; TeX output 1996.03.25:22218K`y cmr10REVTU>'ExXUU3.0HReleasedNovembGerUU10,1992pt : cmbx9APPENDIXA:CHARACCTERSETLISTINGThisoappGendixprovidestableswhichshowallofthe spGecialcharactersandmathematicalsymbGolsthatareavqailablewithinREVTU>'ExX.SomeofthesesymbGolsre-quireUUtheAMSF*ontstobGeavqailable.REVTU>'ExXversion3.0suppGortsanextensivesetofsym-bGols,alphabets,andspecialfonts.;TheiravqailabilitydoGesnot;relieveanauthor(editor)ofconsideringwhetherachosen9notationorsymbGolwillconveytheintendedmean-ing,fand_*whetherthereisamoreconventional_*alternative.Asb always,e9forthebGene tofthereader,notationshouldbGe;clear,@assimpleaspossible,@andconsistentwithstan-dardusage.]NonstandardsymbGolsshouldonlybeusedif0necessary;#theirmeaningshouldbGeexplainedinthepapGerUUatthe rstoccurrence.EditorialrpGolicyonthisissuemayvqaryfromjournalto,journal.\Checkrecentissuesofagivenjournaland/orquerytheeditor.9-APS[authorsmayalsoconsultthejour-nal's7\InformationforContributors"aswellasthe!': cmti10Phys-ic}'al'ExXUUusers./ o cmr9T:ABLEgI.TextTaccen9tswithlettera.ffffff 1`aߤN cmtt9\`{a}D"+`aL)\'{a}U^`aR\^{a}`a`\"{a} ~`a\~{a}D"+`aL)\={a}q_gaR\.{a}`a`\u{a}`a\v{a}D"+}`aL)\H{a}Sr5" cmmi9_aaR\t{aa}a`\c{a}a㍍.\d{a}D"+ad\qD"+L)\b{a}5ffffff"@+ T:ABLEgIAI.MathTaccen9tswithlettera.ffff#?^a{\hat{a}@@aI;\check{a}_a\dot{a}¶“@ay\ddot{a} #?a{\breve{a}@~@aI;\tilde{a}ڿa\grave{a}¶“@ay\acute{a}#?a{\bar{a}@M~@aI;\vec{a}5ffffff"@)TT:ABLEgIAII.SpecialTsym9bols;an9ymode.&fffff cmsy9yp\dagcuxl:\Sc( $\copyright zp\ddagc {l:\P&] P cmu10]$$\pounds5ffffpT:ABLEgIV.OtherTspAecial(foreign)sym9bols;textmode.fffffff \.81a\aaG;hhG;hARL\AA96\ae?\AE \oGVRL\Or6\oer?\OE n:l\lH1 LRL\L09>6?`<?!`\ss5ffff"@CT:ABLEgV.GreekTletters;usedinmathmoAde.&fffff 1eαLowercase_l 6\alpha;t FQq\beta Z \gammaa3P\deltawl 6\epsilon:Y=\doteq 8\subset:&E\supsetu~L,\subseteq\supseteq< 8\sqsubset:&=E\sqsupsetu~Lv,\sqsubseteqw\sqsupseteqjuV= 8\models:&?E\perpwKj,\midk\parallel 8\prec:&E\succu~L,\preceq\succeq 8\sim:&'E\simequ~L,\approx=Í=\congA.uV/ 8\bowtie;1E\Jointw0^,\smile_\frown2 8\in;B3E\nivC`,\vdash}a\dashv/ 8\propto5ffffA-1O&cM !", cmsy10 Z\_1992AmericanUUPhysicalSoGciety OpticalUUSoGcietyofAmericaAmericanUUInstituteofPhysics*8REVTU>'ExXUU3.0HReleasedNovembGerUU10,1992pNegated>relationscansometimesbGeconstructedwith $ cmmi10x63Q\top} 1\diamondsuitLY'ExX. Y*ou canswitchtoscript(calligraphic)lettersbyusingtheUU\calcommand(notetheL):{\cal?L}_{\text{int}}=eF^{3}_{\pi}r^{2} B^{0}(r,t)?\epsilon\sin(\Omegat) \exp(\eta?t),gives)ŽLint =ʵeFc3 0ercmmi7rG2ÐBq0(r;t)sin ( t)exp([t);OnlyUUuppGercaselettersareavqailableinthe\calfont.A-28REVTU>'ExXUU3.0HReleasedNovembGerUU10,1992pY*ou canswitchtosansseriflettersbyusingthe\sf commandUU(notethe%m#R cmss10M):ɍR({\cal?Q}-{\calQ}_{0})=R_{0}?\exp\left(-\case1/2\Delta{\calQ}.\cdot{\sf?M}\cdot\Delta{\calQ}\right).n\label{eq:rdef}gives7{RDz(QBQ0|s)߷=R0'expb9 33133&fes2bٲQ8MQbhI:Both=uppGercaseandlowercase=lettersareavqailablewith \sf.!NCs c.@OtherNA̫b>dQaED+\qRbOõab3`+\qCcOõabc;+\qdOõabcdp:$2.AMSFonCtsnotationsThenAMSF*ontsarefontsthatweredevelopGedbythe AmericanMathematicalSoGcietyandarenowmadeavqail-ablegfreeofchargebytheAMS.TheMET*AFONT9source lesMforthesefontsarefreelyavqailable,asareprecompiled.pk les.PTherearetwostyleoptionsthatcanbGeusedto:accesstheAMSF*onts:daamsfontsandamssymb.hThesestyleP=optionsareexplainedinTheappropriatesoGciety-spGeci c 3documentation.bNotdistributedwithREVTU>'ExXarewOthe lesamsfonts.stywOandamssymb.stywOoftheAU>'M S-L5ffA͉TU>'ExXdistribution.BThese lesarecalledinbyREVTU>'EX,whentheNFSSsisine ect,togiveyouaccesstotheAMSF*onts;8~undertheOFSSREVTU>'ExXitselfwilldotheworkUUnecessarytoallowaccess.!%5a.@UsingN'ExXUU3.0HReleasedNovembGerUU10,1992p53.REVT9EXnotationsAnopGenfaceoneisavqailable.7]Itdoesnotchangesizein supGerscripts.gHereisanexample:p$\openone$gives131 O.\openoneqisafragilecommandandmustbGeimmediatelyprecededby\protectwhenusedinsectionheadingsandcaptions.Boldlargebracketingisalsoavqailable.Thenormalcommandsq\Biggl,\Bigl,::: ,whenusedwithanextra\b"UUontheendofthecommand,comeoutbGold:\[\Biggl(\biggl(\Bigl(\bigl((x)\bigr)\Bigr)\biggr)\Biggr)\]givesqЍHZA\ PD^Wa`]Ebb/(x)bW` ;^ꯟ\!qэwhile\[\Bigglb(\bigglb(\Biglb(\biglb((x)\bigrb)\Bigrb)\biggrb)\Biggrb)\]gives2H'3\ H\ HZ_ P՟^Px7^PEWn?`Wԡ`Wk]gb]{b]Eb/(x)ʟb3,bb`y`C Z^ S^ [\!\!ꇟ!qэThe commands\lesssim,\gtrsimgivetheoutputp<J׵;p>J qƲ,.Aeven$|withouttheamssymbstyleoption.a(Thecom-mands/\alt,\agt,7respGectively*,may/alsobGeused.)/ThesecommandsowillbGefragileifyouarenotusingtheamssymboption.SomeextradiacriticshavebGeenprovided.YTheyscalecorrectlyinsupGerscripts. iSomeexamplesfol-low. b$\tensor{x}$gives`x? u$ ҂.$\overstar{x}$gives՟ uxղ.$\overdots{x}$)givesDxҟȷ .$\overcirc{x}$gives#Xx #.$\loarrow{x}$6givesٵx u b̲.gV$\roarrow{x}$givesٵx u! b̲.gVThesecommandsUUallworkcorrectlyinsupGerscripts.\slantfrac{#1}{#2}/proGducesaslantedfractioninmath:moGde:d^1 =2|o.hThiscommandshouldnotbeusedin lesRdestinedtobGesubmittedtotheAPSR(normaluprightfractionsUUwillbGeproduced).\correspondsi}proGducesthesymbolp=^4mathmode,\precsimproGduces5inmathmode,and\succsimpro-duces%RqinmathmoGde.aTheAMSF*ontswillbeusedfortheseUUsymbGolsifyouhavethem,butarenotnecessary*.\lambdabar㎲proGduces\lambda-bar"inmathmode:9Մ34꫎8 ;.A-4Fb8REVTU>'ExXUU3.0HReleasedNovembGerUU10,1992p:,APPENDIXB:COMMANDLISTIn thefollowingpagesarebriefdescriptionsofsomenecessarycommands.9Thosecommandsthatareuniqueto REVTU>'ExXqGaresonotedwith(R).PleaseconsulttheL雍Qt}\cmti7ATKß'E-X!User'sGuide&R}'eference!ManualqGifyouhavefurtherquestionsUUregardingL5ffA͉TU>'ExXcommands.Ifqcommandsrequirearguments,xtheyaresonotedwith#1,#2,etc.ThecommandsareinorderoftheirprobableoGccurrenceUUina le. ffff1\documentstyle[#1]{revtex}WillBallo9wforpropAerformattingofpaper.Selectingasociet9ystyleoption(either osaToraps)ismandatory:.Use[manuscript,osa]for#1ifman9uscriptstyleisdesiredfortheOSAmacros,andTuse[osa]for#1ifgalleyst9yleisdesiredfortheOSAmacros.Usek[preprint,aps]for#1ifpreprin9tstyleisdesiredfortheAPSkmacros,anduse7[aps]for#1ifgalleyst9yleisdesiredfortheAPS7macros.Thepreprintandman9uscriptTstylesaresimilarideas.Theauthorwillalsoneedtoaddajournaloption.ConsultthesoAciet9y-speci cdoAcumen9tationTfortherelev|rantoptions.T:oTn9umbAerequationsbysection,usetheeqsecnumoption.r\tightenPreprin9tustyleoutputsadouble-spacedmanuscript.{Whenusedinpreprintstyle, this;commandrev9ertstosinglespacingtosavepapAer.&Hasnoe ectingalleyst9yle.Use;bAefore\begin{document}.Y:oucanalsousethetightenst9yleoptiontoTgetsingle-spacedpreprin9toutputforthewholepapAer.p(R)0\begin{document}BeginsTthebAodyToftheREVTuAEXdoAcumen9t.\preprint{#1}Whenusedasthe rstcommandofadoAcumen9t,places#1atthetoprightcorner ofTthe rstpageinpreprin9tstyle.pUsedforsite-spAeci cpreprintnumbAers.p(R)\draftOmissionofthiscommandwillcauseprin9tingofP:ACSnumbAerstobesti ed.(R)\title{#1}#1TisthetitleofthepapAer.pThetitleshouldbebrok9enwiththe\\command.\author{#1}#1Trepresen9tsalistofauthors.pUse\\toforcelinebreaks.\address{#1}#1represen9tsanauthor'saddress(institution).)TheaddressshouldbAebroken withT\\ifnecessary:.p(R)\date{#1}#1;represen9tsthedateofreceiptattheEditorialOces.ThisdatewillbAeinserted atTtheproAductionsite.\maketitlePrin9ts+thematerialcontainedinthe\title{#1},q$\author{#1},\address{#1} andT\date{#1}commands.lύ \begin{abstract},@\end{abstract},SignalsTthebAeginningorendoftheabstract.\pacs{#1}#1qrepresen9tsv|ralidP:ACSq(numbAers.0Thiscommandshouldbeusedafterthe abstract,Tev9enif#1isempty:.pUsethe\draftcommandtohave#1printed.p(R)\narrowtextF:or@galleyst9yle,Ewillsetalltextthatfollowsintoa3.4-in.column.iDoAesnota ect preprin9tToutput.p(R)\mediumtextF:or`galleyst9yle,scwillset gurecaptionsandtables5.5-in.wide..DoAesnota ect preprin9tToutput.p(R)\widetextF:or8galleyst9yle,Awillsetalltextthatfollowsintoa7-in.-widecolumn.DoAesnot a ectTpreprin9toutput.p(R)\section{#1}#1represen9tsaprimaryheading. 4F:ragilecommandsshouldbAeprecededby \protect.\subsection{#1}#1'ExXUU3.0HReleasedNovembGerUU10,1992p\cite{#1}Sets,areferenceorb9ylinefoAotnotecitation.`#1representsalistofreferencetags usedFwith\bibitem{#1}.FListsofconsecutiv9enumbAerswillbecollapsed;e.g.,[1,2,3]m1willbAecome[1{3].$Thest9yleofcitationinoutputwilldependonthesoAciet9yTand/orjournaloptionselected.pF:ragile.0\onlinecite{#1}Sets.areferencecitationjustlik9e\cite{#1}doAes,\exceptthatitplacesthecitation on-lineTinst9yleswherethecitationsareusuallysupAerscripts.pF:ragile.(R)\case{#1}{#2}Setstextst9yle(smaller)fractionsindisplayedequations.#1isthenumerator,#2 isTdenominator.pAnoptional/ma9ybAeaddedbet9weenT{#1}and{#2}.p(R)\openoneProAducesTanopenfaceone(131S2).pF:ragile.(R)\precsim,\succsimProAduceTthesignsQʟ_J;>L,respectiv9ely:,inmathmode.\lesssim,\gtrsimProAduce}c\appro9ximatelylessthan"and\approximatelygreaterthan"signs (̍<O41;̍>O4n)ik,TrespAectiv9ely:,inmathmode.pF:ragile.\tensor{#1}Giv9esTdouble-headedoverarrowinmathmoAde:p$\tensor{x}$givesxt6$ .p(R) \loarrow{#1}Giv9esTleft-goingoverarrowinmathmoAde:p$\loarrow{x}$givesxt6 .p(R)\roarrow{#1}Giv9es right-goingoverarrowinmathmoAdetomatch\loarrow{#1}:$\roarrow{x}$Tgiv9esxt6! .p(R)\overstar{#1}Giv9esToverstarinmathmoAde:p$\overstar{x}$givesƟ6xS.p(R)\overcirc{#1}Giv9esTovercircleinmathmoAde:p$\overcirc{x}$givesƟYxS.p(R)\biglb(,Tetc.CommandsTtoproAducelargeboldbrac9keting.p(R)J=\correspondsProAducesT\corresponds"signinmathmode:pe=^7-=4 lm.\slantfrac{#1}{#2}ProAducesaslan9tedfractioninmathmode:ҟ-=Aacmr61=02=. ShouldnotbeusedforAPS les.p(R)\lambdabarProAducesT\lam9bda-bar"inmathmode:uğ34p .p(R)\FLSetslthedispla9yedlequationthatfollo9ws ushleftwiththemargin. Onlyworks inTgalleyst9yle.p(R)\FRSetsy?thedispla9yedy?equationthatfollo9ws ushright.H2Onlyworksingalleystyle. (R)\[,\]SignalsTbAeginningorendofunn9umberedTdisplayedequation.\begin{equation},\end{equation}SignalsTbAeginningorendofsingle-linedispla9yedTequation.\begin{eqnarray},\end{eqnarray}SignalsTbAeginningorendofm9ultilinedisplayedequation.\nonumberSuppressesTthen9umbAeringTofasinglelineinaeqnarra9yenvironment.\eqnum{#1}Uses#1asthen9umbAerforanequationorforasinglelineofaneqnarra9y:.*The n9umbAerXcanbecross-referencedwith\ref{#1}if\label{#1}isusedrigh9tafter\eqnum{#1}.^Num9bAers-setwith\eqnum{#1}arecompletelyindependen9toftheautomaticTn9umbAering.p(R)0\begin{quasitable},\end{quasitable}En9vironmentTtoproAducetablesintext.pSeeapssamp.texforanexample.(R)\label{#1}#1wRrepresen9tsthetag.BkThiscommandappAearsindisplayedequationsthatneed cross-referencing,4all~tables,andall gurecaptions.VAlsousedfollo9wingsectionheadingsTthatneedcross-referencing.%\ref{#1}#1represen9tsthetag.ThiscommandappAearsintextwhereversections,equa- tions,Ttables,or guresarecited.pF:ragile.\acknowledgmentsSetsTasectionheadingfortheac9knowledgmentTsection.\appendixAfter-referencesym9bol.ԸThisisusedforb9ylineendnotesthatarenotnumbAered(e.g.,TthoseinPhysicalN'ExXUU3.0HReleasedNovembGerUU10,1992p\caption{#1}#1lrepresen9tsthetextofthecaption.nF:ragilecommandsmustbAeprecededby \protect.\label{#2}#2Trepresen9tsthe gurecaptiontag.\end{figure}EndsTtheen9vironmentTforthe gurecaption.\begin{table}SignalsTthebAeginningofatable.\squeezetableUsed%immediatelyafter\begin{table},)shrinkstablesthatw9ouldnototherwise t.p(R)\caption{#1}Sets?~thetablecaption.#1represen9tsthetextofthecaption.F:ragilecommands m9ustTbAeprecededby\protect.\begin{tabular}{#1}Signals16thebAeginningofthetabularmaterial.f#1represen9tsformattingcommands forTthecolumns.\hlineSetsoahorizon9talrule,]separatingcolumnheadingsfromdata.+\tablelinemay alsoTbAeused.\end{tabular}SignalsTendoftabularmaterial.\end{table}SignalsTtheendofatable.\end{document}EndsTthebAodyToftheREVTuAEXdoAcumen9t.5ff9cB-3|;q] P cmu10%m#R cmss10$ cmmi10 0ercmmi7K`y cmr10ٓRcmr7u cmex10