%%% ====================================================================
%%%  @LaTeX-file{
%%%     filename        = "subeqn.tex",
%%%     version         = "1.2b",
%%%     date            = "29 October 1996",
%%%     time            = "13:16:24 EST",
%%%     checksum        = "54884 202 671 6645",
%%%     author          = "American Mathematical Society",
%%%     copyright       = "Copyright (C) 1995 American Mathematical Society,
%%%                        all rights reserved.  Copying of this file is
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%%%                        (1) you make absolutely no changes to your copy,
%%%                        including name; OR
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%%%     address         = "American Mathematical Society,
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%%%                        P. O. Box 6248,
%%%                        Providence, RI 02940,
%%%                        USA",
%%%     telephone       = "401-455-4080 or (in the USA and Canada)
%%%                        800-321-4AMS (321-4267)",
%%%     FAX             = "401-331-3842",
%%%     email           = "tech-support@ams.org (Internet)",
%%%     supported       = "yes",
%%%     keywords        = "latex, amslatex, ams-latex, amstex",
%%%     abstract        = "This is part of the AMS-\LaTeX{} distribution.
%%%                        It is a sample document illustrating the use of
%%%                        the subequations environment and the effect of
%%%                        the fleqn option.",
%%%     docstring       = "The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================
\documentclass[fleqn]{article}

\title{Test of subequations environment}
\author{mjd}

\usepackage{amsmath}
\numberwithin{equation}{section}

\newcommand{\env}[1]{{\normalfont\texttt{#1}}}

\AtEndDocument{\multipasswarning}
\newcommand{\multipasswarning}{%
  \clearpage
  \typeout{%
  **********************************************************************}
  \typeout{%
  Note: This document needs to run through LaTeX three times, instead of}
  \typeout{%
  the usual two, to resolve indirect cross-references.}
  \typeout{%
  **********************************************************************}
}

\makeatletter
%    Omit the warning message if three passes have been completed (on
%    first pass \ref{check} is undefined and it is set to 0; on second
%    pass \ref{check} is 0 and set to 1; on third pass it is 1).
\def\checkref{\begingroup
  \@ifundefined{r@check}{\def\@currentlabel{0}}{\def\@currentlabel{1}}%
  \ifnum1=0\expandafter\@firstoftwo\r@check\relax
    \global\let\multipasswarning\relax
  \fi
  \label{check}%
  \endgroup}
\makeatother

\begin{document}
\section{Prime equation numbers}

First an equation.
\begin{equation}\label{e:previous}
A=B
\end{equation}
That was equation \eqref{e:previous}.

Then the same, with a prime on the number.\checkref
\begin{equation}
\tag{\ref{e:previous}$'$}\label{e:prevprime}
C=D
\end{equation}
And that was equation \eqref{e:prevprime}.

Notice, by the way, that when a \verb"\ref" occurs inside a \verb"\tag",
and that \verb"\tag" is then \verb"\label"'d, a \verb"\ref" for the the
second \verb"\label" requires \emph{three} runs of \LaTeX{} in order to
get the proper value. (If you run through the logic of \LaTeX{}'s
cross-referencing mechanisms as they apply in this case, you will see
that this is necessary.)

\section{Subnumbered equations}

Here is a,b,c sub-numbering.
\begin{subequations}
\begin{eqnarray}
A&=&B\\
D&=&C \label{e:middle}\\
E&=&F
\end{eqnarray}
\end{subequations}
That was produced with the \env{eqnarray} environment; the middle line
was labeled as \eqref{e:middle}.

An equation following the end of the \verb"subequations" environment
should revert to normal numbering:
\begin{equation}\label{e:check}
H<K
\end{equation}
A check on the labeling: that was equation~\eqref{e:check}.

The sub-numbered equations can be spread out through the text, like
this:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{equation}
A=B
\end{equation}
The \verb"subequations" environment can span arbitrary text between
subsidiary equations. The only restriction is that if there are any
numbered equations inside the \verb"subequations" environment that break
out of the subequation numbering sequence, they would have to be handled
specially.
\begin{equation}
D=C \label{e:newmiddle}
\end{equation}
More arbitrary text.
\begin{equation}
E=F
\end{equation}
\end{subequations}
Label check: the middle one was \eqref{e:newmiddle}

A final equation for a numbering check.
\begin{equation}\label{e:final}
G=H
\end{equation}
That equation was labeled as \eqref{e:final}.

\section{Tests of \env{align}, \env{gather}, and other
AMS-\protect\LaTeX{} environments}

The \env{align} environment:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
\label{align:a}A+B&=B+A\\
\label{align:b}C&=D+E\\
\label{align:c}E&=F
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
Label check: that was \eqref{align:a}, \eqref{align:b}, and
\eqref{align:c}.

The \env{align} environment again:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{align}
\label{xalign:a}A+B&=B&     B&=B+A\\
\label{xalign:b}C&=D+E&     C\oplus D&=E\\
\label{xalign:c}E&=F&       E'&=F'
\end{align}
\end{subequations}
Label check: that was \eqref{xalign:a}, \eqref{xalign:b}, and
\eqref{xalign:c}.

The \env{gather} environment. For the third line we refer to one of the
numbers in the first \env{align} structure.
\begin{subequations}
\begin{gather}
\label{gather:a}A+B=B\\
\label{gather:b}C=D+E\\
\tag{\ref{align:a}$'$}\label{gather:c}E=F
\end{gather}
\end{subequations}
Label check: that was \eqref{gather:a},
\eqref{gather:b}, and
\eqref{gather:c}.

The next \env{subequations} environment encompasses two separate
equations. A \env{split} environment:
\begin{subequations}
\begin{equation}
\label{split:x}
\begin{split}
A&=B+C+F\\
&=G
\end{split}
\end{equation}
and a \env{multline} environment:
\begin{multline}\label{multline:x}
A[B]C[D]E[F]G[[H[I]J[K]L[M]N]]=\\
H[I]J[K]L[M]N[O]P[Q]R[S]T[U]V[W]X[Y]Z
\end{multline}
\end{subequations}
Label check: That was \eqref{split:x} and \eqref{multline:x}.

\end{document}