfmak!esitdoubtfullycompatiblewithLٺAGT,[wEB X,unlessusingBigLٺAT,[wEB X.Otherprecautionsarenecessary:vbMew!areofend-of-linespaces;theycorruptlayoutandcausebunderfull/overfullhboxA w!arningsduringthirdpass.Teoavoidthat,gitisrecommendedtousefb%attheendofsourcelines.$Ս2.25,FfromffMusicTL32EdXtoMusiXTL32EX:32jmusixcpt#ThisX leisin!tendedtorun`aold'input leswithaslesschanges(readbmusicdocaandMusiXT,[wEB X'sla!ws߱!)aspMossible.Itslo!wsdownthespMeedandmakesitimpMossibletousesome33 ߹ofMusiXT,[wEB Xcommands.TeorunMusicT,[wEB Xexamples|notwithstandingrestrictionsrelatedtoglueand\hard"spacingsfforbiddenwithMusiXT,[wEB X|justreplaceallpreviousb\inputmusic*b!y:b\inputmusixtex\inputmusixcptand,foptionallyb\inputmusixsty2.25.10CompatibilityrestrictionsMTheCbmusixcpt.tex leholdsupcompatibilit!ytoMusicT,[wEB X'ssources,k[buttherearesomere-strictions,5qwhic!harecausedeitherbymissingglueinMusiXT,[wEB X|sometimesuglye,5qbutgen-erallyvwharmless|orb!ysomehardspacingssuchasb\hboxescontaininglyricsexceedingtheʧff/4 L͍-=Q32aUsingTi386ori486proAcessors,thisproblemdisappearswiththespeci cv9ersionofgemTeX -=Q33aThisw9asthewillofoneoftheauthors(A.E.)butwe(we=D.T.)arenowtendingtoremoveanyincompati- bilitiesTofgmusixcptwithplainMusiXTuAEX.M%썍Z2.25.CFR!OMfMUSICT,[wEB XTOMUSIXT,[wEX:bMUSIXCPT77W썠 b\noteskip8Edimension,sDandJKresultingin\o!verfullJKhbMox[es]"thatis,sDnotesandsymbMolsoutside thefscorelimits,withthehea!vyverticalbarasastandardT,[wEB Xpunishment.t卑Theeasiestw!aytoa!voidthisconsistsinendingsystematicallyZallnR34IKinputlinesbMet!weenb\startpiece?b\nbbbbbl1D,G>b\tbbbbbu,G>b\tbbbbbl,G>b\Ibbbbbu,G>b\Ibbbbbl,G>b\cccccu+,G>b\zcccccu,G>b\ccccclandfb\zcccccl5Jcommands.(2.26.30musixbbmPro!vides128thnotes,eitherwithhoMoksorwithbeams,namelytheb\ibbbbbbu8x,b\ibbbbbbl8 ,b\nbbbbbbu3,b\nbbbbbbl6,b\tbbbbbbu,b\tbbbbbbl,b\Ibbbbbbu,b\Ibbbbbbl,b\ccccccu06,b\zccccccu,b\ccccccl1andfb\zccccccl; ƹcommands.(2.26.40*musixchoThesearesomemacros tforc!horusmusic. zProvidesfollowingcommands:Eb\biglbraceBb,b\bigrbrace9|,:wb\braceheightI6o,:wb\DtxUandb\Drtx$fordoubletext,:wb\Ttxandb\Trtx$fortripletext,b\Qtxandfb\Qrtx$ forfquadrupletext.[b\tx">{]textb},xb\rtx {]textb}SBfortextofsongs,xwithtextextendingtorigh!tinsteadcentered.b\hf>{]mb}fsetstextcon!tinuationfruleofwidth]mb\noteskip.O %썍Z2.26.CEXTENSIONfLIBRAReY#&79W썠 }33ff?Jff?Jff?Jff?Jff?J }y33ff?Jff?Jff?Jff?Jff?J }33x33ffv}}}}}7wff wT*enor "Bass7wfffSopran >Alt }I }G18{268{218{268{{2׍>c]2 >c]2׍>c]2 >c]2Q荑41. 42.43.44.X̤؀X̤K'fffffff ffQ荍HW3333ff>W3333ffDyyffffff ffQ荍$ff_B{freedom, B{weepin',B{moanin',B{singin',J㟃yffΟ)ffVfV ffvfffvf ff[럃yffΟffVfg 'fffffff ff]C$e`|9 e`|>e`|>e`|= e`|>e`|>e`|;Ol{overk-HyffΟ9 ffFfx/ffVffff ff}~ffΟ)ffVf3333ff3333ffß ffvfffvf ffqӟOOg,me,kffϟ 6Ο)ffVf >VfO @ff-ff@ff(Ooveru@ff(Ο@ff-ӯ ffvfffvf ff{~ffΟΟffVfđa3333ffđa3333ffFSeefbmusixdoc.texsourcetogetthecoMdingofthislongexample.)2.26.50musixdatxHereiisthecommandb\today+Q^de nedforsev!erallanguages.'Thedefaultisb\dateUSenglishT, butnthiscanfreelybMec!hangedatendofbmusixdat.tex. 6AlsoavdDailableareb\dategermanD,b\dateaustrianJ,fb\dateenglishLHĹandfb\datefrenchBⴹ,fwhic!hyields:1`C5fff b\dateUSenglishb{NAprilf1,1997 b\dateaustrianb{N1.fApril1997b\dateenglishb{N1stfApril1997b\datefrenchb{N1er =a!vrilf1997b\dategermanb{N1.fApril1997zfff󎎎E2.26.60*musixdiaxThese leisautomaticallyloaded,&ify!ouusebmusixper.tex._Hereisthelistofnotesitprovides:l^`The%sym!bMolisobtainedusingtheb\qu,b\qb,b\cu,etc.rmacrospreceededwitha\by"`(think4of\dy!amond"). AvdDailableareb\yqu3r,Xcb\yqup!,Xcb\yqupp&_,Xcb\yqlW ,Xcb\yqlp,Xcb\yqlpp,Xcb\yzqW ,`b\yzqp8V,Kb\yzqpp'Ϲ,Kb\yqbJ{,Kb\ycu,Kb\yccu" %,Kb\ycccu,Kb\yccccu-y,Kb\ycl,Kb\yccl" %,Kb\ycccl,Kb\yccccl-y,`b\ycup8V,q.b\ycupp&*,q.b\yclp!/,q.b\yclpp.ĊTheHsym!bMolwithoutastemcanbeobtainedb!ysaying`b\ynq6andfthenon-spacingvdDarian!twithb\zynq d.K~l^`The&sym!bMolisobtainedusingtheb\qu,b\qb,b\cu,etc.rmacrospreceededwitha\bd"`(thinkxofZdiamondnR). 7AvdDailableareb\dqu ,vJorganororchestraaccompaniment: thesearelatinespMeakinggregorianimitationscom-pMosedSintheeigh!teenthScenturye,`suchasthefamousAngel'smass}oftheMesseroyaledeDuMon!twhichJwereprintedusinggregorianneumesbyocialcatholicpublishersinsteadofusingthefm!usicdenotations tforrenaissanceandbaroMquepieces...Sym!bMolsavdDailableinMusiXT,[wEB Xaremainlythoseofthe1905standard,3`asprovidedbyBeda`Szukics:$U a2.26.9.16/The2clefsR8l^`ThewIgregorianCwclef:Fb'jԹ=b\gregorianCclefZ?,normallyactivdDatedforinstrumen!t]n`withfthecommand:э3wb\setaltoclefsymbolj]nfb\gregorianCclefQ? %썍Z2.26.CEXTENSIONfLIBRAReY#&81W썠l^`The@gregorianFclef: Fz28=b\gregorianFclef^L6, +normallyactivdDatedwiththe `b\setbassclefsymbolfcommand. \䍍a2.26.9.26/The2basicelementtarysymbYolsUl^`DiamondshapMedZpunctum(ofdi eren!tshapecomparedtothepercussiondiamond):هF =`b\diapuncM]pf.舍l^`SquarefZpunctum:ݟF *=b\squKt]porb\punctum5J]p.l^`LeftfstemmedZvirga(notinthe1905gregorianstandard):ݟF *=b\lsqu$ ]p.l^`Righ!tfstemmedZvirga:ݟF *=b\rsqu$ ]porb\virga)]p.l^`ZApMostropha:ݟF *=fb\apostrophaF]pf.l^`ZOriscuss:ݟF *=fb\oriscus5J]pf.l^`ZQuilisma:ݟF} *=fb\quilisma; ]pf.l^`ZPunctumfauctum(up):ݟF *=b\punctumauctupW]p.l^`ZPunctumfauctum(do!wn):ݟF *=b\punctumauctdowncGl]p.l^`DiamondfshapMedZpunctumauctum(do!wn):ݟF *=b\diapunctumauctdowntj]p.l^`ZPunctumfdemin!utum:ݟF *=b\punctumdeminutumi]p.l^`ZApMostrophafaucta:ݟF *=b\apostrophaauctai]p.艍All Pnon-Zliquescensҹsym!bMolshaveanon-spacingvdDariant,' whichareb\zdiapunc7J,' b\zsqu \,' b\zlsqu&, b\zrsqu"},fb\zapostrophaLHĹandfb\zoriscus7c`. \䍍a2.26.9.36/The2plaincomplexneumesVOtherdZneumesfcanbMeobtainedb!ycombiningtwoormoreofthesesymbMols.SinceZneumesfhaveaJwiseadiagnosticoMccurs.)Notealsothatb\bporrectusEpro!videsthe rstcurvedpart `ofe32y>ē34ffff ffff͆32x͆fffhff3234ff32͟32w͟fffd32 ff3232v36fffd̄fhff=]533fff`coMded:T`"%썍84ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 96b\notes\Porrectusflexus TbacN\enotes 96\notes\Porrectusflexus TbNdb\enotes96\notes\Porrectusflexus TbMeb\enotes96\notes\Porrectusflexus TbLea\enotes78\climacus7]n2pqW+!,fforexample:7ލ32Hۙfffe34fffefffefffeH33ffH♘HbR♘uR32uRff֟♘?32?ß ,32 ,ff&H33ffb\climacusresupinusk]n2pq rY6,fforexample:8;32Οۙff\,34ff\,ff\,ff\,Ο33ffΟ♘Hb♘o32off{♘I32I32 B#32 B#ff32,Ô33ffb\lclimacus=1]n2pq\˹,fforexample:0!C33fffpfffpfffpfffpC3333ffCFbMʟԐ[Ԑ[M̟]߀]MΟ_߀_MП3333ffb\scandicus=1]n2pq\˹,fforexample:7ލ32qۙffRx34ffRxffRxffRxq33ffq♘Hb{ff{32{fd͟♘34ff͟fd͟ fcff tS 33ffb\salicus2/]n2pqQkw,fforexample:32qۙfffx34fffxfffxfffxq33ffq♘Hb{֞I32 ֞I32 fffd͟♘6fd 6fd34ff fcff tS33ffb\salicusflexusT]n2pq r}Z,fforexample:32Οۙffw\,34ffw\,ffw\,ffw\,Ο33ffΟ♘Hb3232 fffd񙘄34ff͟♘͟fdfd34ff fcff tS ffÔ33ffb\trigonus7]n2pqW+!,fforexample39 :8;32Õۙff]p34ff]pff]pff]pÕ33ffÕ♘Hb͟6ff͟♘6fd͟33ffa2.26.9.46/The2liquescenscomplexneumesz΍b\clivisauctupN/]n2pdF,fforexample: rff/4 L͍-=Q39aTheTsecondexampleisinprincipleirrelev|ran9t,butitshowsthepAossibilities,incaseof.Ul?%썍Z2.26.CEXTENSIONfLIBRAReY#&85W썠4͍32qۙffRx34ffRxffRxffRxq33ffq♘Hb{32{̄ff ͟♘̄͟34ff  33ffQb\clivisauctdownZm]n2pp.,fforexample:7ލ32qۙffRx34ffRxffRxffRxq33ffq♘Hb{32{̄ff͟♘̄͟34ff 33ffb\podatusauctupT]n2pjn,fforexample:8;32Hۙffjfe34ffjfeffjfeffjfeH33ffH♘HbRffR32 ֟34ff֟ ß♘ ffß H33ffb\podatusauctdown`--]n2puD,fforexample:32Hۙffjfe34ffjfeffjfeffjfeH33ffH♘HbRffR32֟34ff֟ß♘ ffßH33ffb\pesquassusauctdownql+]n2p-B,fforexample:32qۙffRx34ffRxffRxffRxq33ffq♘Hb{ {̄ff32͟ ̄͟fhfffd 33ffb\quilismapesauctdownw+]n2p,fforexample:32qۙffRx34ffRxffRxffRxq33ffq♘Hb{}{ff{32͟}͟fhff͟fd 33ffb\torculusauctdowne]n2pq(q,fforexample:7ލ32Οۙffw\,34ffw\,ffw\,ffw\,Ο33ffΟ♘Hb̄ff32̄ff{♘{񙘄 ff34ff̄ff񙘄 ffÔ33ffb\Porrectusauctdownk]n2pq,fforexample:32ۙffG34ffGffGffG33ff♘Hb?32y?̄34ff32xfffhff͟32w͟fffdÔ32vÔ36fffd4[33ffb\climacusauctdowne]n2pq(q,fforexample:32Hۙfffe34fffefffefffeH33ffH♘HbR♘uR32uRff֟♘??ß ,ff ,&H33ffVwl%썍86ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 b\scandicusauctdownk]n2pq,fforexample:7ލ32ۙffZR34ffZRffZRffZR33ff♘Hb))̄ff3232 fffd͟♘͟񙘄34fffdfd34ff fcff tSq33ffb\salicusauctdown`--]n2pqhǹ,fforexample:32qۙfffx34fffxfffxfffxq33ffq♘Hb{֞I32 ֞I32 fffd͟♘6fd 6fd34ff fcff tS33ffb\clivisdeminutT]n2pjn,fforexample:32ÕۙffIp34ffIpffIpffIpÕ33ffÕ♘Hb͟32͟ff͟ ͟♘͟34ff͟ ͟33ffb\podatusdeminutZm]n2pp.,fforexample:8;32Õۙff]p34ff]pff]pff]pÕ33ffÕ♘Hb͟ff͟32 ͟34ff͟♘ ͟♘ ff͟ ͟33ffb\torculusdeminut`--]n2pqhǹ,fforexample:32Hۙffjfe34ffjfeffjfeffjfeH33ffH♘HbRR̄ff32ff ֟♘֟񙘄 ff34ff ßß̄ff ff H33ffb\torculusdebilis`--]n2pqhǹ,fforexample:32"ۙffc냤34ffc냡ffc냡ffc냎"33ff"♘HbѐZ ffѐZ32ff Q♘  ffQ34ff H ffH ff  ?33ffb\Porrectusdeminute]n2pq(q,fforexample:32{ۙff34ffffff{33ff{♘Hb32y34ff )32x)fffhff ͟32w͟fffd q32vq36fffd ,33ffb\climacusdeminut`--]n2pqhǹ,fforexample:32Hۙfffe34fffefffefffeH33ffH♘HbR♘uR32uRff֟♘??ß , ,&H33ffb\scandicusdeminute]n2pq(q,fforexample:32qۙffRx34ffRxffRxffRxq33ffq♘Hb{{32 fffd ͟♘͟fd34ff fcff tS  33ffW%썍Z2.26.CEXTENSIONfLIBRAReY#&87W썠 2.26.106musixguiAbmusixgui.texpro!videssomemacrosfortypMesettingZguitartablaturess.+Mosttimestheyare usedfabMo!vemoMdernmusic.Teogiveanexample:X!33ffqŤffqšffqšffqšffqŎG94׍3 4,ɟ@W*e5]yffDر3333ffHI\GC5ΟAiC5Ο36=bflAhflEF5͟@wishRyff]П@youf溟@ff(r@avҟ@ff(p@merry<@ff(@ff(N3333ffC#kVI՟5#kV5flk@christmas,7yffWyffrƟe/H뫟ݟ5뫟36ڟflɸuflR@weָwyff˟3333ff~A,ϟ7,蟿`SR5,蟿|36™,@wishyff @youԟ@ff(@a @@ff-!g8@merry'4@ff(6@ff(@h3333ffDHD?=M@O™D36H™@@christmas,MQyffbqyffY1Ǎ33ffqŤffqšffqšffqšffqŎG94AD/c˭ߟeA36w™"236%˭™#@we+yyff=E3333ff?MB7<84:kf6ȟ™:kc>™E84™?83@wishE84yyfffXu@you\|̟@@ff-o0=@am>@ff-z˟@mer-c@@ff-=@ry@ff(J3333ff9er™@christ-?OyffӋ@masǃyff#G/d.埿36ԭx@and@ff($@a;@ff(◟3333ffC6 =36=™P™p럿K@hapUU- Ryff@py!yff,a쟺D7)'蟿$-Jfl'+`fl+`fl.36-C@new8`yffIN3333ffN˟GI=G3oI=36CџflG3lflJL@year.W yffo3333ffq|_3333ffb\guitar=)sets؃thegrid, thec!hordname,therelativ!ebarreandplayindicators.t5Asexample thef rstc!hordinuppMerexamplewascoMdedas:ab\guitarG{}o-----\gbarre3\gdot25\gdot35\gdot44whereothe rstargumen!tisputabMovethegridtoindicatethechordname,thesecondisempt!yM(relativebarre)andtheothersixindicatesifthestringisplayedwitheitherbx,boorb-.The]dotsaresetwithb\gdot#y]sbwherethe]sisthestringand]bisthebarre.ŚTheruleissetwithb\gbarre+ ]bfwhere]bindicatesthebarre.The{.Itmigh!tbMeusefultoreserveadditionalspaceabMovethechordbyadvdDancingfb\stafftopmargRntofsomethinglik!ebstafftopmarg=10\Interligne.If6`y!ouneedthechordsmoreoften,LitmightbMeusefultode neyourownmacros,Le.g.saying:b\def\Dmajor{\guitarD{}x-----\gdot42\gdot53\gdot62}%#,2.26.116*musixlitAPro!videsSawayofcoMdingintermediatebMetweengregorianandbaroMque/romantic,stillused40forfliturgicalw!orks!!ˀӀ33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎ33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎt33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎ33}33ffˀ~IGg949494949t49{4'?33ff L  (> (> O&>Ilfnousasign"Desdeson(>@oCyfff9ffL͟L̈́ ٚffęffffffffyffOsang~d~dÍ ffÍ ffÍ ff<33ff L  O<Etfnousa!vonsXDe-2-@SO yyfff乙ffL̈́͞ ɚff )ffVfffVfyffOt"De%>ޠ~d ~d2[yfff9ffffL̈́͞ ٚff1o\33ff&g ٚff&ffffyffO.pro-2[cCyfff9ffL͟L̈́ ٚffC9 ffFfffFfyffOB~t"De-CcT[yyfff鹙ffL̈́͞ ɚffT[ȩffVffffyffOOAg"Des.[ӟcT[ci?P ffi?P ffi?P ffo7ßyyfff乙ffL͟L̈́ ٚffo7ß9 ffFfffFfyffOmW:Alf-o7ßcyyffffffff)ffVffffffOlef-yd )ffVffffff ȩffVffffffO luf-;{d {d ff ff ff+yyffffffff+)ffVffffffOKiaf!+yfđa33K33ffđa3333ff eff/4 L͍-=Q40aW:aswrittenb9yA.hEgler.Tom9yknowledge(D.T.),liturgicalworksareeitherwrittenwithmoAdernmusic quotation,TorusingthegregorianineumesrOwhic9hhavebAeennormalizedin1905.X֠%썍88ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠ˀӀ33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎ33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎt33ffǤffǡffǡffǡffǎ33}33ffˀ~IGg949494949t49{4'633ff L  ( ( O&6Ilfnousasign"Desdeson(@L̈́oC̈́oCoCNyfff9ffL͟L̈́ ٚffNęffffffffyffO .sangNyyffff@#ff@ffr33ff L  Sq Sq OqEtfnousa!vonsXDe#!-Sq@L̈́OJ̈́OJOJyyfff乙ffL̈́͞ ɚff)ffVfffVfyffO|t"Deyyffff0Cyfff9ffffL̈́͞ ٚff.33ff&g ٚff&ffffyffO,pro-6㟃yffcAH/yfff9ffL͟L̈́ ٚffAH/9 ffFfffFfyffO@x.t"De-GyffcRMGyyfff鹙ffL̈́͞ ɚffRMGȩffVffffyffOM3[g"Des.Xyffeg#ffgffmjyyfff乙ffL͟L̈́ ٚffmj9 ffFfffFfyffOkAlf-ss6yffc~yyffffffff~)ffVffffffO~w=lef-~yyfffd)ffVffffffȩffVffffffOluf-yffff#ffff    Oxiaf! y đa33K33ffđa3333ff{0Thisfpac!kdDageprovides:\ƍl^`b\oldGclefR5whic!hj7replacestheordinaryGj'clefwithanoldone,v@using(forinstrument2as `anfexample):b\settrebleclefsymbol2\oldGclef\ƍl^`b\cqu6]pfpro!videsasquareheadedquarternotewithstemupatpitch]p.l^`b\cql6]pfpro!videsasquareheadedquarternotewithstemdownatpitch]p.l^`b\chu6]pfpro!videsasquareheadedhalfnotewithstemupatpitch]p.l^`b\chl6]pfpro!videsasquareheadedhalfnotewithstemdownatpitch]p.l^`b\cnqu;ļ]pfandb\cnql$ ]ppro!videastemlesssquareheadedquarternoteatpitch]p.l^`b\cnhu;ļ]pfandb\cnhl$ ]ppro!videastemlesssquareheadedhalfnoteatpitch]p.l^`b\HpauseG]p_ npro!videsanarbitrarylengthpauseatpitch]pandoflength]nb\noteskip8. `Ho!wever,inf the rstoftheabMo!vef example,thisfeaturehasbMeenusedtodenotean`arbitraryflengthnoteratherthanarest!\ƍl^`b\HlongaHe]pnpro!videsanarbitrarylengthnoteatpitch]pandoflength]nb\noteskip8.`ThisfeaturehasbMeenusedtodenoteanarbitrarylengthnoteinthesecondoftheabo!ve`examples.l^`b\shortbarrulesoWٹhas|bMeenusedtopro!videbarrulesshorterthanthesta verticalwidth.l^`b\interbarrulesohas?bMeenusedtopro!videbarsbet!ween?thesta s,T5ratherthato!ver?them.`Thisfisanarbitraryquestionoftaste... n2.26.126musixmadbmusixmad.texfincreasesthen!umbMerfofinstrumen!ts,slursandbeamsuptot!welve.2.26.136musixp`erPro!videsRspMeci cpercussionsym!bols,especiallyb\drumclef>b¹(usedinsection2.21.2). VThese de nitionsUcauseproblemssincedrumandpMercussionnotationisnotstandardized.Soitmigh!tbMefclev!ertospeci ythenamesofinstrumen!tsforeachusedsymbMol.>\l^`TheDq sym!bMolDwhichisobtainedusingtheb\qu,l;b\qb,b\cu,etc.macrospreceededwitha`\bdc"(thinkofZDiagonalCross]!fore.g.closedZhihat=).AvdDailableareb\dcqu ,nb\dcql ,nb\dcqb,`b\dczq8V,fb\dccu d,fb\dcccu&$b,fb\dccl$ andfb\dcccl.Y%썍Z2.26.CEXTENSIONfLIBRAReY#&89W썠 l^`TheDp sym!bMolDwhichisobtainedusingtheb\qu,l;b\qb,b\cu,etc.macrospreceededwitha `\bdh"M(thinkofZDiagonalcrossHalfcirclejTfore.g.RhalfopMenZhihat=).AvdDailableareb\dhqu!,`b\dhql8V,fb\dhqb d,fb\dhzq,fb\dhcu,fb\dhccu&$b,fb\dhcl$ andfb\dhccl.fl^`The0ossym!bMol0whichisobtainedusingtheb\qu,b\qb,b\cu,etc.^b\zccclpp1D,G>b\ccccup+,G>b\zccccup,G>b\cccclp,G>b\zcccclp,G>b\ccccupp,G>b\zccccupp78,G>b\cccclppandfb\zcccclpp7c`.2.26.156musixstr{ThisXH lepro!videsasetofindicationsforZstringinstrumentsʹ(e.g.violin)execution,gprovidedbyWeernerf`Icking.TheQsym!bMolsdescribedbelo!wshouldbepostedatthew!antedQplaceusingb\zcharnote]pb{]b}.`,*:a:b\AB Gaor2b\downbowdo!wn-bMowf`,*:a:b\AUF aor2b\upbow7up-bMo!w`]/,^j,*:a:b\SPKatfthetopofbMo!w`^7=,^j,*:a:b\FRKatfthen!utofbMow`^ ,!2aor^$a:b\GB Gaorb\GbiwholefbMo!w`^ , aor2^ a:b\UH Gaorb\Uhlo!werfhalfofbMo!w`^"!2aor^!a:b\OH Gaorb\OhuppMerfhalfofbo!w`^7 b*72aor^77a:b\MI Gaorb\MivmiddlefofbMo!w`^ ,72aor^ ,7a:b\UD Gaorb\UdTlo!werfthirdofbMo!w`^7!2aor^7!a:b\OD Gaorb\OduppMerfthirdofbo!w7ٓRcmr7+2a:b\PizzPrleftfhandpizzicatoortrillZ%썍90ZCHAPTERf2.CPRA!CTICALUSEW썠 2.26.166musixsty䍹Thisz leismadefornonT,[wEB XpMertsand/orlazyscoret!ypesetters. XAlthoughrelatedto MusiXT,[wEB X,Jitxhaslittletoseewithm!usic,butithelpswritingallsurroundingtexts,lik!eZtitless,Zauthorfnamess,historicalcommen!ts,etc.Itprovides^l^`afsetoffon!tde nitionsofcommonuse,suchasb\tenrm,b\eightrm,etc., l^`ahWreasonablesettingofb\hsize%S,tb\vsize%,tb\hoffset1r,tb\voffset4gdimensionsinordertoha!ve`afgoModla!yout forEuropMeanA4paper41l^`afsetoftextsizecommands:&ፍ`b\eightpoint`whic!hfsetstheusualb\rmd,b\bf,b\sl,b\itʹcommandsto8pMoin!tfontsize;`b\tenpointTwhic!hfsetstheusualb\rmd,b\bf,b\sl,b\itʹcommandsto10pMoin!tfontsize;`b\twlpointTtofget12pMoin!tfontsize;`b\frtpointTtofget14.4pMoin!tfontsize;`b\svtpointTtofget17.28pMoin!tfontsize;`b\twtypointZVBtofget20.74pMoin!tfontsize;`b\twfvpointZVBtofget24.88pMoin!tfontsize;&ፍl^`afsetofcommandstomak!eeasypiecetitles: 'a{3wb\author_orb\fullauthorGB.tobMeputattherigh!tofthe rstpage,belo!wthetitleof 3wthefpiece;thecallingsequenceis,forexample:ۍP5bb\author{DanielTAUPIN\\organiste\`aGif-sur-Yvette}3wwhereftheb\\mak!estheauthor'snamedisplayedontwoorseverallines.'a{3wb\shortauthor|ntofbMeputatthebottomofeac!hpage,'a{3wb\fulltitlepwhic!hfisthebigmaintitleofthepiece,'a{3wb\subtitlejpisfdispla!yedbMelowthemaintitleofthepiece,'a{3wb\shorttitlevYĹorfb\title)ȹwhic!hfisthetitlerepMeatedatthebottomofeac!hpage,'a{3wb\othermentionwhic!hX isdisplayedontheleftofthepage,vinfrontoftheauthor's 3wnamef(itma!ycontainseveralb\\todisplayitonseverallines,'a{3wb\maketitlepwhic!hfdisplaysallthepreviousstu .l^`Somefadditionalcommandstomak!eZfoMotnotess.Thesecommandsare 'a{3wThe?normalPlain-T,[wEB Xb\footnote;xcommandwhic!hhastwoarguments|notonly 3woneƞasinLٺAGT,[wEB X|namelythelabMelofthefootnote,άi.e.>an!ysequenceofcharacters3wandfnotonly gures,andthetextofthefoMotnote.ۍ3wZIMPOReTANT:/theb\footnoteZcommanddoMesnotw!orkinsidebo!xes42 Z,/thereforethis3wcommandm!ustnotbMeissuedwithinmusic.Butanotheralternatefeatureisprovided3w(seefbMelo!w).'a{3wThe~b\Footnote9ucommand,whic!h~countsthefoMotnotesandusesanumbMerasthelabel3wofАthefoMotnote(equivdDalen!ttoLٺAGT,[wEB X'sb\footnotecommand).\ZThesamerestriction3wappliesfconcerningfoMotnoteswithinthem!usiccoding. }ff/4 L͍-=Q41aP9eopleTaddictedtoilegaln:orotherpapAersizesshouldcorrectitfortheirownpurpAose. -=Q42aThisTisnotaTuAEX-bug,thisisafeature![%썍Z2.27.COFTENfREPOReTEDPR!OBLEMSANDDISCUSSIONFȈAXILITIESJ91W썠 'a{3wThe0b\vfootnoteCcommand,tak!en0fromthePlain-T,[wEB X,whic!hmakesthefoMotnote 3witself;atthebMottomofthecurren!tpage,butdoesnotputthefootnotelabelatthe3wplacefitisreferredinthemaintext.3wTh!us,Hif(fafoMotnoteisneededwhosereferenceliesinsidethemusicitself,Hthemusic3wt!ypMesetterfmustpMerformitintwosteps:9,1.G quotefthereferenceinsidethem!usic,usingbzcharnoteforexample,9,2.G pMostthefootnoteitself,usingb\vfootnoteoutsidethem!usic,eitherbMeforeG b\startpieceD(orb\debutmorceauwithbmusixcpt.tex)orbMet!weenb\stoppieceG andfb\piececont@porfequivdDalen!tcommands.NotefthatbmusixstyshouldnotbMeusedwithLٺAGT,[wEB X. R2.26.176musixtriPro!vides=]triplepMointednotesymbMols.AvdDailableare:Yb\lpppt''U,R_b\whppp%[,R_b\zwppp,R_b\huppp,R_b\hlppp,b\zhppp"},nb\zhuppp-2,nb\zhlppp,nb\quppp'숹,nb\qlppp,nb\zquppp-2,nb\zqlppp,nb\zqppp'숹,nb\cuppp,nb\zcuppp-2,b\clppp"},fb\zclppp+ ,fb\qbppp)ȹandfb\zqbppp.%A2.27,Oftenffreps3ortedproblemsanddiscussionfaxilities2.27.10NewsgroupsNo{spMeci cnewsgroupexistconcerningMuVT,[wEB X,MusicT,[wEX{orMusiXT,[wEB X;nev!erthelessW.Ickingsa!wfarticlesonthistopicinbcomp.text.texaswellasinbde.comp.tex. R2.27.20MailinglistA mailing-list doMesexistwhic!hwasformerlydedicatedtoMuVT,[wEB X,%[andnowtoMusicT,[wEB XandmostlyztoMusiXT,[wEB X._YeoucansubscribMetoitb!ysendingane-mailtobmutex-request@gmd.dewithfthemessagelinebsubscribe R2.27.30FAQsbgmd.de,toMo,hasaFȈA!Qwhichispresen!tlyout-of-dateandquiteunusablesinceitdisplaysmanyquestionsandcommen!tswithoutgivingtheanswer.ibHowever,itwillbMeprobablyenhancedinafnearfuture.ThisFȈA!QcanbMeaccessedusingbftp:bftp://ftp.gmd.de/music/mutex/faqandfthethearc!hivefofthemailinglistma!ybMeaccessedalsobybftp:bftp://ftp.gmd.de/music/mutex/archiveor:bhttp://www.gmd.de/Mail/ftp.gmd.deǹalsocon!tainsalotofstu concerningmusicandtypMesettingmusic,ҟwhichcan bMefaccessedb!yWWWat:bhttp://ftp.gmd.de/Misc/Music/\S%W썠Y`dChapter 35`MInstallation=`3.1$c*Gettingffthestu nٍAs seenbMefore, Wallthe lesarea!vdDailableatZanonymousftp Vbhprib.lps.u-psud.fr (193.55.39.152)finthedirectoryb/pub/musixtexThefb*.mfsource lesareinb/pub/musixtex/mfandftheb*.tfm lesareinb/pub/musixtex/tfmBesides,fthisman!ualisinb/pub/musixtex/musixdoc.psAnotherD+directorye,knamelyb/pub/musicffs#zipsnormallycon!tainsbmusixtex.zipwhichcon-tainsvallthedistributionforPCvm(MS-DOS)computers.NThisvisonlyforbftp-ingcon!veniencesincef/allsource lesaredirectlya!vdDailableinthegeneraldirectoryandsubMdirectories.9Inad-ditionasetofexamples(i.e.=the leswhosenamedoMesnotbeginwith\bmusix")ispac!kedin!to>bmusixexa.zipandthismanualisalsoinbmusixdocffs#ps.zip(thePostScriptversion)andbmusixdocffs#lj.zip6N(thePCL62v!ersionforLaserjets).FinallythePK lesofspMeci cfon!tsarepro-vided3inbmusixpk.zip,fbmusixpk3.zip(300and360dpi)andbmusixpk6.zip(600dpi);љgettingthese$ lesisuselessify!ouareabletoIMETAFwwONTthe leswhoseb*.mfareprovidedinthemainfpac!kdDage.ZCA!UTION:thezippMed lesareprovidedinthPC linecoMding,Ui.e.kwithbZatlineends,ratherthansinglebZasinthe`unixZcoMding.Thismeansthat`unixZusersm!ustcarefullyunzipthese lesusingthe\b-aZ"(our\b-aaZ"optionsofbunzipZtogetcorrectcoMdingofthesource les.Otherfwisetheyw!ould ndalotof\b^MZ"intheir les,whichmaycausefurthertroubles.Besides,f/unixuserscanalso|whenindirectoryb/pub|askfor:bgetmusixtex.tar 5orbgetmusixtex.tar.Z 5orbgetmusixtex.tar.gz 5andfev!enbgetmusixtex.zipThen,?theubhprib.lps.u-psud.frserv!erwillpMerformrequiredcollectionand/orcompression\on-the- y".Notekthatinthatcasethesource leswillbMeinthe`unixcodingratherthanPCcoMdingSofendoflines.Usuallye,thisisharmlessforPCeditorsandT,[wEB Xmotors,butwhokno!ws...J92]B%썍Z3.2.CINSTeALLINGfTHEF!ONTS 93W썠 ZFeon!ts;areDŽprovidedinbmusixtex.zipasb*.mf lesbutalsoasb*.tfmandb*.pk lesfor300dpi prin!tersforpreviewers.OthervdDaluesofthedpiparameterarealsoprovidedinbmusixpk*.zip.ՍNeededAUfon!tsarebmusix20,bmusix16,bmusix13,bmusix11,bmusix24,bmusix29,bmusixspx1,bxslhu20,bxslhu16,bxslhu24,bxslhu29,bxslhd20,bxslhd16,bxslhd24,bxslhd29,bxslu20,bxslu16,bxslu24,fbxslu29,bxsld20,bxsld16,bxsld24,bxsld29,bxslz20andbxslhz20.& 3.2$cInstallingffthefontsZAll% leswiththeextensionb.tfm2e׹hastobMecopiedinthatdirectorye,inwhic!htheotherb.tfm'sare.Iffy!ougettheerrormessage:b! 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