; TeX output 1994.02.01:2241y?DtGGcmr17Generic7tLoscalGuideforLdKGXQ cmr12AT[-E;gX7tonffB#\q\qffplatformAV;\qffffffB#o cmr9forTL5Aacmr6A TuAEX(asofDecem9bAer21,1993)<(ffmHffaddyrournameherel|,ffffffmHhJoacrhimSchroSdChristineDetigFVebruary1,1994+č0"Nff cmbx12Contents0#"V cmbx101?In9troQduction302?Let'sTStart)]5 VK`y cmr102.1vRunningUUaSampleFile b> cmmi10:::::::::::::::::::::::c5V2.2vCreatingUUOwnDoGcumentsԏ:::::::::::::::::::::c5 I􍍑V2.3vWhat'sUUSpGecialwithL5ffٓRcmr7A͉TU>'ExXon9ff,S㎍ff9platform+$ffffff,S/E? ::::::::::::c6V2.4vHelpfulUU$:::::::::::::::b10v3.1.6TheUUslidesDoGcumentClassMC:::::::::::::::b10V3.2vPackqages㍑:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::b10v3.2.1TheUUdoGcPackqageT:::::::::::::::::::::b10v3.2.2TheUUeufrakPackqage썑:::::::::::::::::::b11v3.2.3TheUUeuscriptPackqage>::::::::::::::::::b11v3.2.4TheUUexscalePackqage):::::::::::::::::::b11v3.2.5TheUUifthenPackqageۢ::::::::::::::::::::b12v3.2.6TheUUlatexsymPackqage::::::::::::::::::b12v3.2.7TheUUnewlfontPackqaget::::::::::::::::::b12v3.2.8TheUUoldgermPackqage⭍::::::::::::::::::b12v3.2.9TheUUoldlfontPackqage:::::::::::::::::::b13v3.2.10TheUUpandoraPackqage::::::::::::::::::b13`1*y?v૲3.2.11TheUUtracefntPackqage捑::::::::::::::::::b14 v3.2.12TheUUvariorefPackqage0썑:::::::::::::::::::b1404?CarryingTOnR14Vੲ4.1vWhereUUtheFilesArex:::::::::::::::::::::::::b14V4.2vF*ontsMύ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::b15V4.3vErrorsUUintheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXbGook9:::::::::::::::::::::b1705?Bugs?pNo,TF eatures!HV1706?Utilities118Vੲ6.1vB&- cmcsc10iDb32TU>'ExX}:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::b18V6.2v'': cmti10MakeIndexVX:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::b2007?GettingTHelp8219?|{Ycmr8ThisjrLoff̟TǍTff㍑This`doGcumentisstillnotready;fbithasknownproblems.These problemsareexplainedinnotesthroughoutthistext.T*obGeabletoseethemveryquickly*,)theyareframedwithadangerousbGendBinthemargin(likethisexplanationitself).:Ifyouknowthe .answertoanyquestionpGosedinaproblemnote,9orifyouhave suggestionshowtoavoidtheproblem,7$pleasecontacttheauthor.Tffffff̎*= manfntd捍[>9ff̟b㎍bff9This}doGcument,theGenericLocalGuide,hasstillplaceswhere informationAhabGoutyourlocalinstallationismissing.6Alltheseplacesaremarkedwithahintwhattodo."ThishintistypGesetinabGox,(likethistextyou'rereading.P_IntheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXsourceyou'll ndUUtheplacestochangeifyouloGokforthetodoenvironment.Sometimesthese\toGdohints"arecategorized, tohelpyouinyour8decisionifyouwanttoattackthemrightnow.qThiscate-gorizationUUisshowninthemarginthen.bffffff̎B[>ꪉff̟**ff꫍qdeclareUU\platform*ffffff̎tō[>sff̟  ffs:declareUU\ifInstalledBabel ffffff̎[>sff̟  ffs:declareUU\ifInstalledMakeIndex ffffff̎ 01I-oIntros3duction0लL5ffA͉TU>'ExXrunsonavqarietyofcomputersatmanydi erentsites.P_ThisdoGcumenttellsyou I0howv.touseL5ffA͉TU>'ExXon9ff,S㎍ff9platform+$ffffff,S3@LanddescribGesthelocalinstallation.QW*eassumethat I0you`arefamiliarwiththeactivqationofyourTU>'ExXsystem.1L5ffA͉TU>'EXitselfisdescribGedin 0the\manual|L雍Q)t}\cmti7ATKß'E-X:pATDo}'cumentPreparationSystem_(2nd\edition).CAnotheruseful0bGookS isTheL雍QATKß'E-XComp}'aniono(bGothS publishedbyAddisonW*esley).qAS fullreference0oftheseandalistofotherrelatedpublicationsisgiveninthebibliographyonpage21.V[>ff̟Ǎff㍑Hintsitoothersystem-spGeci cmanuals,oespGeciallytotheinstal-lationUUmanual.ffffff̎!60*N cmbx12WhatYouGetuT0लTheJL5ffA͉TU>'ExXyoureceivewiththisdeliveryistheL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2",>standardrelease.XWhenwe0spGeakUUofL5ffA͉TU>'ExXinthefollowing,wemeanL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"(.qUptoY9[>ff̟㍄ff󏍍UDateUUuntilL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2.09wasdeliveredffffff̎ऺ#㍑0लL5ffA͉TU>'ExX version2.09wasdistributed.L5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"0%isfullyupwardcompatibletotheold0version.j"F*eatures>eonlyfoundinL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"+tareahigh-levelconceptofclassesandpack-0agesRtostructureyourdoGcument,SandanintegrationoftheNewF*ontSelectionScheme0(NFSS).?Y*ouUUcanproGcessdocumentsinthelanguages`3"y?X-[>9ff̟㎍ff9ListUUalllanguagesforwhichhyphenationpatternsareinstalled.ffffff̎@0F*ortextsinotherlanguages,1thisL5ffA͉TU>'ExXinstallationdoGesn'tknowhowtohyphenate 0them.a[>ff̟㍄ff󏍍UHowUUdoGesbabelintegrateinL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"(?ffffff̎ऺ[>ff̟Ǎff㍑IfapackqageabstractforbabGelexists,hereisagoodplaceforacrossref.ffffff̎ऺq?लIfyouthinkthatyouhavediscoveredanerrorinL5ffA͉TU>'ExX,i.e.,ifL5ffATU>'ExXhasanother0wayofactingthanitisdescribGedinthedocumentation,IinformyourloGcalL5ffA͉TU>'ExXguru0or"yourdistributor.`HeshouldbGeawareofanypGossibleL5ffA͉TU>'ExXbugsorundocumented0anomalies.qIfUUyouareonyourown,havealoGokatsection7. @[>9ff̟&㎍&ff9Where ^doI /introGduceCT*AN?IneeditinthemoGdulesection,heremightbGeagoodplaceforareference;0therealintroductionmightUUbGedoneinthehelpsection.&ffffff̎ऺ0लInUUanycase,remembGer: Ifallelsefails,r}'eadthedo}'cumentation!0HowThingsareOrganized)򍍍[>ff̟$Ǎ$ff㍑If5theopGeratingsystemdoesnotsupport lehierarchiesthecom-pletenfollowingparagraphmustbGedeletedandall lenamesmustbGeUUchecked.$ffffff̎!q?Thise>descriptionassumesthatyourL5ffA͉TU>'ExX leswillnotallresideinonedirectory*,0butUUwillbGegroupedinspeci cdirectoriesaccordingtotheirfunction.&@[>9ff̟2㎍2ff9DescribGeinwhichmaindirectorythespeci cdirectoriesreside(orUUiftheyareatdi erentplaces).FillOinsitespGeci clocations,Mi.e.,lookOforall\dirtagsinthis leUUandadaptthem.2ffffff̎'U0userTrelev\ran9t les摲Alll leswhichareneededfortheday-to-dayusagearefoundinIinputs.{Z0classTandpac9k\ragesourcesڿSomeclassesandpackqagesaredoGcumentedwiththeIdoc\system.NItJallowstoextractfromonesource le(dtx)theclass(cls),Lpack-Iage*(sty),=orclassoption(clo) lesandalso|togetherwithacorrespGondingIdocstripxbatch. le(ins)|tocreateadocdriver le(drv).UThisisaL5ffA͉TU>'ExXIsourcethatcreatesadoGcumented,Cformattedversionofthesource.\Thisinfor-Imationisofinterestforyousincethesourcesmaycontainausermanual.ItIissalsoimpGortantifyouwanttoprogramyourownclassesorpackqages,hereIyou~ ndthedoGcumentationofinternalinterfacesneededtoadaptL5ffA͉TU>'ExXtoyourIneeds.`43#y?hz>ff̟ Ǎ ff㍑ProvideUUrecommendationtoinstallthemsomewhere! 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ISometimes,konlyaDVI lewillbGeavqailable. bTheyresideinadirectoryIlatex/doc. Herelyouwillalso ndthe lefeatures.texwhichdescribGestheIdi erencesUUbGetweenL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2.09andL5ffATU>'ExX2"(.!č02I-oLet'sffStart02.1ORunningaSampleFileuT0लBeforepreparingyourowndoGcuments, youmaywanttogetacquaintedwithL5ffA͉TU>'ExXby0runningitonasampleinput le.ZGT*oproGcessthesample le rstmakeyourowncopy0of*the leexample.texthatresidesinthedirectoryN:latex/doc.cThiscopyshouldbGe0nowinyourcurrentdirectory;6youcanedititjustlikeanyother le.YIfyoudestroy0orUUmessupyourcopy*,getyourselfafreshone.?Next,UUrunL5ffA͉TU>'ExXonthe leexample.tex.[>ff̟㍄ff󏍍UDescribGeUUhowtocallL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.ffffff̎d0WhenL5ffA͉TU>'ExXhas nished,itwillhaveproGducedthe leexample.dvi.IY*oucannow0viewUUorprintthis le.![>ff̟'qǍ'qffGDescribGeUUhowtocalllocalpreviewerand/orprinterdriver.F*or*sentimentalreasons,youmaywanttoincludeahinttotheprinterUUnearJane'sdesk.'qffffff̎!?AfterkithasbGeenprinted,pyoukcandeletetheLOGandDVI lestosavekyourdisk0space.602.2OCreatingOwnDo`cuments0लY*ou mustuseatexteditortoprepareaninput leforL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.K Theeasiestwaytostart0learningabGoutL5ffA͉TU>'ExXisbyexaminingthe leexample.texwithyourtexteditor.It0isUUbGesttoobtainyourowncopyofthis leinyourworkingdirectory*.?After!youhavepreparedyourinput le,Twhosenameshouldhavetheextension0tex,y|yourAmustrunitthroughL5ffA͉TU>'ExXandprinttheoutput.ȊF*ollowtheinstructionsof0sectionUU2.1,exceptuseI􍍍[>9ff̟㎍ff9withUUmenusystems:qselectffffff̎0theUUnameofyourowninput leinsteadofrexample.tex. J[>ff̟%%ff@ListE)loGcal(orgoodusable)editors.ABExplainhowtheseeditors mightcreatecharacterswhichwillproGducetheerrormessage\!UUT*extlinecontainsaninvqalidcharacter".%ffffff̎`5Ay??लF*urthermorewewouldliketoremindyouthatnotallspGecialcharactersofyour 0computerUUcanbGeusedinyourL5ffA͉TU>'ExXdocuments.I[>9ff̟㎍ff9ListUUallspGecialcharactersthatcanbeused.ffffff̎I0PleaseenotethatdoGcumentswhichcontainanextendedinputcharactersetmaynot0necessarily:gbGeexchangeablewithothersites. IfyouareplanningtoexchangedoGc-0uments,espGeciallyUviaelectronicmail,itiswisetorestrictyourselftothedefault0characterUUsetandwritespGecialcharactersasTU>'ExXtags.602.3OWhat'sSp`ecialwithLAl#+2@cmbx8A~/TESXonff9[ffplatform8ffffff9[>[?"Ս0लOneofthemostimpGortantfeaturesofL5ffA͉TU>'ExXisitsportability*.7@IfyouwriteadoGcument0youcanbGesurethatyoucanworkwithitonanyotherplatformwhereTU>'ExXruns._3So0it'samatterofcoursethatallfeaturesdescribGedintheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXbookareprovidedby I0theUUimplementationon9ff,S㎍ff9platform+$ffffff,S2aswell.[>ff̟㍄ff󏍍UAreUUtheinvisiblefontsfortheslidesclassavqailable?WhatUUabGoutBiDb32TU>'ExXandMakeIndex4D?ffffff̎d?NeverthelesseachcomputerplatformshasitspGeculiarities,thissectionwillpresent0youUUthemostimpGortantspGecialitiesthatconcernL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.)I[>9ff̟2㎍2ff9ThefollowingparagraphmaybGedeletedwithoperatingsystemsthat.have leversions.aProbablyitmustbGedescribedinsteadthat thenewversionoftheauxiliary 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le.Q2ItcanevenhappGenthatreadingthisauxiliary lescausesalotoferrormessages.0At4leastyouwillhavetorunL5ffA͉TU>'ExXasecondtimetogetthemright.eSo,ifyouhave0interruptedυyourL5ffA͉TU>'ExXprogram,HthebGestwayistodeleteallthoseauxiliary les,Hi.e.,0all' leswithanextensionotherthantex,log,or'dvi.ZIfyouwanttoavoidhavingto`6N٠y?0लrunCL5ffA͉TU>'ExXtwiceaftermakinganerror|forexample,G&ifyourinputisverylong|then 0youUUshouldsavecopiesoftheseauxiliary lesbGeforerunningL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.?ThesecondprobleminusingL5ffA͉TU>'ExXconcernsthe lesthatL5ffATU>'ExXreads.The le0which:L5ffA͉TU>'ExXiscalledwithiscalledther}'oot le.wIn:additiontoreadingtheroGot le,0L5ffA͉TU>'ExXalsoreadsthe lesspGeci edby\input'wand\include1|commands.e%Inthe le0system,TU>'ExXmustknownotonlythenamesofthese lesbutalsoinwhichdirectories0theyare.ɘY*ouwillhavenoproblem ndingthecorrect lesifyoufollowthesimple0rule:эIKeepsall lesspGeci edby\input'Բand\include28βcommandsinthesameIdirectoryUUastheroGot le.0Ifyoufollowthisrule,UyouneverhavetotypGeapathspeci erwhenusingL5ffA͉TU>'ExX./Ifyou0breakthisrulebyspGecifyinga lefromanotherdirectoryinan\input&or\include0लcommand,UUyoumustuseafullpathname.!ō[>9ff̟&㎍&ff9DescribGe.bywhichenvironmentvqariables,e6logicals,etc..the lesearch!iscon gured.d,Mentioniftherearesyntaxchangesforpathnames,UUe.g.`/?'insteadof`\'.&ffffff̎8/[>ꪉff̟3*3*ff꫍qListUUmorespGecialthings,e.g.{UUusageofextendedcharacterset,{UULOG lehasanotherextensionaslog,{R}spGecialsizesofcirclesanddisksforthepicture+denvironment.3*ffffff̎.¿02.4OHelpful,߆T cmtt12texFiles[>ff̟ffAreUUthesestillavqailable/functionable?ffffff̎ऺs?लInthedirectory'inputs,+wheretheclassandpackqage lesareloGcated,fourmore0input, lescanbGefoundwhichhelpyoutodealwithyourdoGcumentsandyourinstal-0lation.%[>ff̟$Ǎ$ff㍑Ifxtheusershavextoselectinput lesinamenusystemorifthe lesRininputsarenotfoundautomatically*,Scdeletethefollowingsentence.$ffffff̎ ፑ0Y*ouUUdon'thaveUUtocopythese les,justcallL5ffA͉TU>'ExXwiththeirname.E0idx.texZThe^indexentriesinanidx leareprintedbyrunningL5ffA͉TU>'ExXonthe leIidx.tex.|L5ffA͉TU>'ExXwillaskforthenameofthedoGcument,>whichmustbGegivenIwithoutUUanextension.荍0lablst.texj`AklistkXofthelabGels(producedby\label#F)andcitations(producedbyI\cited )ёinadoGcumentisprintedbyrunningL5ffA͉TU>'ExXontheinput lelablst.tex.IL5ffA͉TU>'ExX؟willthenaskforthenameofthedoGcument le,qwhichshouldbGetypGedIwithouttheextensiontex,MandforthenameofthedoGcumentclass(e.g.Iarticlen),UUusedbythat le.`7`y?0testpage.textThe-outputofthisinput leisanexactrepresentationofthemargins IL5ffA͉TU>'ExX?andyourprinterdriverproGduces.NkY*oucanusethisasatesthowaccurateIyourUUoutputdevicecanproGducethedimensionsavqailableinL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.H0tryfonts.textThisuUinput leproGducesseveralpagesonwhichthefontsofadoGcumentIclassareused.HWiththatyoucandetecterrorsinyourfont 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leshaveUtheextensionclo.UPackqagesUarede nedin0 leswiththeextensionsty.^Inthe lenamesthewildcardcharacter`*?'isusedto0denote60anarbitrarynumbGer60ofcharactersinthename,'ExX2.09bGefore,youmightstillhavedoGcumentswiththeoldmarkup;0namely*,۹ leswiththe\documentstyleR tagatthestarttodeclarethedoGcument's0category*.AThisddoGcumentsmaystillbGeprocessedbythecurrentL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.AThedoGcument0stylesaremappGedtothenewdocumentclasses,Kspreviousstyleoptionsareeither0realizedUUinternallyormappGedtopackqages.T[>9ff̟㎍ff9AddUUloGcalstyles.Attention:qSortedUUalphabGeticallyineachsubsection!ffffff̎`8 ny?X-[>9ff̟&㎍&ff9AnotherRsubsectionwith2.09doGcumentstyles?Theywillhave bGeeninstalledandwillbeused,afterall./XAndthetransitiontimewillUUbGelong,ifonefacesthereality:::&ffffff̎ऺ2Z[>9ff̟&㎍&ff9Anothersubsectionwithcommonlyavqailableclassoptions? 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lesletter.clsandsize*.clo.603.1.4T&TheTltxdoN9cDoQcumen9tClassuT0लThe*.ltxdoGcdocumentclassisusedforthedocumentationoftheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXcode.ceItbuilds0upGonFthearticleclass(seesection3.1.1)andthedocpackqage(seesection3.2.1)and0enablesUUakindofrestrictedliterateprogrammingforL5ffA͉TU>'ExXmacro les.?AlmostSalloptionsofthearticleclassarealsosuppGortedbythisclass.!Theonly0exceptionUUisthea5papGerxoptionwhichisnotaccepted.0ItUUsuppGortsallpagestylesofthearticleclass.?Theclassusesthe lesltxdoc.cls,(the lesfromthearticleclass,andthe les0fromUUthedoGcpackqage.qInaddition,itmaybGecon guredbythe leltxdoc.cfg.03.1.5T&TheTrepN9ortDoQcumen9tClassuT0लTherepGortdocumentclassisasuitablecategoryforlargerreports,Lmaybeevencol-0lectionUUofarticles.qItisdescribGedintheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXbook.?ThefollowingoptionsaresuppGortedbythisclass:9a4papGer,a5paper,b5paper,let-0terpapGer,legalpaper,executivepaper,landscape,10pt,11pt,12pt,oneside,twoside,draft,0 nal,titlepage,notitlepage,onecolumn,twoGcolumn,makeidx,makeindex,leqno, eqn,0andUUopGenbib.0ItUUsuppGortsthepagestylesheadingsandmyheadings.?TheUUclassusesthe lesreport.clsandsize*.clo.03.1.6T&TheTslidesDoQcumen9tClassuT0लThe>slidesdoGcumentclasssupportsthecreationofslides.ExXand>is0describGedUUintheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXbook.?Thez'ExXmacro leswithL5ffA͉TU>'EX.B"Itallows0to`intermixtypGesetdocumentationpartswithmacrocode.L Thisenablestheauthorto0createanappropriateexplanationofthecoGdeparts,heorshecanfollowtheoldadvice0ofalltechnicalwritingcourses:A\Sayittwice!"QDThiswaythedoGcpackqagebrings(part10 Ӡy?0लof))thepGower)oftheLiterateProgrammingparadigmtoTU>'ExXprogramming:1Amethod 0ofUUstructureddoGcumentationisprovided.q(Nore nementsareavqailable,'though.)?Y*ou_cancreateanindexofallmacrosusedinyourcoGdeifMakeIndexisinstalled0(see`alsosection6.2).TheTU>'ExXprogramdocstrip.texallowstostripthedoGcumen-0tationL"partfromthemacro le.V-Inaddition,itcanextractcoGdepartstodi erent0 les.?Ausermanualisavqailableaspartofthedistribution.6bDuringtheinstallation0theR ledoc.drvwascreated. iEditthis leandremovethepGercentinfrontof0\OnlyDescriptiont.'ExXthis leuntilthelabGelsdonotchangeanymore.0TheUUresultingxDVI leistheusermanual.?NoUUoptionsaresuppGortedbythispackqage.?Thepackqageusesthe lesdoc.sty.?docstrip.texispartoftheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXdistribu-0tion,UUbutisnotinstalledbydefault.603.2.2T&TheTeufrakP9ack\rageuT0लTheUUeufrakpackqagesuppGortstheusageoftheEulerQ[>ff̟Ǎff㍑\frak"?qWhyUUnot\F*raktur"?Isn'tUUthereaTUGbGoatarticleonthesefonts?ffffff̎ऺQ0लfrakhisymbGolsinmathmode.ThesefontsarepartoftheAMShdfontpackqage.Y*oucan0getUUitfromtheCT*AN,directlyfromtheAMS,orfromTU>'ExXusergroups.?Ausermanualisavqailableaspartofthedistribution.6bDuringtheinstallation0theV leeufrak.drvwascreated.uEditthis leandremovethepGercentinfrontof0\OnlyDescriptiont.'ExXthis leuntilthelabGelsdonotchangeanymore.0TheUUresultingxDVI leistheusermanual.?NoUUoptionsaresuppGortedbythispackqage.?TheUUpackqageusesthe leeufrak.sty.03.2.3T&TheTeuscriptP9ack\rageuT0लThe/euscriptpackqagesuppGortstheusageoftheEulerscriptsymbGolsinmathmode.0These;fontsarepartoftheAMSfontpackqage.:Y*oucangetitfromtheCTAN,directly0fromUUtheAMS,orfromTU>'ExXusergroups.?Ausermanualisavqailableaspartofthedistribution.6bDuringtheinstallation0the leeuscript.drvwascreated.}Editthis leandremovethepGercentinfrontof0\OnlyDescriptiont.'ExXthis leuntilthelabGelsdonotchangeanymore.0TheUUresultingxDVI leistheusermanual.?NoUUoptionsaresuppGortedbythispackqage.?TheUUpackqageusesthe leeuscript.sty.03.2.4T&TheTexscaleP9ack\rageuT0लThe6exscalepackqageissuitableifyouusealargerbasefontsizeandyouwantthe0extensible3pcharacterscomeoutwiththerightsize.f{(Theextensiblecharactersarethe0largeUUparenthesis,thebraces,theroGotsign,etc.)11 y??लIfyouusethispackqageyoushouldbGeawarethatyouloGoseacertainamountof 0qualityintheplacementofelementswithinmathformulas.iThat'sbGecausetheused0fontsT?arenotspGeci callydesigned,butsimplyscaled.nNeverthelessyouneedthree0additional%Cfonts,.whicharepartoftheAMS%7fontpackqage.aF*ormoreinformationrefer0toUUtheusermanual.?Ausermanualisavqailableaspartofthedistribution.6bDuringtheinstallation0the leexscale.drvwascreated.yEditthis leandremovethepGercentinfrontof0\OnlyDescriptiont.'ExXthis leuntilthelabGelsdonotchangeanymore.0TheUUresultingxDVI leistheusermanual.?NoUUoptionsaresuppGortedbythispackqage.?TheUUpackqageusesthe leexscale.sty.603.2.5T&TheTifthenP9ack\rageuT0लTheifthenpackqageprovidestwoprogramminglanguagefeaturesthatareusefulonly0forXpGeoplewhoalreadyknowhowtoprogram.Itde nesaconditionalcontrolconstruct0\ifthenelsem andjtheloGopconstruct\whiledo,j.#^In xnotationmaybeusedinthetests0ofUUtheseconstructs.qInaddition,anabstractionforbGooleanUUvqariablesissupplied.?A[zuser[|manualisavqailableaspartofthedistribution.;Duringtheinstallationthe0 leYifthen.drvwascreated.AL5ffA͉TU>'ExXthis leuntilthelabGelsdonotchangeanymore.0TheUUresultingxDVI leistheusermanual.?NoUUoptionsaresuppGortedbythispackqage.?TheUUpackqageusesthe leifthen.sty.03.2.6T&TheTlatexsymP9ack\rageuT0लThelatexsympackqageenablestheusageofsomeadditionalmathematicalcharacters0(those6ofthelasyfonts).kY*ouneeditonlyifyoudon'tuse !", cmsy10AU>'M S-L5ffA͉TU>'ExX.kThenthe0packqagesUUamsfontsoramssymbarebGetterchoices.?NoUUoptionsaresuppGortedbythispackqage.?TheUUpackqageusesthe leslatexsym.styandUlasy.fd.03.2.7T&TheTnewlfontP9ack\rageuT0लY*ou/usethenewlfontpackqageifyouhavedoGcumentswrittenwithNFSS1thatyou0wanttoconverttoL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"($,zbutwhereyoudon'twanttochangeallfontdeclarations.0Itdeclarestagslike\rmor\ittobGehaveliketheydidinNFSS1withthenewlfont0लstyleUUoption.?NoUUoptionsaresuppGortedbythispackqage.?Thepackqageusesthe lesnewlfont.styandall lesfromthelatexsympackqage0(seeUUsection3.2.6).03.2.8T&TheToldgermP9ack\rageuT0लThe#?oldgermpackqagesuppGortstheusageofthebroken(akqaold)GermantypGefaces0createdbyY*annisHaralambGous.hvThesetypGefacesdeliverF*raktur,Schwabacher,and0GothicUUfontstoyou.qY*oucangetthemfromtheCTANorfromTU>'ExXusergroups.12 y??लAUUdescriptionofthisworkwaspublishedinthearticleIY.Haralambous:qTypGesettingUUOldGerman:F*raktur,Schwabacher, IGotischUUandInitials.qInTKß'E-X90Confer}'enceProceedings.qCork,UUIreland,ISept.UU1990,pages129{138.qPublishedasTUGbGoatV*ol.12,No1I(Mar.UU1992).?A[zuser[|manualisavqailableaspartofthedistribution.;Duringtheinstallationthe0 leUUoldgerm.drvwascreated.[>ꪉff̟**ff꫍q\OnlyDescriptionZLdoGes|notappearinthedriver le.;ButthisseemsUUtobGeanerror,thedtx lehasa\StopEventuallyUj}tag.*ffffff̎ऺm0लEdit"this leandremove"thepGercentinfrontof\OnlyDescriptionW"y.`ThenL5ffA͉TU>'ExXthis0 lexuntilthelabGelsdonotchangeanymore.Q(TheresultingDVI leistheusermanual.?NoUUoptionsaresuppGortedbythispackqage.?Thefppackqageusesthe lesoldgerm.sty,jUyfrak.fd,Uygoth.fd,Uyswab.fd,and0Uyinit.fd.603.2.9T&TheToldlfontP9ack\rageuT0लY*ou2_mighthavedoGcumentswrittenwithstandardL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2.09orwithNFSS1andthe0oldlfont^Cstylecoption.IfyouwanttoconvertsuchadoGcumenttoL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"(,fjbutyou0don'tBwanttochangeallfontdeclarations,}thenyousimplyusetheoldlfontpackqage.0Itdeclarestagslike\rmor\ittobGehaveliketheydidinNFSS1withtheoldlfont0लstyleUUoption.?NoUUoptionsaresuppGortedbythispackqage.?Thepackqageusesthe lesoldlfont.styandall lesfromthelatexsymandthe0tracefntUUpackqage(seesections3.2.6and3.2.11).03.2.10Y$TheTpandoraP9ack\rageuT0लThepandorapackqagesuppGortstheusageofthepandorafontscreatedbyNazeenN.0Billawala.^!Y*ouccangetthemfromtheCTANTorfromTU>'ExXusergroups.^!Adescription0ofUUthesefontscanbGefoundinthearticleIN[eenie]Billarwala:qOpGeningUUPandora'sBox.qInPr}'oceedingsoftheIT;enthAnnualTKß'E-XUsersGr}'oupMeeting.qStanford,UUCA,August1989,IpagesUU481{489.qPublishedasTUGbGoatV*ol.10,No4(Dec.1989).4J[>ff̟HǍHff㍑Theusermanualofppandora.dtxisnexttounreadable.ltIfonedoGesvJnotknowabouttheinnerworkingsofNFSS,onedoesnotunderstandUUabit.EitherE)thismustbGe xedortheparagraphbelowmustbGedeleted.ThenOtheremustbGeanhintthatonehastoreadthecoGdetodetectUUhowtouseit.Hffffff̎ऺࣲ13y?0लA[=user[manualisavqailableaspartofthedistribution.IDuringtheinstallationthe 0 le4&pandora.drvwascreated. :Editthis leandremovethepGercentinfrontof0\OnlyDescriptiont.'ExXthis leuntilthelabGelsdonotchangeanymore.0TheUUresultingxDVI leistheusermanual.?NoUUoptionsaresuppGortedbythispackqage.?TheUUpackqageusesthe lespandora.sty,OT1panr.fd,andOT1pss.fd.č03.2.11Y$TheTtracefntP9ack\rageuT0लThe1GtracefntpackqageallowsyoutochoGosedi erentmessagelevelsforallL5ffA͉TU>'ExXactiv-0itiesUUconcerningfonts./v[>ff̟㍄ff󏍍UWhereHisdoGcumentationforthispackqage?Ktracefnt.dtxwasnotUUpartofthe rstL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"+Ttestdistribution.ffffff̎ऺ/u?लThezfollowingoptionsaresuppGortedbythispackqage:Terrorshow,warningshow,in-0foshow,UUloading,debugshow,andpausing.?TheUUpackqageusesthe letracefnt.sty.03.2.12Y$TheTvariorefP9ack\rageuT0लThevariorefpackqagesuppGortsthecreationofcross-referencesthatincludethepageof0the1referencedplace.@ZThehinttothepageisonlydoneifit'snotonthesamepage,0andUUspGecialclausesareusedforthepreviousandnextpage.?A[zuser[|manualisavqailableaspartofthedistribution.;Duringtheinstallationthe0 le varioref.drvwascreated.0`L5ffA͉TU>'ExXthis leuntilthelabGelsdonotchangeanymore.0TheUUresultingxDVI leistheusermanual.?ThexfollowingoptionsaresuppGortedbythispackqage:american,austrian,brazil,0catalan,croatian,czech,danish,dutch,english,espGeranto, nnish,french,galician,ger-0man,'italian,magyar,'norsk,nynorsk,pGolish,portuges,romanian,russian,slovak,slovene,0spanish,sswedish,turkish,francais,and:ggermanb. Theseoptionsselectclausesinthe0respGectiveUUlanguages.?TheUUpackqageusesthe levarioref.sty.!R04I-oCarryingffOn0लThefollowingchapterprovidesinformationabGouttheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXsystemthatisinstalled0atyoursite.OUsuallythisinformationisnotneededbyyou;itwillbGeofinterestifyou0wantUUtogetan\innerknowledge"ofyourL5ffA͉TU>'ExXversion.č04.1OWheretheFilesAre0लT*able1describGesthelocationofall lesbelongingtoL5ffA͉TU>'ExXinasuggestedinstallation.Y[>ff̟ffExplainUUinwhichmaindirectory(ies)thissubtreeresides.ffffff̎0T*oUUuseL5ffA͉TU>'ExX,onlythe lesininputsareneeded.14y?7㍠IkfdFilesKDirectorUTyb!latex.texinitex/latex b!lfonts.texinitex/latexb!lplain.texinitex/latexb!slitex.texinitex/latexb!sfonts.texinitex/latexb!splain.texinitex/latexb!hyphen.texinitexb!hyphenationUUpatternsinitex/hyphens/*ܲ(ownUUdirectoryforeachlanguage)b!lang*.texinitexb!local.texinitexb!codes.texinitexb!*.stylatexb!idx.texlatexb!lablst.texlatexb!testpage.texlatexb!tryfonts.texlatexb!*.texlatex/docܲ(doGcumentation,UUL5ffA͉TU>'ExXable)b!*.*latex/docܲ(doGcumentation,UUnotL5ffA͉TU>'ExXable)b!*.bstbibtexb!*.*bibtex/docܲ(newUUBiDb32TU>'ExXdoGcumentation)ǍO8T*ableUU1:qFileswhichareneededforL5ffA͉TU>'ExX'[>9ff̟&㎍&ff9T*ableUUinformationwasnotupGdatedtoL5ffA͉TU>'ExX2"(. doweneedthissectionatall?OcfIntroGduction|INITEXstu isUUnolongerneeded.&ffffff̎ऺ-SO04.2OFontsuT0लAlmost2allcharacterswhichareinthefontsmaybGeyieldwithusualL5ffA͉TU>'ExXtags.f7But 0thereWaresometypGesizesyoumaynotproGducewiththesizechangingpGossibilitiesof0L5ffA͉TU>'ExX.PleasecontactyourloGcalTU>'ExXpertwhowillexplainyouhowtomakethese0fontsKaccessibleviaNFSS.(IfyouaretheloGcalexpertandyoudonotknowiteither,0readUUthedoGcumentationonNFSS,[>ff̟㍄ff󏍍UdedicatedUUsectionsinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXCompanion?ffffff̎ऺ0लandmaybGeyoushouldalsobuyyourselfaTU>'ExXbGookandreadthechapters4and9,0andUUtheappGendixF.)15Ҹy?r㍟gdXsizeÓdefraulUTt(.7 cmtcsc1010pt)|11ptoptionC12ptoptionÓffyX\tiny/̵ ff⇲5pt͟ ff(6pt͟ ffn6pt͟ ffÓffyX\scriptsizeLǟ ff⇲7pt͟ ff(8pt͟ ffn8pt͟ ffÓffyX\footnotesize͟ ff⇲8pt͟ ff(9pt͟ ffi10pt͟ ffÓffyX\small* ff⇲9pt͟ ff#10pt͟ ffi11pt͟ ffÓffyX\normalsizeLǟ ff݇10pt͟ ff#11pt͟ ffi12pt͟ ffÓffyX\large* ff݇12pt͟ ff#12pt͟ ffi14pt͟ ffÓffyX\Large* ff݇14pt͟ ff#14pt͟ ffi17pt͟ ffÓffyX\LARGE* ff݇17pt͟ ff#17pt͟ ffi20pt͟ ffÓffyX\huge/̵ ff݇20pt͟ ff#20pt͟ ffi25pt͟ ffÓffyX\Huge/̵ ff݇25pt͟ ff#25pt͟ ffi25pt͟ ffÓffyQqǍx6T*ableUU2:qTypGesizesforL5ffA͉TU>'ExXsize-changingfeaturesϧerd.\it\bf\sln\sf.\sc8\tt.ffʎ5pt Ο ffNU ȟ ff'D  ffU ȟ ffU ȟ ff!NU ȟ ff=U ȟ ff.ffʎ6pt Ο ffNU ȟ ff'D  ffU ȟ ffU ȟ ff!NU ȟ ff=U ȟ ff.ffʎ7pt Ο ffP E ff'D  ffU ȟ ffU ȟ ff!NU ȟ ff=U ȟ ff.ffʎ8pt Ο ffP E ff'D  ffD  ff}D  ff!= D  ff<D  ff.ffʎ9pt Ο ffP E ffgP E ffD  ff}D  ff!= D  ff=gP E ff.ffʎ10pt͟ ffP E ffgP E ff'P E ffP E ff!= D  ff=gP E ff.ffʎ11pt͟ ffP E ffgP E ff'P E ffP E ff!= D  ff=gP E ff.ffʎ12pt͟ ffP E ffgP E ff'P E ffP E ff!= D  ff=gP E ff.ffʎ14pt͟ ff=0D  ffgP E ffD  ff}D  ff!= D  ff<D  ff.ffʎ17pt͟ ff=0D  ffgP E ffD  ff}D  ff!= D  ff<D  ff.ffʎ20pt͟ ff=0D  ff'D  ffD  ff}D  ff!= D  ff<D  ff.ffʎ25pt͟ ffNU ȟ ff'D  ffU ȟ ffU ȟ ff!NU ȟ ff=U ȟ ff.ffʎ]qǍ;sT*ableUU3:qFontclasses:qP=preloaded,D=loadedondemand,U=unavqailable.?T*ableu)2tellsyouwhatsizeoftypGeisusedforeachL5ffA͉TU>'ExXtypGe-sizetaginthevqarious 0doGcumentclassoptions.F*orexample,0withthe12ptg0option,the\large&*declaration0causesUUL5ffA͉TU>'ExXtouse14pttypGe.)S[>㣎ff̟3䍄3ff裎#Preloaded/onndemandmakesnotmuchsenseanymore,6but\un-avqailable"UUstilldoGes!qHaveto xthetable.Basically*,athe_otableshallexplainthestateifoneusesthedistri-bution,UUi.e.,withoutfontdef.cfg@jandpreload.cfg=4.3ffffff̎ऺ)90लT*ableqX3tells,xXforeverytypGesize,xXtowhichclassoffontseachtypGestylebGelongs,xXi.e.,0ifvitispreloaded,bifitwillbGeloadedondemand,orifitisunavqailable.ִTheTFM les0forUUthosefontswhichareloadedondemandareneededatruntime.[>ff̟Ǎff㍑WhichnamesshouldbGeusedbest?\rmfamily7Netc.?OrshouldIUUusetherealfontnames?ffffff̎ऺࣲ16]y?0लRoman8#(\rm)andmathitalic(\mit)fontsareallpreloaded;Athe\em0=declarationuses 0eitherUUitalic(\it)orroman.[>ff̟ Ǎ ff㍑checkUUthiswithNFSS{howabGoutreducedfonts? ffffff̎ऺ0लPleasenotethattheentry\unavqailable"inthetabledoGesnotmeanthatthesefonts0donotexist|theyjustarenotusedbyL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.jInfactthereexistsarealizationof0L5ffA͉TU>'ExX `whichdoGesnotknowany\unavqailablefonts."YIfthisversionshouldbGeusedall0fontsUUwhichdonotexistinreality(asTU>'ExXfonts)mustbGegeneratedasscaledones.?Ifyouusethe11ptor12ptasthebasicfontsizesforyourdoGcument,5notall0mathematicalSsymbGolswillbesetintheircorrectsizes.lTheso-called\extensible"0symbGols`(parenthesis,braces,root`sign,etc.)arenotadaptedtothissize.Thepack-0ageuexscale(seesection3.2.4)providesawork-around,E|youmightwanttocheckits0doGcumentation.Y;N[>ff̠Ǎff㍑DescribGe4#whichfontsetsareavqailableandprovidecrossrefstopackqagesUUthatenabletheusage,e.g.tospGecialUUlocalfonts(withlogosetc.) 0 logo10METAF9ONT8logoUUfonts,manfnt&*etc.DCUUfontstheUUadaptionto\true-size"fontsbySauter.aversionforthesuppGortofPostScript-fonts(whohasoneUUthatreallyworks?qpsnfss?)whatUUelse?qǵ:::ffffff̎][>ff̟ Ǎ ff㍑IfUUafontmanualexistsitsusualloGcationshouldbenotedhere. ffffff̎s04.3OErrorsintheLAl#A~/TESXb`ookx+[>9ff̟㎍ff9WillUUthatremain?IMOUUit'sbGetterthanincludingithere.ffffff̎ऺ^0लTheerrorsintheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXbGookwhichhavebGeenknownat9ff70` Ǎ fferrataUUdate6c ffffff70`>Xandadditions0ofL.LampGortaredescribedinthedocument`Err}'ataandAdditionstotheManual.'0ThisadoGcumentconsistsofthetwo leserrata.texandaddendum.texwhichare0loGcatedFZinthedirectoryilatex/doc.lY*oumustrunerrata.texthroughL5ffA͉TU>'ExXtoget0aUUformattedoutput. N05I-oBugs?32No,ffFfeatures!#1[>ff̟$Ǎ$ff㍑AreUUthesestilloGccuring?Y*es,&zatleastthe rst|quiteinthisdoGcument,asof01F*eb94,RevisionUU1.7.$ffffff̎ऺࣲ17y?0लThereareafewknownbugsinL5ffA͉TU>'ExXthatoGccurveryseldomandcausetheuserlittle 0trouble,zbutYswouldbGeverydicultto x.~"Moreover,zgiventhenatureofcomplex0systems,xxit>>isnotunlikelythatthecorrectionswouldleadtoevenworseproblems.0Therefore,UUthesebugswillprobablynotbGe xed.?TheDbugsandwaysDtogetaroundthemarelistedbGelow.lQDonotworryabGoutany0ofRthemuntilyouarepreparingthe nalversionofyourdoGcument.ٿThesebugsare0all{jconcernedwiththepGositionoftheproducingcontrolsequenceonthepageandit0is%verylikelythatchangestothetextwillcausethemtodisappGear(andperhapsto0reappGearUUatotherplaces).h?ࣸIलInrareinstances,a gureortablewillbGeprintedonthepageprecedingthetextIwherel1thefigure&XPortable!Senvironmentl1appGears.ZThiscanbe xedbymovingItheUUenvironmentfurthertowardstheendofthedoGcument.]?ࣸIलAfoGotnotecanbebrokenacrosstwopageswhenitshould tonasinglepage.IThisohappGenswhenthereareoneormore guresortablesonthepage.TheIproblemf/iscorrectedbymoving,etowardstheendofthe le,ethelastfigureIलor[Xtable"environment[XthatproGducesa gureortableonthepagewheretheIfoGotnoteUUstarts.?ࣸIलAmarginalnoteatthetopofapagemayappGearinthewrongmargin.HThiscanIbGe, xedbyinsertingaredundant\pagebreak:ٖtagtoforceapagebreakexactlyIwhereUUL5ffA͉TU>'ExXstartedthenewpageanyway*.v[>ff̟ffbug.l2eӏmentions*.bugasthe le(s)forhistoryofbugs.uAretheseUUmorethanone lenow?q(CurrentlyUUthereisnone.)ffffff̎ऺ@0लThei lelatex.buginthedirectorylatex/doccontainsahistoryoftheknownbugs0ofUUL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.qlatex.bugisnoTU>'EXinput le. ˗06I-oUtilities06.1OBi/- cmcsc10ib\T UE!XuT[>ff̟ Ǎ ff㍑DoUUweneedaswitchifInstalledBibT*eX? ffffff̎ऺh0लBiDb32TU>'ExXisaprogramforcompilingareferencelistforadoGcumentfromabibliographic0database.T*o\ dothisitreadstheauxiliary lewiththeextensionauxthatL5ffA͉TU>'ExX0proGduces.[>9ff̟㎍ff9DescribGeUUactivqationandparametersffffff̎20T*oTproGduceareferencelistyouhavetorunyourdoGcumentthroughL5ffA͉TU>'ExX(thenthe0AUX lewillbGeproduced),gonlyafterwardsyoucancallBiDb32TU>'ExX.kOnthenextL5ffA͉TU>'EX0run*youwill ndthereferencelistinyourdoGcument,ޞbutasecondrunisneededto0getUUthecitationsintothetext.?Allcitationsarelistedintheaux lesothatthecorrespGondingreferencesfroma0bibliographicCEdatabase(usuallya lewiththeextensionbib)canbGeextractedintoa18 y?}qǍmv`T UE!Xwj׉fe)q66fes厑(Q6fefefe)q{<BIB㟓(fe)q66fes厑(Q6fefefe)q⍍mBBLRzΟʉfe)q66fes厑(Q6fefefe)q)\XDVIiFr&feiɟO line10?|"ƄfdA--Ƅfd#9--SƄfdb-=4;Ƅfd-eZʄYfee،?V ]nfe)q66fes厑(Q6fefefe)qoşCyfe6̅3BAUX2oşTDŽAfeTǬ?P^ufd-㗊Yfeʼ?e˄fdMˎeZ\fee،?wCyfe)q66fes厑(Q6fefefe)q)Cyfe)q66fes厑(Q6fefefe)q뙟^ufdnV^ufdnA^ufdnkП^ufdn^ufdnJ^ufdn^ufdnğ^ufdn%A^ufdn,l>^ufdn3^ufdn:^ufdnAu^ufdnI2^ufdnPA^ufdnWl^ufdnZޟfeZޟfeZޟ;gfeZޟufeZޟfe[?Di>SfeDpSfeDw8SfeDZބSfeDSfeD*SfeDvЄSfeDvSfeD4SfeD„SfeDhSfeDPSfeDSfe v?̅3]ɇLDD"A_ټT UE!X⍍.Biib\T UE!X̅3!LDD"A_ټT UE!X̅3WLDD"A_ټT UE!X̅3R4AUX10लFigureUU1:\InteractionUUofBiDb32TU>'ExXandL5ffA͉TU>'EX 01Cscmtt8AUXq1*: AUXX lewithinformationforB22- cmcsc10iibQTAEMX0AUXq2*: AUXX lewithcitationcrossreferences0Not$8all lesreadorwrittenareshoÎwn.Dashedarrowsdenotesthatthis leisread,7butnotreally0relevanÎtXatthisstage.T0ल lewiththeextensionbblwhichisreadfromL5ffA͉TU>'ExX.AllmessagesfromBiDb32TU>'EXare 0writtenRintoa lewiththeextensionblg(seealsoFigure1).WMoreinformationabGout0the\ usageofBiDb32TU>'ExXcanbGefoundinthedocumentbtxdoc&8whichconsistsofthetwo0 les.btxdoc.texandbtxdoc.bib(aBiDb32TU>'ExXdatabase).dThesetwo. lescanbGefound0in$thedirectoryHbibtex/doc.aY*ouhave$todotheabGove-mentioned$procedure(L5ffA͉TU>'ExX,0BiDb32TU>'ExX,UUL5ffA͉TU>'EX,L5ffA͉TU>'EX)forthisdoGcument. 00p0J cmsl10Hint: "bbtxdoc.sisanewerandmorecompletedescriptionofBiDb32TU>'ExXthantheap-0pGendixUUBoftheL5ffA͉TU>'ExXbook.T[>ff̟ Ǎ ff㍑IsUUthisobsoletewiththe2ndedition? 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