; TeX output 1997.01.22:1745y?DtGGcmr17LdKGXQ cmr12AT[-E;gX`2gG cmmi12"fonqt7tselection#thcq!", cmsy10 Copryright19951996,LDD"|{Ycmr8A_ٺT UE!X3ProjectTVeam.-Allrighrtsreserved.+-23NorvembSer19961č>Nff cmbx12Contents>"V cmbx101MIn9troQduction2 MK`y cmr101.1dL5ffٓRcmr7A͉TU>'ExX2 b> cmmi10"fontsH_.............................2M1.2dOverviewk...............................2M1.3dF*urtherUUinformation .........................3>2MT extTfon9ts84M2.1dT*extUUfontattributesxU.........................4M2.2dSelectionUUcommandsƍ.........................6M2.3dInternals\................................7M2.4dParametersUUforauthorcommands0..................8M2.5dSpGecialUUfontdeclarationcommands۝.................9>3MMathTfon9ts10M3.1dMathUUfontattributesፍ.........................11M3.2dSelectionUUcommandsƍ.........................12M3.3dDeclaringUUmathversions1(.......................13M3.4dDeclaringUUmathalphabGets......................13M3.5dDeclaringUUsymbGolfontsK........................14M3.6dDeclaringUUmathsymbGols&.......................15M3.7dDeclaringUUmathsizes.........................16>4MF on9tTinstallation!17M4.1dF*ontUUde nition les΍..........................17M4.2dF*ontUUde nition lecommands1 ....................17M4.3dF*ontUU leloadinginformation).....................19M4.4dSizeUUfunctionsƯ.............................201*y?>5MEncoQdings 21 M5.1dTheUUm#R cmss10fontencpackqage.........................21M5.2dEncoGdingUUde nition lesM.......................22M5.3dDefaultUUde nitions?..........................24M5.4dEncoGdingUUdefaults# ...........................25M5.5dCaseUUchanging̍.............................26>6MMiscellanea=26M6.1dF*ontUUsubstitution#...........................27M6.2dPreloading...............................27M6.3dAccentedUUcharacters荍.........................27M6.4dNamingUUconventions⍍.........................29>7MIfTy9ouneedtoknowmore...>m30'č>1VLIntros3duction>ThissdoGcumentdescribesthenewfontselectionfeaturesoftheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXDocument>PreparationJSystem.n8Itisintendedforpackqagewriterswhowanttowritefont->loadingUUpackqagessimilartoThisDdoGcumentisonlyabriefintroGductiontothenewfacilitiesandisintended>for,packqagewriterswhoarefamiliarwithTU>'ExXfontsandL5ffA͉TU>'ExXpackqages.=MItis>': cmti10neitherhaUUuser-guidenorareferencemanualforfontsinL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"(.!6> N cmbx121.1\LAl#!2@cmbx8A~/TESXa2#DF cmmib10"0fontsuT>ThemostimpGortantdi erencebetweenL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2.09andL5ffATU>'ExX2"*݈isthewaythat>fonts!areselected.*InL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2.09,theComputerMoGdernfontswerebuiltinto>thefL5ffA͉TU>'ExXformat,andsocustomizingL5ffATU>'ExXtouseotherfontswasama8jor>e ort.>InL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"(潲,veryfewfontsarebuiltintotheformat,andtherearecommands>toNloadnewtextandmathfonts.EPackqagesNsuchastimesorlatexsymallow>authorsZtoaccessthesefonts.)ThisdoGcumentdescribGeshowtowritesimilar>font-loadingUUpackqages.>TheL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"+#Tfontselectionsystemwas rstreleasedasthe`NewF*ontSelection>Scheme'(NFSS)in1989,andtheninrelease2in1993.LL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2",BincludesNFSS>releaseUU2asstandard.!6>1.2\OverviewuT>ThisUUdoGcumentcontainsanoverviewofthenewfontcommandsofL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.2Ӡy?>SectionT2q(ԲdescribGescthecommandsforselectingfontsinclassesandpackqages. WItliststhe veL5ffA͉TU>'ExXfontattributes,andliststhecommandsforselectingWfonts.aVItalsodescribGeshowtocustomizetheauthorcommandssuchasW\textrmUUand\textittosuityourdoGcumentdesign.>SectionT3q(ԲexplainsuthecommandsforcontrollingL5ffA͉TU>'ExXmathfonts.&Itde-WscribGesUUhowtospecifynewmathfontsandnewmathsymbGols.>SectionT4q(ԲexplainshowtoinstallnewfontsintoL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.>ItshowshowL5ffA͉TU>'ExXWfont.attributesareturnedintoTU>'ExXfontnames,%andhowtospGecifyyourWownUUfontsusingfontde nition les.>SectionT5q(ԲdiscussestextfontencoGdings.#ItdescribeshowtodeclareanewWencoGdingeGandhowtode necommands,Csuchas\AEeor\",CwhichhaveWdi erentLde nitionsindi erentencoGdings,dependingLonwhetherligatures,Wetc.UUareavqailableintheencoGding.>SectionT6q(Բcoversfontmiscellanea.0ItdescribGeshowL5ffA͉TU>'ExXpGerformsfontsub-Wstitution,Chow?tocustomizefontsthatarepreloadedintheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXformat,WandUUthenamingconventionsUUusedinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXfontselection.!6>1.3\FurtherinformationuT>F*orGageneralintroGductiontoL5ffA͉TU>'ExX,includingthenewfeaturesofL5ffATU>'ExX2"(",you>shouldXreadL雍Q)t}\cmti7ATKß'E-X:A Do}'cument PreparationSystem,YLeslieXLampGort,Addison>W*esley,UU2nded,1994.>A[more|detaileddescriptionoftheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXfontselectionschemeistobGefound>in HThecL雍QATKß'E-XComp}'anion,*GoGossens,MittelbachandSamarin,AddisonW*esley,>1994.>The4L5ffA͉TU>'ExXfontselectionschemeisbasedonTU>'ExX,,whichisdescribGedbyits>developGer\8inThe=TKß'E-Xb}'ook,]Donald\8E.Knuth,]AddisonW*esley,1986,revised\8in>1991UUtoincludethefeaturesofTU>'ExX3.>SebastianRahtz'spsnfsssoftwarecontainsthesoftwareforusingalargenum->bGerofType1fonts(includingtheAdobeLaserW*riter35andtheMonotype>CD-ROMefonts)einL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.ItshouldbGeavqailablefromthesamesourceasyour>copyUUofL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.>ThepsnfsssoftwareusesfontsgeneratedbyAlanJe rey'sfontinstsoftware.>ThiswcanconvertwfontsfromAdobGeF*ontMetricformatintoaformatreadable>byrL5ffA͉TU>'ExX,zincludingthegenerationofthe.fd lesdescribGedinSection4. The>fontinst>вsoftwareshouldbGeavqailablefromthesamesourceasyourcopyof>L5ffA͉TU>'ExX.>Wheneverpractical,2L5ffA͉TU>'ExXusesthefontnamingschemedescribGedinFilenames>forfonts,UUKarlBerry*,TUGb}'oatH-11(4),UU1990.3.y?>Theclass-writer'sguideL雍QATKß'E-X2", forClassandPackageWriters^describGesthe >new;PL5ffA͉TU>'ExXfeaturesforwritersofdoGcumentclassesandpackqagesandiskept>inclsguide.tex.Con guringL5ffA͉TU>'ExXiscoveredbytheguideCon gur}'ation>optionsforL雍QATKß'E-X2",Uin_cfgguide.texwhilstthephilosophybGehindourpolicy>onUUmoGdifyingL5ffA͉TU>'ExXisdescribedinMo}'difyingL雍QATKß'E-Xinmodguide.tex.>W*eDaregraduallyturningthesourcecoGdeforL5ffA͉TU>'ExXintoaL5ffATU>'ExXdoGcument>L雍QATKß'E-X:8thew+pr}'ogram.g^This6doGcumentincludesanindexofL5ffA͉TU>'ExXcommandsand>canUUbGetypesetfromsource2e.tex.>F*orj_moreinformationabGoutTU>'ExXandL5ffA͉TU>'EX,]pleasecontactyourloGcalTU>'ExXUsers>Group,UUortheinternationalTU>'ExXUsersGroup.qHerearesomeusefuladdresses.W*o cmr9TuAEXUsersGroup,01850UnionStreet#1637,SanF:rancisco,CA94123, WUSAWF:ax:T+14159828559*Email:p+ߤN cmtt9tug@tug.orgWUKTTUG,1EymoreClose,SellyOak,BirminghamB294LB,UKWF:ax:p+44T1214762159*Email:uktug-enquiries@tex.ac.uk'č>2VLTfextfffonts>Thisb@sectiondescribGesthecommandsavqailabletoclassandpackqagewritersfor >spGecifyingUUandselectingfonts.!6>2.1\TextfontattributesuT>EveryUUtextfontinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXhas veattributes!:>encoQdingoThisKspGeci estheorderthatcharactersappearinthefont.֨TheWtwomostcommontextencoGdingsusedinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXareKnuth's`TU>'EXtext'WencoGding,andH'the`TU>'ExXtextextended'encodingdevelopedbytheTU>'ExXWUsers-GroupmembGersduringaTU>'ExXConferenceatCorkin1990(henceWitsUUinformalname`CorkencoGding').>familyb%ITheanameforacollectionoffonts,KusuallygroupGedunderacommonWnamebythefontfoundry*.FForexample,`AdobGeTimes',`ITCGaramond',WandUUKnuth's`ComputerMoGdernRoman'areallfontfamilies.>series^WHowheavyorexpandedafontis.rF*orexample,`mediumweight',`nar-Wrow'UUand`bGoldextended'areallseries.>shapQe_~The/formoftheletterswithinafontfamily*. `For/example,`italic',W`oblique'UUand`upright'(sometimescalled`roman')areallfontshapGes.>sizeUƲTheUUdesignsizeofthefont,forexample`10pt'.4>+y?>ThepGossiblevqaluesfortheseattributesaregivenshortacronymsbyL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.mostUUcommonvqaluesforthefontencoGdingare:=qǍdOT1BTU>'ExXUUtext£T1BTU>'ExXUUextendedtextOMLBTU>'ExXUUmathitalicOMSBTU>'ExXUUmathsymbGolsOMXBTU>'ExXUUmathlargesymbGolsUBUnknownw$L !", cmsy10hxx4DiBAUUloGcalencoding>Thek`loGcal'encodingsareintendedforfontencoGdingswhichareonlyloGcally>avqailable,UUforexampleafontcontaininganorganisation'slogoinvqarioussizes.>TherearefartoGomanyfontfamiliestolistthemall,Nbutsomecommonones>are:Gd}!cmrComputerUUMoGdernRomanw$cmssComputerUUMoGdernSansw$cmttComputerUUMoGdernTypewriter}!cmmComputerUUMoGdernMathItalicw$cmsyComputerUUMoGdernMathSymbolsw$cmexComputerUUMoGdernMathExtensions}!ptmAdobGeUUTimes}!phvAdobGeUUHelvetica}!pcrAdobGeUUCourierIqǍ>TheUUmostcommonvqaluesforthefontseriesare:/d}!m@Medium}!b@Boldw$bx@BoldUUextendedw$sb@Semi-bGold}!c@Condensed1qǍ>TheUUmostcommonvqaluesforthefontshapGeare:+qǍd}!n@NormalUU(thatis`upright'or`roman')w$it@Italicw$sl@SlantedUU(or`oblique')w$sc@CapsUUandsmallcaps>The5ffontsizeisspGeci edasadimension,mjforexample10ptor1.5inor3mm.>TheseUU veparametersspGecifyeveryL5ffA͉TU>'ExXfont,forexample:5Kfy?d@*L雍QATKß'E-Xsp}'eci cationXF;ontPTKß'E-Xfontname @*OT1Tcmrhqmrvn} 10pt;ComputerUUMoGdernRoman10ptdcmr10@*OT1R@cmsshqmosl} 12ptComputerUUMoGdernSansOblique12pt_cmssi12@*OMLTcmmhqmoit} 10pt"̲ComputerUUMoGdernMathItalic10ptbIcmmi10Cv)T1Tptmhqboit} 18pt@AdobGeUUTimesBoldItalic18ptOptmbq?at18pt.>These veparametersaredisplayedwheneverL5ffA͉TU>'ExXgivesanoverfullbGoxwarn- >ing,UUforexample:L,Overfull\hbox(3.80855pttoowide)inparagraphatlines314--318 L,[]\OT1/cmr/m/n/10Normally[]and[]willbeiden-ti-cal,>TheUUauthorcommandsforfontssetthe veattributes:+dBAuthorc}'ommand3AttributeV;alueinarticleUUclass[T\textrm{..}UUor\rmfamily,+familycmr[T\textsf{..}UUor\sffamily,+familycmss[T\texttt{..}UUor\ttfamily,+familycmtt[T\textmd{..}UUor\mdseries .seriesm[T\textbf{..}UUor\bfseries .seriesbx`\textup{..}UUor\upshapeeshapGen`\textit{..}UUor\itshapeeshapGeit`\textsl{..}UUor\slshapeeshapGesl`\textsc{..}UUor\scshapeeshapGescB\tinygsize5pt)T\scriptsizegsize7ptZ\footnotesizegsize8ptiE\smallgsize9pt)T\normalsizegsize10ptiE\largegsize12ptiE\Largegsize14.4ptiE\LARGEgsize17.28ptB\hugegsize20.74ptB\Hugegsize24.88pt>ThevqaluesusedbythesecommandsaredeterminedbythedoGcumentclass,>usingUUtheparametersde nedinSection2.4.&>Note6thattherearenoauthorcommandsforselectingnewencoGdings.iThese>shouldUUbGeprovidedbypackqages,suchasthefontencpackqage.>This>sectiondoGesnotexplainhowL5ffA͉TU>'ExXfontspGeci cationsareturnedintoTU>'ExX>fontUUnames.qThisisdescribGedinSection4. c>2.2\Selectioncommands >TheUUlow-levelcommandsusedtoselectatextfontareasfollows.6Sy?&f$@ffŸ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\fontencodingT{- cmsy9h.j cmti9encodingUi*x}!W ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\fontfamilyT{hfamilyUi }5á ffͤLτ ffΟ1\fontseriesT{hseriesiH}72T ffͤLτ ffΟ1\fontshapeT{hshape i}= m ffͤLτ ffΟ1\fontsizeT{hsize ii}{hbaselineskip'i6}͡ ff5ffŽ*ō>Each1~ofthesecommandssetsoneofthefontattributes;\fontsizealsosets >\baselineskip. ThepHactualfontinuseisnotalteredbythesecommands,wbut>thecurrentattributesareusedtodeterminewhichfonttouseafterthenext>\selectfontUUcommand.o$@ff?s1ͤLτ ffΟ1\selectfont͡ ff5ff?s阍>SelectsUUatextfont,basedonthecurrentvqaluesofthefontattributes.t䍑>Warning}:4BtheremustjbGea\selectfontcommandimmediatelyafteranyset->tingsSofthefontparametersby(someof)the ve\fonthp}'arameteri7commands,>bGeforeUUanyfollowingtext.qF*orexample,itislegaltosay:L,\fontfamily{ptm}\fontseries{b}\selectfontSometext.>butUUitisnotH-legaltosay:L,\fontfamily{ptm}Some\fontseries{b}\selectfonttext.>Y*ou"mmaygetunexpGectedresultsifyouputtextbGetweena\fonthp}'arameteri >commandUUanda\selectfont.o$@ff1ͤLτ ffΟ1\usefontT{hencodingUi*x}{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}͡ ff5ff阍>Ashorthandfortheequivqalent\font... commandsfollowedbyacallto>\selectfont.>2.3\Internals8>TheUUcurrentvqaluesofthefontattributesareheldininternalmacros.Fa$@ffR˟1ͤLτ ffΟ1\f@encoding% ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\f@family"&Q ffͤLτ ffΟ1\f@series"&Q ffͤLτ ffΟ1\f@shape&硄 ffͤLτ ffΟ1\f@size+} ffͤLτ ffΟ1\f@baselineskip͡ ffͤLτ ffΟ1\tf@size&硄 ffͤLτ ffΟ1\sf@size&硄 ffͤLτ ffΟ1\ssf@size"&Q ff5ffRˎ@ō>TheseholdthecurrentvqaluesoftheencoGding,*thefamily*,theseries,theshapGe,7^ˠy?>thesize,Nthebaselineskip,themainmathsize,the`script'mathsizeandthe >`scriptscript'bmathsize.Thelastthreeareaccessibleonlywithinaformula;>outsideUUofmaththeymaycontainarbitraryvqalues.>F*orUUexample,tosetthesizeto12withoutchangingthebaselineskip:L,\fontsize{12}{\f@baselineskip}>However,youshouldneverHalterthevqaluesoftheinternalcommandsdirectly;>they5UmustonlybGemodi edusingthelow-level5Ucommandslike\fontfamily,>\fontseries,ketc. If4youdisobGeythiswarningyoumightproGducecodethat>loGops.!6>2.4\ParametersforauthorcommandsuT>Theiparametervqaluessetbyauthorcommandssuchas\textrmand\rmfamily,>etc.Parenothard-wiredintoL5ffA͉TU>'ExX;-Minsteadthesecommandsusethevqaluesof>a0>numbGerofparameterssetbythedoGcumentclassandpackqages.F*orexam->ple,a\rmdefaultŲisthenameofthedefaultfamilyselectedby\textrmand>\rmfamily.FNThustosetadoGcumentinAdobGeTimes,HelveticaandCourier,>theUUdoGcumentdesignerspeci es:L,\renewcommand{\rmdefault}{ptm} L,\renewcommand{\sfdefault}{phv}L,\renewcommand{\ttdefault}{pcr}-a$ffWa1ͤLτ ffΟ1\encodingdefault͡ ffͤLτ ffΟ1\familydefault? ffͤLτ ffΟ1\seriesdefault? ffͤLτ ffΟ1\shapedefault ff5ffWa%ō>The)8encoGding,2 family*,seriesandshapGeofthemainbodyfont.cBydefaultthese >areOT1,~\rmdefault,mandn.,CNotethatsincethedefaultfamilyis\rmdefault,>this.8meansthatchanging\rmdefaultwillchangethemainbGody.8fontofthe>doGcument.%a$@ff;?ݟ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\rmdefault͡ ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\sfdefault͡ ffͤLτ ffΟ1\ttdefault͡ ff5ff;?ݎō>The.familiesselectedby\textrm,d\rmfamily,\textsf,\sffamily,\texttt>andUU\ttfamily.qBydefaultthesearecmr,cmssandcmtt.8 iy?f$ff;?ݟ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\bfdefault͡ ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\mddefault͡ ff5ff;?ݎō>The>seriesselectedby\textbf,vz\bfseries,\textmd>²and\mdseries.Bydefault >thesearebxandm.Thesevqaluesaresuitableforthedefaultfamiliesused.If>otherlfontsareusedasstandarddoGcumentfonts(forexample,acertainPostScript>fonts)IitmightbGenecessarytoadjustthevqalueof\bfdefaulttobsinceonly>aYfewsuchfamilieshavea`bGoldextended'series.~Analternative(takenforthe>fonts~providedbypsnfss)istode nesilentsubstitutionsfrombxseriestob>serieswithspGecial\DeclareFontShapedeclarationsandthessubsizefunction,>seeUUSection4.4.+a$ff;?ݟ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\itdefault͡ ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\sldefault͡ ffͤLτ ffΟ1\scdefault͡ ffͤLτ ffΟ1\updefault͡ ff5ff;?ݎ%ō>The(shapGesselectedby\textit,\itshape,\textsl,\slshape,\textsc,>\scshape,UU\textupand\upshape.qBydefaulttheseareit,sl,scandn.>Noteo:thattherearenoparametersforthesizecommands.wTheseshouldbGe>de nedUUdirectlyinclass les,forexample:'L,\renewcommand{\normalsize}{\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont}'>More@elabGorateexamples(settingadditionalparameterswhenthetextsizeis>changed)ocanbGefoundinclasses.dtxthesourcedocumentationfortheclasses>article,UUreport,andbook. 9Ѝ>2.5\Sp`ecialfontdeclarationcommandso$@ffP61ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareFixedFontT{hcmdpi`}{hENCM'i=}{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}{hsize ii}͡ ff5ffP6阍>Declarescommandhcmdi$tobGeafontswitchwhichselectsthefontthatis>spGeci edUUbytheattributeshENCsi!,hfamily}i&;,hseries!i$Dz,hshap}'e[i#_,andhsize[i.>Thefontisselectedwithoutanyadjustmentstobaselineskipandothersur->roundingUUconditions.>ThisUUexamplemakes{\picturechar?.}selectasmalldotveryquickly:'L,\DeclareFixedFont{\picturechar}{OT1}{cmr}{m}{n}{5}o$@ffB1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextFontCommandT{hcmdpi`}{hfont-switchesi;D}͡ ff5ffB阍>Declares9commandhcmdi&ZtobGeafontcommandwithoneargument.3Thecurrent>fontattributesareloGcallymodi edbyhfont-switches!iHandthentheargument>ofUUhcmdi!]زisUUtypGesetintheresultingnewfont.9 sy?>Commands?de nedby\DeclareTextFontCommandautomaticallytakecareof >anyUUnecessaryitaliccorrection(oneitherside).>TheUUfollowingexampleshowshow\textrmisde nedbythekernel.L,\DeclareTextFontCommand{\textrm}{\rmfamily}>T*ode neacommandthatalwaystypGesetitsargumentintheitalicshapGeofthe>mainUUdoGcumentfontyoucoulddeclare:L,\DeclareTextFontCommand{\normalit}{\normalfont\itshape}>ThisFdeclarationcanbGeusedtochangethemeaningofacommand;Kifhcmdi!@zis>alreadyUUde ned,alogthatithasbGeenrede nedisputinthetranscript le.o$@ff츟1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareOldFontCommandT{hcmdpi`}{htext-switch9i2!}{hmath-switch9i8}͡ ff5ff츎阍>Declarescommandhcmdi&TtobGeafontswitch(i.e.usedwiththesyntax>{hcmdi....})thavingthede nitionhtext-switchci=whenusedintextandthede-> nitionrhmath-switchciCwhenrusedinaformula.MathalphabGetcommands,zlike>\mathit,@when;Rusedwithinhmath-switchciC$1shouldnothave;Ranargument.iTheir>useinthisargumentcausestheirsemanticstochangesothattheyhereactas>aUUfontswitch,asrequiredbytheusageofthehcmdi.>Thisdeclarationisusefulforsettingupcommandslike\rmtobGehaveasthey>didMinL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2.09.?W*estronglyurgeyounot%tomisusethisdeclarationtoinvent>newUUfontcommands.>The3ifollowingexamplede nes\ittoproGducetheitalicshapeofthemaindoc->ument;?fontifusedintextandtoswitchtothefontthatwouldnormallybGe>proGducedUUbythemathalphabet\mathitifusedinaformula.L,\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}>ThisFdeclarationcanbGeusedtochangethemeaningofacommand;Kifhcmdi!@zis>alreadyUUde ned,alogthatithasbGeenrede nedisputinthetranscript le.'č>3VLMathfffonts>Thisb@sectiondescribGesthecommandsavqailabletoclassandpackqagewritersfor>spGecifyingUUmathfontsandmathcommands.10 ny?>3.1\MathfontattributesuT>TheAselectionoffontswithinmathmoGdeisquitedi erenttothatoftextfonts.>Somemathfontsareselectedexplicitlybyone-argumentcommandssuchas >\mathsf{max}ٲor\mathbf{vec}:thesearecalledmathalphab}'ets.SThesemath>alphabGet5Qcommandsa ectonlythefontusedforlettersandsymbGolsoftypGe>\mathalphaW(seeSection3.6);HXothersymbGolswithintheargumentwillbGeleft>unchanged.qTheUUprede nedmathalphabGetsare:CqǍdAAlphab}'etDescriptionKExample&\mathnormalRdefaultabcXY8Z\mathrmromanabGcXYZ\mathbfObGoldUUromanabQcXYZ\mathsfހڲsansUUserifabGcXYZ\mathit6.textUUitalicGab}'cXYZ\mathtt˄typGewriter/abcXYZ\mathcalrcalligraphic XvY}Z>Other,mathfontsareselectedimplicitlybyTU>'ExXforsymbGols,withcommands>suchJmas\oplus(proGducing)orwithstraightcharacterslike>or+.QF*onts>containingi!suchmathsymbGolsarecalledmathsymb}'olfonts.,Theprede ned>mathUUsymbGolfontsare:1qǍdsSymb}'olfontۚDescription>ExamplevCoperatorsヲsymbGolsUUfrom\mathrmHU;[+]{letterscsymbGolsUUfrom\mathnormal<<<?>>{symbolsMmostUUL5ffA͉TU>'ExXsymbGolsDȸnclargesymbols׃ylargeUUsymbGolsBu cmex10PNQZSR>SomemathfontsarebGothmathҲalphab}'etskandmathsymb}'olfonts,forexample>\mathrmAandoperatorsarethesamefont,Eand\mathnormalandlettersare>theUUsamefont.>MathfontsinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXhavethesame veattributesastextfonts: encoGding,>family*,&series,shapGe~andsize."However,&there~arenocommandsthatallowthe>attributes`YtobGeindividuallychanged.Instead,ctheconversionfrommathfonts>tothese veattributesiscontrolledbythemathversion.#F*orexample,gthe>normalUUmathversionmaps:11 y?dMathfontExternalfont [Alphab}'etsSymb}'olfonts/Attributes@4\mathnormallettersOML&;cmm? mJ?it@(\mathrmoperatorsOT1&;cmr? mLn+\mathcalsymbolsOMS$The|3boldmathversionissimilarexceptthatitcontainsbGoldfonts.bThecom- >mandUU\boldmathselectstheboldmathversion.>MathUUversionscanonlybGechangedoutsideofmathmoGde.>TheUUtwoprede nedmathversionsare:qǍdWnormaluFtheUUdefaultmathversionuQbolduFtheUUbGoldmathversion>Packqagesmayde nenewmathalphabGets,*mathsymbGolfonts,*andmathver->sions.qThisUUsectiondescribGesthecommandsforwritingsuchpackqages.!6>3.2\SelectioncommandsuT>TherenarenocommandsforselectingsymbGolfonts.&Instead,utheseareselected>indirectlythroughsymbGolcommandslike\oplus.lSection3.6explainshowto>de neUUsymbGolcommands.=($@ffefu1ͤLτ ffΟ1\mathnormal{hmath9i}͡ ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\mathcal{hmath9i} ffͤLτ ffΟ1\mathrm{hmath9i}% ffͤLτ ffΟ1\mathbf{hmath9i}% ffͤLτ ffΟ1\mathsf{hmath9i}% ffͤLτ ffΟ1\mathit{hmath9i}% ffͤLτ ffΟ1\mathtt{hmath9i}% ff5ffefu5ō>EachmathalphabGetisacommandwhichcanonlybGeusedinsidemathmode.>F*orUUexample,$x?+\mathsf{y}+\mathcal{Z}$UUproGducesx8+y\m+Z_.o$@ffŸ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\mathversion{hversion-name i=Ӎ}͡ ff5ffŽ阍>This^Fcommandselectsamathversion;bitcanonlybGeusedoutsidemathmode.>F*orUUexample,\boldmathisde nedtobGe\mathversion{bold}.12 5y?>3.3\Declaringmathversionso$@ff"01ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareMathVersionT{hversion-name i=Ӎ}͡ ff5ff"0阍>De nesUUhversion-name[iItoUUbGeamathversion.5>ThenewlydeclaredversionisinitialisedwiththedefaultsforallsymbGolfonts >andmathalphabGetsdeclaredsofar(seethecommands\DeclareSymbolFont>andUU\DeclareMathAlphabet).>If%usedonanalreadyexistingversion,/aninformationmessageiswrittentothe>transcriptG% leandallprevious\SetSymbolFontor\SetMathAlphabetdecla->rationsforthisversionareoverwrittenbythemathalphabGetandsymbGolfont>defaults,UUi.e.oneendsupwithavirginmathversion.>Example:L,\DeclareMathVersion{normal} e_>3.4\Declaringmathalphab`etso$@ff`u1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareMathAlphabetT{hmath-alph9i/=}{hencodingUi*x}{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}͡ ff5ff`u阍>De nesUUhmath-alphci:futoUUbGeanewmathalphabet.>Thefargumentshenc}'oding}i5hfamily}i]aFhseries!ihshap}'e[i˲arethedefaultvqaluesfor>this"mathalphabGetinallmathversions; thesecanberesetlaterforaparticular>mathversionbya\SetMathAlphabetcommand.2Ifhshap}'e[i'5isemptythenthe>hmath-alphciuis(declaredtobGeinvqalidinallversions, \unlessitissetbyalater>\SetMathAlphabetUUcommand.>Checks"thathmath-alphci;canbGeusedandthathenc}'oding}i5risavqalidencoding>scheme.>In%theseexamples,\fooisde nedeverywherebut\baz,bydefault,isde ned>nowhere.L,\DeclareMathAlphabet{\foo}{OT1}{cmtt}{m}{n} L,\DeclareMathAlphabet{\baz}{OT1}{}{}{}"a$ffM+1ͤLτ ffΟ1\SetMathAlphabetT{hmath-alph9i/=}{hversion-name i=Ӎ}͡ ffͤLτ ff!|M1{hencodingUi*x}T{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}͡ ff5ffM+>Changes,sor:sets,thefontforthemathalphabGethmath-alphci;h?inmathversion >hversion-name[iAtoUUhenc}'oding}i1Nhfamily}iTihseries!ivhshap}'e[i".>Checks[andUUhenc}'oding}i4زisUUaknownencoGdingscheme.>ThisUUexamplede nes\bazforthe`normal'mathversiononly:13y?L,\SetMathAlphabet\baz{normal}{OT1}{cmss}{m}{n}>NotethatthisdeclarationisnotusedforallmathalphabGets:Section3.5de- >scribGes#\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet,#whichisusedtosetupmathalphabets>containedUUinfontswhichhavebGeendeclaredassymbGolfonts.!m>3.5\Declaringsymb`olfonts"O$@ffk 1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareSymbolFontT{hsym-font-name iC}{hencodingUi*x}{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}͡ ff5ffk 򎎎阍>De nesUUhsym-font-name[iPFtoUUbGeanewsymbolfont.I>Thefargumentshenc}'oding}i5hfamily}i]aFhseries!ihshap}'e[i˲arethedefaultvqaluesfor>thissymbGolfontinallmathversions;thesecanbGeresetlaterforaparticular>mathUUversionbya\SetSymbolFontcommand.>Checks]thathsym-font-name[iRsVcanbGeusedandthathenc}'oding}i6isadeclared>encoGdingUUscheme.>F*orUUexample,thefollowingsetsupthe rstfourstandardmathsymbGolfonts:L,\DeclareSymbolFont{operators}{OT1}{cmr}{m}{n} L,\DeclareSymbolFont{letters}{OML}{cmm}{m}{it}L,\DeclareSymbolFont{symbols}{OMS}{cmsy}{m}{n}L,\DeclareSymbolFont{largesymbols}{OMX}{cmex}{m}{n}"a$ff㨟1ͤLτ ffΟ1\SetSymbolFontT{hsym-font-name iC}{hversionNChangesthesymbGolfonthsym-font-name[iPx`formathversionhversionname[iIto >henc}'oding}ioNhfamily}i"hseries!ihshap}'e[i̲.>Checks-thathsym-font-name[iNisasymbGolfont,ۜhversionname[iH#isaknownmath>versionUUandhenc}'oding}i4زisadeclaredencoGdingscheme.>F*orUUexample,thefollowingcomefromthesetupofthe`bGold'mathversion:L,\SetSymbolFont{operators}{bold}{OT1}{cmr}{bx}{n} L,\SetSymbolFont{letters}{bold}{OML}{cmm}{b}{it}o$@ff`1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabetT{hmath-alph9i/=}{hsym-font-name iC}͡ ff5ff`阍>Allows}thepreviouslydeclaredsymbGolfonthsym-font-name[iNktobGealsothemath>alphabGetUUhidiѲ(inUUallmathversions).>This declarationshouldbGeusedinpreferenceto\DeclareMathAlphabetand>\SetMathAlphabet̲whenamathalphabGetisthesameasasymbolfont;kthis14y?>isbGecauseitmakesbetteruseofthelimitednumber(only16)ofTU>'ExX'smath >groups.>ChecksgDthathmath-alphci:ScanbGede nedandthathsym-font-name[iP?$isasymbGol>font.>Example:L,\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathrm}{operators} L,\DeclareSymbolFontAlphabet{\mathcal}{symbols}!6>3.6\Declaringmathsymb`ols"O$@ff'ן1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareMathSymbolT{hsymbolpi"̂}{htype i}{hsym-font-name iC}{hsloti}͡ ff5ff'׎阍>The͉hsymb}'oli+Kbcan͉bGeeitherasinglecharactersuchas`>',oramacroname,such>asUU\sum.>De nesthehsymb}'oli+ntobGeamathsymboloftypehtyp}'e[iCinslothslotظiofsymbol>fontUUhsym-font-name[iL.qTheUUhtyp}'e[i ϲcanUUbGegivenasanumbGerorasacommand:Jd/T;yp}'eR!Me}'aning2iExample|۠0UUor\mathordiOrdinaryB |۠1UUor\mathopdLargeUUopGerator?P|۠2UUor\mathbin BinaryUUopGerationAc|۠3UUor\mathrel-RelationAc|۠4UUor\mathopeneOpGeningCUJh|۠5UUor\mathclose)ClosingCUJi|۠6UUor\mathpunctIPunctuationC;|۠7UUor\mathalpha0ղAlphabGetUUcharacterAAIqǍ>Only^symbGolsoftypGe\mathalphawillbea ectedbymathalphabetcommands:>within_dtheargumentofamathalphabGetcommandtheywillproducethechar->acterfinslothslotظiofthatmathalphabGet'sfont.Symbolsfofothertypeswill>alwaysUUproGducethesamesymbol(withinonemathversion).>\DeclareMathSymbolu'allowsamacrohsymb}'oli.tobGerede nedonlyifitwas>previouslywde nedtobGeamathsymbol.'Italsocheckswthatthehsym-font-name[i>isUUadeclaredsymbGolfont.>Example:L,\DeclareMathSymbol{\alpha}{0}{letters}{"0B} L,\DeclareMathSymbol{\lessdot}{\mathbin}{AMSb}{"0C}L,\DeclareMathSymbol{\alphld}{\mathalpha}{AMSb}{"0C}15ɠy?f$ffDe nes+hcmdi! to+bGeamathdelimiterwherethesmallvqariantisinslothslot-1[i >ofetsymbGolfonthsym-font-name-1[i[andthelargevqariantisinslothslot-2[i)Fof>symbGol)fonthsym-font-name-2[iV仲.BothsymbGolfontsmusthavebGeendeclared>previously*.>ChecksUUthathsym-font-name-iڸiWarebGothdeclaredsymbGolfonts.>IfR.TU>'ExXisnotloGokingforadelimiter,dhcmdi#istreatedjustasifithadbeen >de nedQMwith\DeclareMathSymbolusinghtyp}'e[i9r,hsym-font-name-1[iU andhslot-1[i#7.>Inotherwords,ifacommandisde nedasadelimiterthenthisautomatically>de nesUUitasamathsymbGol.>Example:}L,\DeclareMathDelimiter{\langle}{\mathopen}{symbols}{"68}  {largesymbols}{"0A}o$@ff1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareMathAccentT{hcmdpi`}{htype i}{hsym-font-name iC}{hsloti}͡ ff5ff阍>De nesUUhcmdi!]زtoUUactasamathaccent.>TheSaccentcharactercomesfromslothslotظi uinhsym-font-name[iM.mrThehtyp}'e[i >canbGeeither\mathordor\mathalpha;inthelattercasetheaccentcharacter>changesUUfontwhenusedinamathalphabGet.>Example:L,\DeclareMathAccent{\acute}{\mathalpha}{operators}{"13} L,\DeclareMathAccent{\vec}{\mathord}{letters}{"7E} `$ff˯1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareMathRadicalT{hcmdpi`}{hsym-font-name-16iLh}{hslot-16i]}͡ ffͤLτ ff$1{hsym-font-name-26iLh}T{hslot-26i]}͡ ff5ff˯>De neshcmdifonthsym-font-name-1[iYjandthelargevqariantisinslothslot-2[i(**ofsymbGolfont>hsym-font-name-2[i.qBothUUsymbGolfontsmusthavebGeendeclaredpreviously*.>ExampleUU(probablytheonlyuseforit!):L,\DeclareMathRadical{\sqrt}{symbols}{"70}{largesymbols}{"70}_>3.7\Declaringmathsizeso$@ffº1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareMathSizesT{ht-size in}{hmt-size i$q}{hs-size i}{hss-size i!_}͡ ff5ffº阍>Declaresxthathmt-size[i1>risthe(main)mathtextsize,Ihs-size[i*9?isthe`script'>sizeandhss-size[i-Dqthe`scriptscript'sizetobGeusedinmath,whenht-size[i(ilis16y?>the7currenttextsize.|lF*ortextsizesforwhichnosuchdeclarationisgiventhe >`script' and`scriptscript'sizewillbGecalculatedandthenfontsareloadedfor>the]calculatedsizesorthebGestapproximation(thismayresultinawarning>message).q>Normally*,ht-size[i$Xand_hmt-size[i,@will_bGeidentical;however,if,for_example,Post->Script=@textfontsaremixedwithbit-mapmathfontsthenyoumaynothave>avqailableUUahmt-size[i.,foreveryht-size[i"W.>Example: ˍL,\DeclareMathSizes{13.82}{12.4}{10}{7}&F#>4VLFfontffinstallationXÍ>ThissectionexplainshowL5ffA͉TU>'ExX'sfontattributesareturnedintoTU>'ExXfontspGec->i cations.!2>4.1\Fontde nition les>Thev5descriptionofhowL5ffA͉TU>'ExXfontattributesareturnedintoTU>'ExXfontsisusually>keptFinafontde nition P(.fd) le.lThe.fd leforfamilyhfamily}i* inencoGding>henc}'oding}io²iscalledhENCsi"hfamily}iF .fd,forexampleOT1cmr.fdforComputer>MoGdernUURomanorT1ptm.fdforAdobeTimes.>WheneverlL5ffA͉TU>'ExXencountersanencoGding/familycombinationthatitdoGesnot>know#(e.g.ifthedoGcumentdesignersays\fontfamily{ptm}\selectfont)then>L5ffA͉TU>'ExX&attemptstoloadtheappropriate.fd le.\Notknown"means:ithere>wastno\DeclareFontFamilydeclarationissuedforthisencoGding/familycom->bination.>The;declarationsinthe.fd learerespGonsiblefortellingL5ffA͉TU>'ExXhowtoload>fonts_{forthatencoGding/familycombination.9Ifthe.fd lecouldnotbGefound,>aUUwarningisissuedandfontsubstitutionsaremade.!2>4.2\Fontde nition lecommands>The# .fd lesshouldcontainonlycommandsfromthissection.a Notethatthose>commandscanalsobGeusedoutsidea.fd le:wtheycanbeputinpackqageor>classUU les,oreveninthepreambleofadoGcument.o$@ff>ڟ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\ProvidesFile{h le-name i,D}[hrelease-info'i56]͡ ff5ff>ڎ阍>Thekw.fd leshouldannounceitselfwitha\ProvidesFilecommand,asde->scribGedUUinL雍QATKß'E-X2",:forClassandPackageWriters.qF*orUUexample:17=y?L,\ProvidesFile{T1ptm.fd}[1994/06/01AdobeTimesfontdefinitions]o$@ff1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareFontFamilyT{hencodingUi*x}{hfamilyUi }{hloading-settingsiE}͡ ff5ff􎎎阍>DeclaresUUafontfamilyhfamily}i*)tobGeavqailableinencoGdingschemehenc}'oding}i1N.>Thehlo}'ading-settings!iP뮲areexecutedimmediatelyafterloadinganyfontwiththis >encoGdingUUandfamily*.>ChecksUUthathenc}'oding}i4زwaspreviouslydeclared.>ThisexamplereferstotheComputerMoGdernTypewriterfontfamilyinthe>CorkUUencoGding:L,\DeclareFontFamily{T1}{cmtt}{\hyphenchar\font=-1}>EachL.fd leshouldcontainexactlyone\DeclareFontFamilycommand,Jand>itUUshouldbGefortheappropriateencoding/familycombination."a$ff1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareFontShapeT{hencodingUi*x}{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}͡ ff ͤLτ ff}+1{hloading-info'i6}T{hloading-settingsiE}͡ ff5ff>DeclaresYafontshapGecombination;herehlo}'ading-infoiA_Ųcontainstheinformation>thatcombinessizeswithexternalfonts.NThesyntaxiscomplexandisdescribGed>inUUSection4.3bGelow.>The>hlo}'ading-settings!iR are>executedafterloadinganyfontwiththisfontshapGe.>Theyareexecutedimmediatelyafterthe`loading-settings'whichweredeclared>by\DeclareFontFamilyandsotheycanbGeusedtooverwritethesettingsmade>atUUthefamilylevel.>Checks2thatthecombinationhenc}'oding}i2`hfamily}iZxwaspreviouslydeclaredvia>\DeclareFontFamily.>Example:L,\DeclareFontShape{OT1}{cmr}{m}{sl}{% {l<5-8>sub*cmr/m/n{l<8>cmsl8{l<9>cmsl9{l<10><10.95>cmsl10{l<12><14.4><17.28><20.74><24.88>cmsl12{l}{}>An.fd lecancontainanynumbGerof\DeclareFontShapecommands,#which>shouldUUbGefortheappropriatehenc}'oding}i4زandhfamily}i&;.>TheUUfontfamilydeclarationsfortheOT1-encoGdedfontsnowallcontain:7ow cmss9NewTfeature1996/06/0118٠y?Gs,\hyphenchar\font=`\->This`enablestheuseofanalternative\hyphencharinotherencoGdingswhilst >maintainingUUthecorrectvqalueforallfonts.!6>4.3\Font leloadinginformationuT>The+informationwhichtellsL5ffA͉TU>'ExXexactlywhichfont(.tfm) lestoloadis>contained3uinthehlo}'ading-infoiApartofa\DeclareFontShapedeclaration.f|This>partsconsistsofoneormorehfontshap}'e-decliIs,:eachofwhichhasthefollowing>form:+dMhfontshap}'e-decliΐ::=y>hsize-infos!ixhfont-infoiaVhsize-infos!iΐ::=y>hsize-infos!ixhsize-infoi ijUUhsize-infoieƟhsize-infoiΐ::=y>\<"UUhnumb}'er-or-range[iWcƲ\>"dhfont-infoiΐ::=y>[UUhsize-functionciFiG\*"UU][\["hoptar}'g}i*JC\]"]hfontar}'g}i.>TheҸhnumb}'er-or-range[iXdenotesthesizeorsize-rangeforwhichthisentryap->plies.>Ifvitcontainsahyphenitisarange:` lowerbGoundontheleft(ifmissing,>zero>implied),uppGerHboundontheright(ifmissing,1implied).L$F*orranges,the>uppGerUUboundisnotH-includedintherangeandthelowerbGoundis.>Examples:1qǍdb'<10>'simpleUUsize(10ptUUonlyb'<-8>'range(allUUsizeslessthan8ptb'<8-14.4>'range(allUUsizesgreaterthanorequalto8ptC}butUUlessthan14.4ptb'<14.4->'range(allUUsizesgreaterthanorequal14.4pt2>Ifǥmorethanonehsize-infoi4Aentryfollowswithoutanyinterveninghfont-infoi1],>theyUUallsharethenexthfont-infoi1O .>Thehsize-functionciC%,Oifpresent,handlestheuseofhfont-infoi2@.aIfnotpresent,>theUU`empty'hsize-functionciFiGisassumed.>Allp/thehsize-infoi0"˲sareinspGectedintheorderinwhichtheyappearinthefont>shapGeđdeclaration.AIfahsize-infoi2;matchestherequestedsize,itshsize-functionci>isDexecuted.XIf\external@fontisnon-emptyafterwardsthisproGcessstops,>otherwiseUUthenexthsize-infoi3]FisinspGected.q(Seealso\DeclareSizeFunction.)>IfthisproGcessdoesnotleadtoanon-empty\external@font,L5ffA͉TU>'ExXtriesthe>nearestUUsimplesize.qIftheentrycontainsonlyrangesanerrorisreturned.19嘠y?>4.4\SizefunctionsuT>L5ffA͉TU>'ExXlprovidesthefollowingsizefunctions,whose`inputs'arehfontar}'g}i0 #and >hoptar}'g}id(whenUUpresent).>`'T(empt9y)uLoad.theexternalfonthfontar}'g}i1attheuser-requestedsize. lIfWhoptar}'g}i}isUUpresent,itisusedasthescale-factor.>sGgenTh޲Generatesktheexternalfontfromhfontar}'g}i. 3followedbytheuser-requested Wsize,UUe.g.<8>?<9><10>gen*cmtt>sgenXLikeUUthe`gen'functionbutwithoutterminalwarnings,onlyloggings.>gen9bZzGenerates5theexternalfontfromhfontar}'g}i,followedbytheuser-requestedNewTfeature 1995/12/01Wsize,;Fusing Itheconventions Iofthe`ec'fonts.e.g.<10.98>?genb*dcttWproGducesUUdctt1098.>sgen9b_LikeUUthe`genb'functionbutwithoutterminalwarnings,onlyloggings.NewTfeature 1995/12/01>subTPTT*riesqtoloadafontfromadi erentfontshapGedeclarationgivenbyWhfontar}'g}iزinUUtheformhfamily}i&;/hseries!i!Br/hshap}'e[i G.>ssubXِSilentUUvqariantof`sub',onlyloggings.>subfWLiketheemptyfunctionbutissuesawarningthatithastosubstitutetheWexternalfonthfontar}'g}i/1bGecausethedesiredfontshapGewasnotavqailableWinUUtherequestedsize.>ssubf\]SilentUUvqariantof`subf',onlyloggings.> xed[1Loadfonthfontar}'g}i,ߑasis,~disregardingtheuser-requestedsize.GXIfpresent,Whoptar}'g}i}givesUUthe\at...pt"UUsizetobGeused.>s xed_mSilentUUvqariantof` xed',onlyloggings.>ExamplesfortheuseofmostoftheabGovesizefunctionscanbefoundinthe le>cmfonts.fdd|the+vsourceforthestandard.fd lesdescribingtheComputer>MoGdernUUfontsbyDonaldKnuth.o$@ff \1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareSizeFunctionT{hname i}{hcode i}͡ ff5ff \阍>Declaresasize-functionhname[i%forusein\DeclareFontShapecommands.FThe>interfaceJisstillunderdevelopmentbutthereshouldbGenorealneedtoade ne>newUUsizefunctions.>Theqzhc}'ode[i%ɲisqzexecutedwhenthesizeorsize-rangein\DeclareFontShape>matchesUUtheuser-requestedsize.20Py?>TheVargumentsofthesize-functionareautomaticallyparsedandplacedinto >\mandatory@argTand\optional@argforuseinhc}'ode[iA.Alsoavqailable,ofcourse,>isUU\f@size,whichistheuser-requestedsize.>T*oXsignalsuccesshc}'ode[i!mustde nethecommand\external@fonttocontain>the>externalnameandanyscalingoptions(ifpresent)forthefonttobGeloaded.>ThisUUexamplesetsupthe`empty'sizefunction(simpli ed):L,\DeclareSizeFunction{} qr{\edef\external@font{\mandatory@arg\spaceat\f@size}'č>5VLEncos3dings>This+sectionexplainshowtodeclareandusenewfontencoGdingsandhowto>declareUUcommandsforusewithparticularencoGdings.!6>5.1\The;kAH cmssbx10fontencpack@ageuT>UserscanselectnewfontencoGdingsusingthefontencpackqage.;Thefontenc>packqagehasoptionsforencoGdings;ϋthelastoptionbecomesthedefaultencoding.>F*oro=example,utousetheOT2(WashingtonUniversityo=CyrillicencoGding)andT1>encoGdings,UUwithT1asthedefault,anauthortypes:L,\usepackage[OT2,T1]{fontenc}>Thispackqageloadstheenc}'odingvde nition lesh3(hENCsiGenc.def les)foreach>fontencoGdinghENCsi& Mgivenasanoptionbutnotalreadydeclared;italsosets>\encodingdefaultUUtobGethelastencodingintheoptionlist.>L5ffA͉TU>'ExXCcurrentlyprede nestheOT1andT1textencoGdings,zandprovidesthe les>OT1enc.defbaandT1enc.def.OtherencoGdingset-upsmightbeaddedtothe>distributionUUatalaterstage.>Thus theexampleabGoveloadsthe leOT2enc.defandsets\encodingdefault>toUUT1.>Note:IfyouwishtouseT1-encoGdedfontsotherthanthe`cmr'familythenyou>may]needtoloadthepackqage(e.g.times)thatselectsthefontsb}'eforeMloading>fontenc1(thisprevents1thesystemfromattemptingtoloadanyT1-encoGded>fontsUUfromthe`cmr'family).218y?>5.2\Enco`dingde nition lesuT>W arning:*cSomeaspGectsofthecontentsoffontde nition lesarestillun- >derdevelopment.3Therefore,thecurrentversionsofthe lesOT1enc.defand>T1enc.def8aretempGoraryversionsandshouldnotbeusedasmodelsforpro->ducing-furthersuch les.BF*orfurtherinformationyoushouldreadthedoGcumen->tationUUinltoutenc.dtx.>ThedeclarationsintheencoGdingde nition leareresponsiblefordeclaringthe>encoGdingUUandtellingL5ffA͉TU>'ExXhowtoproducecharactersinthisencoding.>TheθhENCsi"8enc.defβ lesshouldcontainonlycommandsfromthissection.K3As>with1thefontde nition lecommands,iitisalsopGossible(althoughnormally>notUUnecessary)tousethesedeclarationsdirectlywithinaclassorpackqage le.o$@ff>ڟ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\ProvidesFile{h le-name i,D}[hrelease-info'i56]͡ ff5ff>ڎ阍>ThehENCsi#nJenc.def leshouldannounceitselfwitha\ProvidesFilecom->mand,UUdescribGedinL雍QATKß'E-X2",:forClassandPackageWriters.qF*orUUexample:L,\ProvidesFile{OT2enc.def} `[1994/06/01WashingtonUniversityCyrillicencoding]$@ff03c1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareFontEncodingT{hencodingUi*x}{htext-settingsi8}{hmath-settingsi=a}͡ ff5ff03c阍>DeclaresUUanewencoGdingschemehenc}'oding}i1N.>The'htext-settings!iB/are'declarationswhichareexecutedeverytime\selectfont>changesUUtheencoGdingtobehenc}'oding}i1N.>The5hmath-settings!iIare5similarbutareformathalphabGets.gTheyareexecuted>wheneverUUamathalphabGetwiththisencodingiscalled.>SpaceswithintheargumentsareignoredtoavoidsurplusspacesinthedoGcu->ment.qIfUUarealspaceisnecessaryuse\space.>Example:L,\DeclareFontEncoding{OT1}{}{}>Someyauthorcommandsneedtochangetheirde nitiondepGendingonwhich>encoGdingiscurrentlyinuse.oF*orexample,[intheOT1encoding,[theletter`'>isinslot"1D,whereasintheT1encoGdingitisinslot"C6.ʪSothede nition>of \AEhastochangedepGendingonwhetherthecurrentencoGdingisOT1orT1.>TheUUfollowingcommandsallowthistohappGen.22y?$@ffR v1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextCommandT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}[hnum9ib][hdefaulti"M]{hde nition9i-}͡ ff5ffR v阍>ThisEcommandislike\newcommand,HQexceptthatitde nesacommandwhichis >spGeci cbtooneencoding.F*orexample,ethede nitionof\kintheT1encoding>is:nGGs,\DeclareTextCommand{\k}{T1}[1] U{\oalign{\null#1\crcr\hidewidth\char12}}nG>\DeclareTextCommandsUUtakesthesameoptionalargumentsas\newcommand.9>TheUUresultingcommandisrobust,evenifthecoGdeinhde nitionci8[isfragile.>ItEdoGesnotproduceanerrorifthecommandhasalreadybeende nedbutlogs >theUUrede nitioninthetranscript le.o$@ffR v1ͤLτ ffΟ1\ProvideTextCommandT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}[hnum9ib][hdefaulti"M]{hde nition9i-}͡ ff5ffR vNewTfeature1994/12/01阍>ThisMcommandisthesameas\DeclareTextCommand,! exceptthatifhcmdi"Ȳis>alreadyUUde nedinencoGdinghenc}'oding}i1N,thenthede nitionisignored.o$@ff߽T1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextSymbolT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}{hsloti}͡ ff5ff߽T>This1commandde nesatextsymbGolwithslothslotظi!;intheencoding. 3ZF*or>example,UUthede nitionof\ssintheOT1encoGdingis:nGL,\DeclareTextSymbol{\ss}{OT1}{25}nG>ItEdoGesnotproduceanerrorifthecommandhasalreadybeende nedbutlogs>theUUrede nitioninthetranscript le.o$@ff߽T1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextAccentT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}{hsloti}͡ ff5ff߽T>ThisRcommanddeclaresatextaccent,S withtheaccenttakenfromslothslotظirin>theUUencoGding.qF*orexample,thede nitionof\"intheOT1encodingis:nGL,\DeclareTextAccent{\"}{OT1}{127}nG>ItEdoGesnotproduceanerrorifthecommandhasalreadybeende nedbutlogs>theUUrede nitioninthetranscript le.o$@ff1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextCompositeT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}{hletteri*}{hsloti}͡ ff5ff>ThisxcommanddeclaresthatthecompGositeletterformedfromapplyinghcmdi>to6hletteri$is6de nedtobGesimplyslothslotظi"Eintheencoding.8Thehletteri$should>bGeUUasingleletter(suchasa)orasinglecommand(suchas\i).23Yy?>F*or]example,thede nitionof\'{a}intheT1encoGdingcouldbedeclaredlike >this:L,\DeclareTextComposite{\'}{T1}{a}{225}>Theޫhcmdi pwillޫnormallyhaveޫbGeenpreviouslydeclaredforthisencoding,geither>withfusing\DeclareTextAccent,0orasaone-argument\DeclareTextCommand.o$@ffP1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextCompositeCommandT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}{hletteri*}{hde nition9i-}͡ ff5ffPNewTfeature 1994/12/01阍>Thisisamoregeneralformof\DeclareTextComposite,Kwhichallowsforan>arbitraryChde nitionci4s,znotCjustahslotظi.AThemainuseforthisistoallowaccents>onUUitoactlikeaccentson\i,forexample:L,\DeclareTextCompositeCommand{\'}{OT1}{i}{\'\i}>ItUUhasthesamerestrictionsas\DeclareTextComposite.!6>5.3\Defaultde nitionsuT>ThecommandsinhENCsi!+enc.def lesallowencoGding-speci ccommandstobGeNewTdescription 1994/12/01>de ned,buttheydonotallowcommandstobGeusedinotherencodings.;0F*or>example,GtheCOMSCencoGdingcontainsthesymbGol`x',GbutweneedtobGeableto>useUUthecommand\SinanyencoGding,notjustOMS.>T*oUallowthis,"L5ffA͉TU>'ExXhascommandsforgivingdefaultde nitionsforcommands,>whichpXareusedwhenthecommandisnotde nedinthecurrentencoGding.F*or>example,;thesdefaultencoGdingfor\SisOMS,andsoinanencoding(such>as:OT1)whichdoGesnotcontain\S,theOMS:qversionisselected.!Butinan>encoGding(suchasT1)whichdoGescontain\S,theversionforthatencoGdingis>used.>Note:_These"$commandsshouldnotoGccurinhENCsi"kenc.def les,UXsincethese>shouldlonlyde necommandsforthatencoGding.VzTheyshouldinsteadbeplaced>inUUpackqages.o$@ff{H1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextCommandDefaultT{hcmdpi`}{hde nition9i-}͡ ff5ff{HNewTfeature 1994/12/01阍>This{commandallowsanencoGding-speci c{commandtobGegivenadefaultde-> nition.5F*orexample, thedefaultde nitionfor\copyrightisde nedbGebea>circledUU`c'with:L,\DeclareTextCommandDefault{\copyright}{\textcircled{c}}24y?f$ffN 1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextAccentDefaultT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}͡ ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareTextSymbolDefaultT{hcmdpi`}{hencodingUi*x}͡ ff5ffN NewTfeature 1994/12/01ō>ThesecommandsallowanencoGding-speci ccommandtobGegivenadefault >encoGding.YF*orexample,thedefaultencodingfor\"and\aeissettobeOT1>by:L,\DeclareTextAccentDefault{\"}{OT1} L,\DeclareTextSymbolDefault{\ae}{OT1}>Note~?that\DeclareTextAccentDefaultcanbGeusedonanyone-argument>encoGding-speci c(command,]notjustthosede nedwith\DeclareTextAccent.>Similarly*,2\DeclareTextSymbolDefaultcanbGeusedonanyencoding-speci c>command!withnoarguments,_notjustthosede nedwith\DeclareTextSymbol.>F*orUUmoreexamplesofthesede nitions,seeltoutenc.dtx.o$@ff{H1ͤLτ ffΟ1\ProvideTextCommandDefaultT{hcmdpi`}{hde nition9i-}͡ ff5ff{HNewTfeature1994/12/01阍>Thiscommandisthesameas\DeclareTextCommandDefault,exceptthatifthe>commandialreadyhasadefaultde nition,thenthede nitionisignored.@Thisis>usefulntogive`faked'de nitionsofsymbGolswhichmaybGegiven`real'de nitions>byotherpackqages. kF*orexample,h(apackqagemightgiveafakede nitionof>\textonequarterUUbysaying:L,\ProvideTextCommandDefault{\textonequarter}{$\m@th\frac14$}!6>5.4\Enco`dingdefaultso$@ffz1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareFontEncodingDefaultsT{htext-settingsi8}{hmath-settingsi=a}͡ ff5ffz>Declaresnhtext-settings!iB~andnhmath-settings!iHTٲfornallencoGdingschemes.IzTheseare>executedbGeforetheencodingschemedependentonesareexecutedsothatone>canusethedefaultsforthema8jorcasesandoverwritethemifnecessaryusing>\DeclareFontEncoding.>If \relaxisusedasanargument,thecurrentsettingofthisdefaultisleft>unchanged.>Thisexampleisusedbyamsfonts.styforaccentpGositioning;itchangesonlythe>mathUUsettings:L,\DeclareFontEncodingDefaults{\relax}{\def\accentclass@{7}}25)y?$@ff71ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareFontSubstitutionT{hencodingUi*x}{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}͡ ff5ff7阍>Declares CthedefaultvqaluesforfontsubstitutionwhichwillbGeusedwhenafont >withvencoGdinghenc}'oding}i5Vshouldbeloadedbutnofontcanbefoundwiththe>currentUUattributes.>TheseLsubstitutionsareloGcaltotheencodingschemebecausetheencoding>schemeisneversubstituted!~ETheyaretriedintheorderhshap}'e[i'gthenhseries!i>andUU nallyhfamily}i&;.>IfJnodefaultsaresetupforanencoGding,thevqaluesgivenby\DeclareErrorFont>areUUused.>ThefontspGeci cationforhenc}'oding}i0hfamily}iTchseries!iu[hshap}'e[iwmusthavebGeende-> nedUUby\DeclareFontShapebGeforethe\begin{document}isreached.>Example:L,\DeclareFontSubstitution{T1}{cmr}{m}{n}!6>5.5\Casechanging( $ffqah1ͤLτ ffΟ1\MakeUppercaseT{htexti}͡ ff ͤLτ ffΟ1\MakeLowercaseT{htexti}͡ ff5ffqahō>TU>'ExX,providesthetwoprimitives\uppercaseand\lowercaseforchangingtheNewTfeature 1995/06/01>caseloftext.!Unfortunately*,theseTU>'ExXprimitivesdonotchangethecaseof>charactersGaccessedbycommandslike\aeor\aa.T*oovercomethisproblem,>L5ffA͉TU>'ExXUUprovidesthesetwocommands.>Inthelongrun,ҳwewouldliketouseall-capsfontsratherthananycommand>like%\MakeUppercasebutthisisnotpGossibleatthemomentbGecausesuchfonts>doUUnotexist.>F*orUUfurtherdetails,seeclsguide.tex.>InZorderthatuppGer/lower-casingZwillworkreasonablywell,andinordertoNewTdescription 1995/12/01>provideRanycorrecthyphenation,QL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"-0Mmust*use,QthroughoutadoGcument,>the|osame xedtableforchangingcase.Thetableusedisdesignedforthefont>encoGdingT1;JthisworkswellwiththestandardTU>'ExXfontsforallLatinalphabGets>butUUwillcauseproblemswhenusingotheralphabGets.'č>6VLMiscellanea>ThissectioncoverstheremainingfontcommandsinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXandsomeother>issues.264y?>6.1\Fontsubstitutiono$@ff9ߟ1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclareErrorFontT{hencodingUi*x}{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}{hsize ii}͡ ff5ff9ߎ阍>Declareshenc}'oding}i2Khfamily}iU1hseries!ivգhshap}'e[itobGethefontshapeusedincases >whereݞthestandardsubstitutionmechanismfails(i.e.wouldloGop). F*orthe>standardUUmechanismseethecommand\DeclareFontSubstitutionabGove.z>ThefontspGeci cationforhenc}'oding}i0hfamily}iTchseries!iu[hshap}'e[iwmusthavebGeende-> nedUUby\DeclareFontShapebGeforethe\begin{document}isreached.>Example:KL,\DeclareErrorFont{OT1}{cmr}{m}{n}{10}o$@ffD 1ͤLτ ffΟ1\fontsubfuzz͡ ff5ffD 阍>ThisparameterisusedtodecidewhetherornottoproGduceaterminalwarning>ifafontsizesubstitutiontakesplace.(Ifthedi erencebGetweentherequested>andthechosensizeislessthan\fontsubfuzzthewarningisonlywrittento>theTtranscript le.aThedefaultvqalueis0.4pt.ThiscanbGerede nedwith>\renewcommand,UUforexample:L,\renewcommand{\fontsubfuzz}{0pt},%alwayswarn!>6.2\Preloadingo$@ffVL1ͤLτ ffΟ1\DeclarePreloadSizesT{hencodingUi*x}{hfamilyUi }{hseriesiH}{hshape i}{hsize-listi&}͡ ff5ffVL阍>SpGeci escthefontsthatshouldbepreloadedbytheformat.9Thesecommands>shouldעbGeputinapreload.cfg le,5whichisreadinwhentheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXformat>is^WbGeingbuilt.Readpreload.dtxformoreinformationonhowtobuiltsucha>con gurationUU le.z>Example:L,\DeclarePreloadSizes{OT1}{cmr}{m}{sl}{10,10.95,12}!>6.3\AccentedcharactersA΍>AccentedcharactersinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXcanbGeproducedusingcommandssuchas\"aetc.NewTdescription 1996/06/01>TheZprecisee ectofsuchcommandsdepGendsonthefontencoGdingbeingused.>WhenGusingafontencoGdingthatcontainstheaccentedcharactersasindividual>glyphs(suchastheT1encoGding,0inthecaseof\"a)wordsthatcontainsuch>accentedmcharacterscanbGeautomaticallyhyphenated.nF*orfontencoGdingsthat27@y?>donotcontaintherequestedindividualglyph(suchastheOT1encoGding)sucha >commandSinvokestypGesettinginstructionsthatproducetheaccentedcharacter>as+acombinationofcharacterglyphsanddiacriticalmarksinthefont.cInmost>casesVthisinvolvesVacalltotheTU>'ExXprimitive\accent.uGlyphsconstructed>as compGositesinthisway inhibithyphenationofthecurrentword;dthisisone>reasonwhytheT1encoGdingispreferabletotheoriginalTU>'ExXfontencoGdingOT1.>ItisimpGortanttounderstandthatcommandslike\"ainL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"*representjust>a5nameforasingleglyph(inthiscase`umlauta')andcontainnoinformation>abGouthowtotypGesetthatglyph|thusitdoGesnotҲmean`puttwodotsontopof>thecharactera'.NThedecisionastowhattypGesettingroutinetousewilldepend>onptheencoGdingofthecurrentfontandsothisdecisionistakenatthelast>minute.qIndeed,TitTispGossiblethatthesameinputwillbetypesetinmorethan>oneeZwayinthesamedoGcument;m]forexample,i\textinsectionheadingsmayalso>appGear~intableofcontents~andinrunningheads;Aandeachofthesemayusea>fontUUwithadi erentencoGding.>F*orUUthisreasonthenotation\"aisnotH-equivqalentto:Gs,\newcommand\chara{a}\"\chara>InPthelattercase,L5ffA͉TU>'ExXdoGesnotexpandthemacro\charabutsimplycompares>thenotation(thestring\"\chara)toitslistofknowncompGositenotationsin>the3dcurrentencoGding;>whenitfailsto nd\"\charaitdoesthebestitcanand>invokesthetypGesettinginstructionsthatputtheumlautaccentontopofthe>expansion{Mof\chara.)Thus,even{Mifthefontactuallycontains`a'asanindividual>glyph,UUitwillnotbGeused.>Thelow-levelaccentcommandsinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXarede nedinsuchawaythatitis>pGossibletocombineadiacriticalmarkfromonefontwithaglyphfromanother>font;forzexample,\"\textparagraphwillproGduce;$\q{.P)Theumlauthereistaken>fromrStheOT1encoGdedfontcmr10whilsttheparagraphsignisfromtheOMS>encoGdedfontcmsy10.l(ThisexamplemaybGetypGographicallysillybutbetter>oneswouldinvolvefontencoGdingslikeOT2(Cyrillic)thatmightnotbGeavqailable>atUUeverysite.)>There65are,withintheargumenttosuchanaccentcommand.nTheseareTU>'ExXnicalinthe>sense0thattheyfollowfromthewaythatTU>'ExX's\accentprimitiveworks,Pgal->lowingonlyaspGecialclassofcommandsbetweentheaccentandtheaccented>character.>Thefollowingareexamplesofcommandsthatwillnotworkcorrectlyas>the-accentwillappGearabove-aspace:"thefontcommandswithtextargu->mentsT(\textbf{...}andfriends);and:\Large,0retc.);¬\usefontanddeclarationsthatdepGendonit,suchas>\normalfont;UUbGoxcommands(e.g.\mbox{...}).28Ly?>Theolower-levelfontdeclarationsthatsettheattributesfamily*,seriesandshapGe >(suchas\fontshape{sl}\selectfont)willproGducecorrecttypGesetting,Ͳaswill>theUUdefaultdeclarationssuchas\bfseries. ͍>6.4\NamingconventionsMWMathalphabGetcommandsallstartwith\math...:examplesare\mathbf,W\mathcal,UUetc.fMWTheN7textfontchangingcommandswithargumentsallstartwith\text...:We.g.\textbfand\textrm.X'ExX3pro8jectreservestheuseofencodingsstartingwithWT(standard256-longtextencoGdings),M(standard256-longmathencoGd-Wings),SS(standard256-longsymbGolencodings),SOT(standard128-longtextWencoGdings)andOMС(standard128-longmathencodings).EPleasedonotuseWtheabGovestartinglettersfornon-pGortableencodings.IfnewstandardWencoGdingUUemergethenweshalladdtheminalaterreleaseofL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.OWEncoGdingUUschemeswhichareloGcaltoasiteshouldstartwithL.MWF*ontXfamilynamesshouldcontainupto velowercaseletters.{WhereWpGossible,ֶtheseshouldconformtotheFilenamesforfonts[IJfontnamingWscheme.MWF*ontUUseriesnamesshouldcontainuptofourlowercaseletters.MWF*ontUUshapGesshouldcontainuptotwoletterslowercase.MWNamesforsymbGolfontsarebuiltfromloweranduppGercaseletterswithWnoUUrestriction.-卑>WhenevermpGossible,youshouldusetheseriesandshapGenamessuggestedin>TheHL雍QATKß'E-XComp}'anionsinceB-thiswillmakeiteasiertocombinenewfontswith>existingUUfonts.f>Where)pGossible,textsymbolsshouldbenamedas\textfollowed)bytheAdobGeNewTdescription 1994/12/01>glyph{name:Zforexample\textonequarteror\textsterling.6Similarly*,math>symbGols-shouldbenamedas\mathfollowed-bytheglyphname,Pcforexample>\mathonequarter!or\mathsterling.`CommandswhichcanbGeusedintextor>mathUUcanthenbGede nedusing\ifmmode,forexample:-卑L,\DeclareRobustCommand{\pounds}{% ZY\ifmmode\mathsterling\else\textsterling\fiL,}>Notethatcommandsde nedinthiswaymustbGerobust,incasetheygetput >intoUUasectiontitleorothermovingargument.29[Ny?>7VLIfffyouneedtoknowmore.3..>The#tracefntpackqageprovidesfortracingtheactionsconcernedwithloading,NewTdescription 1996/06/01 >substitutingUUandusingfonts.qThepackqageacceptsthefollowingoptions:>errorsho9wtڲW*riteallinformationabGoutfontchanges,etc.butonlytothetran-Wscript& leunlessanerroroGccurs.b-ThismeansthatinformationaboutfontWsubstitutionUUwillnotbGeshownontheterminal.>w9arningshow Showallfontwarningsontheterminal.@Thissettingcorre-WspGonds2tothedefaultbehaviourwhenthistracefntpackqageisnot%Ѳused!>infosho9wnShow ~allfontwarningsandallfontinfomessages(thatarenormallyWonlywrittentothetranscript le)alsoontheterminal.9ThisisthedefaultWwhenUUthistracefntpackqageisloaded.>debugsho9wy+Inadditiontowhatisshownbyinfoshow,showalsochangesofWmathݤfonts(asfaraspGossible):dbeware,thisݤoptioncanproGducealargeWamountUUofoutput.>loadinggAShow thenamesofexternalfont leswhentheyareloaded.ThisWoption7showsonly`newlyloaded'fonts,=notthosealreadypreloadedintheWformatUUortheclass lebGeforethistracefntpackqagebecomesactive.>pausingi'ExXwillstop.>W*arning:the\actionsofthispackqagecanchangethelayoutofadoGcumentand>even,inCrarecases,proGduceclearlywrongoutput,soitshouldnotbGeusedin>theUU nalformattingof`realdoGcuments'.'č>References>[1]M;MichelRGoGossens,6F*rankMittelbachandAlexanderSamarin.5TheL雍QATKß'E-XM;Comp}'anion.nAddison-W*esley,UUReading,Massachusetts,UU1994.>[2]M;DonaldE.Knuth.#TypGesettingconcretemathematics.TUGb}'oat,510(1):31{M;36,UUApril1989.>[3]M;LeslieeLampGort.L雍QATKß'E-X:ADo}'cumentPreparationSystem.Addison-W*esley,M;Reading,UUMassachusetts,secondedition,1994.30g;y ;kAH cmssbx107ow cmss9.j cmti9- cmsy9+ߤN cmtt9*o cmr9)t}\cmti7#DF cmmib10!2@cmbx8 N cmbx12': cmti10 cmmi10K`y cmr10ٓRcmr7u cmex10rF