\def\fileversion{v2}
\def\filedate{91/12/10}
%
% This document describes an NFSS setup which declares PostScript
% fonts, and the associated style files
%
\def\SLiTeX{S\kern-.065em L\kern-.18em\raise.32ex\hbox{i}\kern-.03em\TeX}
% PiCTeX Documentation from the PiCTeX Files
\def\PiC{P\kern-.12em\lower.5ex\hbox{I}\kern-.075emC}
\def\PiCTeX{\PiC\kern-.11em\TeX}
\def\PS{{\sc PostScript}}
\documentstyle[]{article}
\begin{document}
\title{Notes on setup of the New Font Selection Scheme to use
PostScript fonts}
\author{Sebastian Rahtz}
\date{\filedate}
\maketitle
%
\section{Introduction}

This set of files offers a complete working setup of the NFSS for use
with \PS\ fonts, and includes material for building new copies of
\LaTeX\ and \SLiTeX; it is based on the system I created between 1989
and 1991 for Southampton Computer Science, checked and updated. The
macros for loading \PS\ fonts borrow from \verb|psmath| by Kresten Krab
Thorup and \verb|npsfont.sty| by Timothy Van Zandt. Style options are
provided for the common PostScript fonts. You should be familiar with
the standard NFSS files and their use to follow this document. It is
important to realize that I assume you are going to create a new {\em
format file}, not just using a new style option with your existing
setup. If you are not happy doing this, go back to the New Font
Selection Scheme documentation and read about it there. I also assume
that you have all the NFSS files on your \TeX\ path, and know what to
respond with when `initex' demands `xxxlfont.sty',  `preload.tex' etc.

Style files are offered to set documents in the common PostScript
fonts, plus exotica like Lucida Maths and Knuth's `punk' (useful in
slides perhaps!). It is assumed that the user uses a driver which
understands virtual fonts, and that Karl Berry's naming scheme is
followed.

Two command files for em\TeX's `mfjob' package are provided; `punk.mfj'
creates the fonts needed by one of the tests, which uses Knuth's `punk'
fonts; `psnfss.mfj' creates all the CMR fonts which seem to be used by
the test documents and are not normally provided. If you do print my
tests, you are likely to have to create some new PK files. If you are a
Unix person, use some similar utility. MSDOS users should note that
`dvips' falls over trying to allocate memory when processing my tests.
Life is hard.

\section{Portability}

This entire setup will work if you use a \PS\ printer, use Berry's
names for \PS\ fonts in \TeX, use virtual fonts to map \PS\ to CMR
layout, and process your \verb|.dvi| files with Rokicki's dvips. Other
systems will fall over.\footnote{What a `sweep under the carpet' term
this is! Anthropomorphism rules OK} The last requirement may be waived
if you just want the fonts to work, not the \PS\ goodies I happen to
have tested in the test file.

\section{Installation}
Unix users, or DOS users with a copy of a Unix-like `make' program
(such as that which comes with Turbo C) can simply type `\verb|make
latex slitex|'  and then `\verb|make install|' to get things built and
installed ({\bf check the paths in \verb|makefile| first!}); others will have
to run \verb|initex| on \verb|newlatex.tex| and \verb|newslitex.tex| by
hand, and install the .fmt files. The Makefile will create format files
called `newlatex.fmt' and `nwslitex.fmt' which you can access in the
normal way.

A single test file, \verb|tests.tex| is provided for both \LaTeX\ and
\SLiTeX, called  by two shells called \verb|latest.tex| and
\verb|slitest.tex| respectively. This exercises the NFSS a little, and
also calls on \PS\ colors, embedded PostScript figures (using a new
version of the `psfig' macros), changebars, dingbats etc. It will not
print unless processed by Rokicki's \verb|dvips| so don't try some other
mangy programs. If you haven't got a PostScript printer, why are you
reading this?

The only way I have of seeing the effect of colours is to use
GhostScript. I can run the output from \verb|latest.dvi| and
\verb|slitest.dvi| through `dvips' and `gs', and it works, but thats as far
as I have tested it all!

\section{Files}
If in doubt, copy files from the standard \LaTeX\ files or M\&S
NFSS files (release of December 1991 or later) to make this thing work;
the following files make up my distribution:
\begin{description}
\item[avant.sty]: makes Avantarde default text font, and Times
default sans font.
\item[bookman.sty]: makes Bookman default text font, and Helvetica
default sans font.
\item[color.sty]: a style file to use \PS\ specials to make
colour slides; this can also be used in plain \LaTeX.
\item[dingbat.sty]: sets up various commands which use the Zapf Dingbats
font, each of which take as a parameter the character number of a symbol
in the font. Possibilities are:
\begin{description}
\item[ding] Just prints the character
\item[dingfill] wherever you use a filler, fills the space with the
selected character
\item[dingline] a freestanding line of symbols
\item[dinglist] a list environment which tags items with the selected symbol
\end{description}
\item[epsfig.sty]: a style file which is an enhanced version of
Trevor Darrell's `psfig' macros to make it work at its best with
Rokicki's dvips program.
\item[fontdef.mag]: input by pfontdef.tex, and defines all the CMR fonts
you want to use (mostly a copy of fontdef.ori, but with changes to get
more fonts right, albeit magnified, instead of substituting.
\item[helv.sty]: makes Helvetica default text font, and Times
default sans font.
\item[latest.tex]: test new \LaTeX\ font styles and sizes, and assorted
other features.
\item[lucida.sty]: sets up Lucida as text font, and Lucida Sans as sans font
\item[lucmath.sty]: sets up Lucida Maths fonts to replace standard
Computer Modern Roman maths
\item[makefile]: Unix-type Makefile for creating and installing new formats.
\item[ncs.sty]: makes NewCenturySchoolbook default text font, and AvantGarde
default sans font
\item[newslide.sty]: {\bf must} be used with new \SLiTeX\ in place of
normal slides.sty
\item[pnfss.tex]: This document.
\item[palatino.sty]: makes Palatino default text font, and Times
default sans font.
\item[pfontdef.tex]: to be used where lfonts.tex calls for
`fontdef.tex'; this is where the \PS\ font macros are defined.
%%\item[pi.sty]: (experimentally!) sets up Mathematical PI maths symbol fonts for use
%%\item[pitest.tex]: tests Mathematical PI fonts
\item[rawfonts.tex]: a useful set of macros by Mark Roth to define all
those `raw' calls like \verb|fivrm| used in packages like \PiCTeX\ in
terms of the NFSS.
\item[sfontdef.tex]: to be used where lfonts.tex calls for
`fontdef.tex' if you are building \SLiTeX; this is where all the
\SLiTeX\ fonts are defined.
\item[sfonts.tex]: {\bf Note} that there is not a file called
sfonts.tex, but you should use the NFSS lfonts.tex when splain.tex calls
for it, {\em not} the plain \LaTeX\ lfonts.tex or sfonts.tex.
\item[s-latex.tex]: Wrapper file which calls lplain.tex to build \LaTeX
\item[s-slitex.tex]: Wrapper file which calls splain.tex to build
\SLiTeX; this has some very important extra code in it to over-ride
\LaTeX\ bits and pieces, so do not ignore it!
\item[tests.tex]: simple test of font sizes and styles, used by
latest.tex and slitest.tex. Also tests a number of other features.
\item[slitest.tex]:  test new \SLiTeX\ font styles and sizes
\item[times.sty]: makes Times default text font, and Helvetica
default sans font
\item[varsym.sty]: declares a font family for \verb|cmex|, so allowing
the size to vary with other characters; the results are dubious in \SLiTeX.
\end{description}

\section{User interface}
The casual user should include one of the style options
{\em times.sty}, {\em bookman.sty}, {\em helv.sty}, {\em
palatino.sty}, {\em avant.sty},
or {\em ncs.sty} (and {\em lucidamath.sty} if they have the Lucida Maths fonts)
to change the default text fonts; in addition, they can change the
defaults at any time by saying things like
\begin{verbatim}
   \romanfont{times}
   \sansfont{avantgarde}
   \typewriterfont{courier}
\end{verbatim}
wherever they like in the document if the font family has already been
loaded. 
Note that the NFSS by default only allows such commands in the
preamble; I have (for the present) let people abuse the system.

\section{Style-writers interface} 
In the common case, a `times.sty' is constructed as follows: 
\begin{verbatim}
% set up Courier family
\def\load@courier{%
\postscript@fontdef{Courier}{courier}%
{pcrr}{pcrro}{pcrb}{pcrbo}{pcrr}{pcrr}
}
% set up Helvetica family
\def\load@helvetica{%
\postscript@fontdef{Helvetica}{helvetica}%
{phvr}{phvro}{phvb}{phvbo}{phvrc}{phvro}
}
% set up Times family
\def\load@times{%
\postscript@fontdef{Times}{times}%
{ptmr}{ptmri}{ptmb}{ptmbi}{ptmrc}{ptmro}
}
% set up association between families and LaTeX defaults
\romanfont{times} 
\sansfont{helvetica}
\typewriterfont{courier} 
\end{verbatim}
where the names `times', `courier', `palatino', `avantgarde',
`bookman', `ncs' and `helvetica' are first defined by constructing
macros like \verb|\load@times|, and then used. If you want to extend
this by adding a new name for eg `optima', you must define the macro
\verb|\load@optima|. You have to supply the names of six fonts as
parameters to \verb|\postscript@fontdef|, which are  those for normal,
italic, bold, bolditalic, small caps and slanted. The first parameter
is simply descriptive, and is not actually used.  To add a new
series or shape combination for a family, use a statement like this:
\begin{verbatim}
 \declare@font{times}{bx}{sc}{ptmbc}
\end{verbatim}
which declares `ptmbc' as the font to use when the user asks for family
`times', series `bx' and shape `sc'.

An extension from the first versions of this system is due to macros by
Timothy Van Zandt; this allows the \PS\ font to be scaled.
To quote his documentation:
\begin{quote}
  Mixing fonts that are not designed to be used together is not for purists,
  but many of us do it anyway. Scaling the fonts can at least correct for
  differences in the x-heights. This is important if you use Computer
  Modern fonts for in-line math and some other fonts for text.

To find out the x-height of the 10pt size of a font
use the command
\begin{verbatim}
    \showxheight{<filename>}
\end{verbatim} 
  E.g., \verb|\showxheight{phvr}| and \verb|\showxheight{cmr10}| displays
\begin{verbatim}
    x-height of cmr10 at 10pt is 4.30554pt
    x-height of phvr at 10pt is 5.24998pt
\end{verbatim} 
  on the terminal. Scaling the Helvetica fonts by 4.30554/5.24990 = .82
  gets the x-heights of these fonts in line. It is best to set the x-heights
  the same for the medium weight, normal shaped fonts, and then scale the
  rest of the fonts in the same family by the same amount.
\end{quote}
This is implemented by an optional first parameter to \verb|\declare@font|
and \verb|\postscript@fontdef| which is the amount by which the font
should be scaled. So Helvetica can be loaded at a .82 scale by changing
a style file to read:
\begin{verbatim}
\def\load@helvetica{%
\postscript@fontdef[.82]{Helvetica}{helvetica}%
{phvr}{phvro}{phvb}{phvbo}{phvrc}{phvro}
}
\end{verbatim}
This facility is exercised in the test file by loading a scaled-up copy
of Zapf Chancery with the command:
\begin{verbatim}
\declare@font[1.5]{bigzapf}{m}{n}{pzcmi}
\end{verbatim}
and then activating it with \verb|\family{bigzapf}\selectfont| resulting
in Chancery being 50\% larger than before. {\em This is not the
recommended way of using the macros!}
\end{document}